L’objectif de cette étude consiste à déterminer si les conventions de l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT) sont effectives en ce qui concerne l’éradication du travail des enfants en Mauritanie. Cette effectivité est appréciée en mesurant la réception juridique et la réception sociale en Mauritanie de la Convention 29 sur le travail forcé, de la Convention 138 sur l’âge minimum d’admission à l’emploi et de la Convention 182 sur les pires formes de travail des enfants. La réception juridique des conventions est mesurée par un examen de l’intégration de leurs dispositions dans le droit national mauritanien. La réception juridique comprend également l’appréciation du contrôle du respect des conventions en territoire mauritanien. La réception sociale fait référence, quant à elle, aux stratégies de mise en œuvre des conventions de l’OIT par le Gouvernement mauritanien à travers ses programmes et ses politiques. Notre analyse démontre que l’effectivité des Conventions 29, 138 et 182 de l’OIT en ce qui concerne l’éradication du travail des enfants en Mauritanie est, selon nous, partielle. Dans l’ensemble, la situation tend à s’améliorer et le Gouvernement mauritanien tente de respecter l’esprit de ces conventions et de leur faire écho dans le droit national. Toutefois, il n’existe pas beaucoup d’information sur l’impact des programmes mis en place pour éradiquer le travail des enfants. / The objective of this study is to determine whether the International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions are effective in the eradication of child labour in Mauritania. Such effectivity is assessed by measuring the legal reception and the social reception in Mauritania of the Convention 29 on Forced Labour, the Convention 138 on Minimum Age for Admission to Employment, and the Convention 182 on the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour. The legal reception is measured by a review of the integration of their provisions into Mauritanian law. The legal reception also includes the assessment of the monitoring of compliance with the conventions in Mauritania. The social reception refers, for its part, to the strategies taken by the Mauritanian government to implement ILO Conventions, notably through its programs and policies. Our analysis shows that the effectivity of Conventions 29, 138 and 182 regarding the eradication of child labour in Mauritania are, in our view, partial. Overall, the situation is improving and the Mauritanian government tries to respect the spirit of these conventions and incorporate them in the national law. However, there is not much information available on the impact of the programs in place to eradicate child labour.

Os direitos humanos adquiriram status universal e de aplicabilidade a todos indistintamente com a promulgação da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos - DUDH em 1948, cujo preâmbulo assevera a eminência dos direitos humanos e das liberdades fundamentais direcionados a todos os povos e nações. Em seguida, inicia-se a adesão de diversos países ao texto da declaração, visando à proteção na ordem constitucional interna e à consagração da dignidade da pessoa humana. Quanto às liberdades, no Direito Coletivo do Trabalho, destaca-se a manifestação do princípio (direito) de liberdade sindical, segundo a DUDH, todo o homem tem direito a organizar sindicatos e a neles ingressar para proteção de seus interesses. Tal princípio também pode ser vislumbrado em outros diplomas internacionais, principalmente, em determinadas convenções da Organização Internacional do Trabalho - OIT. O Brasil ratificou a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos e algumas convenções da OIT, no entanto, no território brasileiro prevalece a aplicação do modelo de organização sindical denominado unicidade, que condiciona a existência exclusiva de uma entidade representativa de categoria profissional ou econômica na mesma base territorial. Diante disso, a temática da pesquisa incide na relação da liberdade sindical com os principais modelos de organização adotados sob a égide dos direitos humanos fundamentais, bem como nos principais problemas enfrentados em decorrência da aplicação mitigada do referido princípio e na apresentação de medidas positivas. Ademais, propugna-se a imperiosidade de uma reforma capaz de substituir a estrutura sindical vigente, de caracteres expressivamente corporativistas, por uma metodologia consoante aos novos contornos das relações laborais. / I diritti umani acquisito il carattere universale e l\'applicabilità a tutti senza distinzione con la promulgazione della Dichiarazione Universale dei Diritti Umani - DUDU nel 1948, preambolo afferma la preminenza dei diritti umani e delle libertà fondamentali, diretti a tutti i popoli e le nazioni. Poi inizia l\'adesione di diversi paesi al testo della dichiarazione, al fine di tutelare l\'ordine costituzionale interno e la dedizione della dignità della persona umana. Per quanto riguarda le libertà, il diritto collettivo di lavoro, c\'è la manifestazione del principio (a destra) di libertà, secondo la Dichiarazione, \"ogni uomo ha il diritto di organizzare sindacati e di unirsi a loro per proteggere i loro interessi.\" Questo principio può essere intravisto in altri strumenti internazionali, in particolare in alcune convenzioni dell\'Organizzazione Internazionale del Lavoro - ILO. Brasile ha ratificato la Dichiarazione universale dei diritti dell\'uomo e delle convenzioni dell\'OIL, tuttavia, in Brasile, prevale l\'applicazione del modello di sindacato chiamato unità, il che rende l\'esistenza unica di un organo di rappresentanza di categoria professionale o economica dello stesso territorio . Così, il tema della ricerca si concentra sul rapporto tra libertà di associazione con i principali modelli di organizzazione adottati sotto l\'egida dei diritti umani fondamentali, così come i principali problemi che devono affrontare a causa della applicazione mitigato il principio e la presentazione di misure positive. Inoltre, sostiene di imperiosità di una riforma in grado di sostituire la struttura sindacale esistente, in modo significativo carattere corporativo, con una metodologia consonante ai nuovi contorni di rapporti de lavoro.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina Cintra Machaczek.pdf: 1460796 bytes, checksum: bf788c0112565496996ae62d21b3ad23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation studies the importance of and need for freedom of trade unions as foreseen in Convention 87 of the International Labor Organization. By means of a historical digression the role and relevance of that organization and some aspects of the unions organization are considered with, as well as the legal and supra-legal barriers that hinder the implementation of the unions freedom in Brazil. Using a legal and philosophical approach, the question of freedom will be based, on the reflections of Hannah Arendt in her books The Human Condition and Between Past and Future , as well on the contribution of other authors / Esta dissertação estuda a importância e necessidade da liberdade sindical preconizada na Convenção 87 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho. Por meio de uma digressão histórica abordamos o papel e relevância dessa Organização e alguns aspectos da organização sindical, assim como as barreiras de ordem legal e supra legal que impossibilitam a implementação da liberdade sindical no Brasil. A questão da liberdade será fundamentada sob o enfoque jurídico e filosófico contido, nas reflexões de Hannah Arendt a partir de suas obras: A Condição Humana e Entre o Passado e o Futuro , e também com a contribuição de outros autores

In simultaneously pursuing commercial and social goals, specialist microfinance organisations (MFOs) are leading examples of social enterprises working in development. Yet evidence of the feasibility of such ‘double bottom line’ management is limited. The thesis takes a comparative case study approach to investigating the dynamics of a social enterprise model of microfinance, with particular emphasis on its role in promoting employment related goals. Case study material consists primarily of the experience of two Central Asian MFOs that participated in an action research project ‘Microfinance for Decent Work’ implemented by the International Labour Organisation (ILO). Data was obtained through participant observation, staff interviews, client level surveys, and it also includes reflective practice arising from my participation in the ILO project as a consultant to both MFOs between 2008 and 2012. The findings are mixed. One of the MFOs was more strongly internally motivated to achieve social goals, and was more successful in implementing social performance management initiatives. The other was motivated more by the goal to demonstrate social performance to external stakeholders, and was less responsive to the evidence generated. The thesis also illustrates both path dependence in the evolution of social performance management, and the limited capacity of external agencies such as the ILO to influence the institutionalisation of development management within MFOs.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Aparecida Rigato.pdf: 777298 bytes, checksum: 728249611a9c8dcb2ac49805ab80436d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study has as an objective to analyze the International Labour Organization (ILO) plot in the international community regarding human trafficking confrontation, by considering the transnational organized crime of human trafficking, in all its modalities, listed in Palermo Protocol, as an impediment to world peace, and mainly these actions reflexes in Brazil. For this purpose, it was taken as a start point, specially from Kant's understanding of Peace and human rights' effectiveness, the principles and fundamental rights in labour, the social rights, a reasoning surrounding the seeking for peace, its understanding as a human right and how great its effectiveness can be (the most durable) having no social justice as an International Labour Organization purpose. This, is an example to be followed in this crime's confrotation by its Conventions, Recommendations, Resolutions and publications in the numerous material Offices around the globe. As to Brazilian reality, the difference between human trafficking and smuggling will be explained so that it is possible to understand human trafficking global and interamerican situations. And, consequently, how to confront it based on its "Guide Protocol" and if relevant, not only to present such ILO's reflexes in Brazil, whatever being political, normative, but also to analyze them with a backing on Palermo Protocol and current international and national legislations which directly or indirectly involve the proposed theme / O estudo em questão objetiva analisar o papel da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) na comunidade internacional no tocante ao enfrentamento do tráfico de pessoas, ao considerar o crime transacional organizado do tráfico de pessoas, em todas as suas modalidades, elencadas no Protocolo de Palermo, um óbice para a paz mundial, principalmente os reflexos dessa atuação no Brasil. Para tanto, partiu-se, em especial do entendimento de Kant sobre a Paz e da efetividade dos direitos humanos, dos princípios e direitos fundamentais no trabalho e dos direitos sociais, de um raciocínio em torno da busca da paz, de seu entendimento como direito humano e o quão longínqua se torna sua efetividade (quanto mais durabilidade), se não houver a justiça social como um dos fins da Organização Internacional do Trabalho. Essa como exemplo a ser seguido no enfrentamento a tal crime por meio de suas Convenções, Recomendações, Resoluções e publicações nos diversos Escritórios físicos espalhados pelo globo. Quanto à realidade brasileira, a diferença entre tráfico de pessoas e de migrantes será explicitada para, assim, dar ensejo ao entendimento da situação global e interamericana do tráfico de pessoas. E, consequentemente, como enfrentá-lo de acordo com o seu Protocolo-guia , e se pertinente for, não só apresentar tais reflexos da OIT no Brasil, quais sejam políticos, normativos, mas analisá-los com o respaldo do Protocolo de Palermo e da legislação internacional e nacional vigente que direta ou indiretamente envolva o tema proposto

A migração internacional a trabalho insere-se em um contexto global e nacional, demandando o conhecimento das normas que regem o tema em questão. Em razão disso, o presente estudo tem como objetivo geral verificar a influência da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) na legislação migratória brasileira e se as diretrizes desse organismo são suficientes para a tutela do trabalhador migrante, levando-se em conta o Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. O trabalho se utiliza da investigação dogmática, valendo-se das pesquisas bibliográfica - com a leitura de obras concernentes ao tema - e documental - com o levantamento das diretrizes nacionais e internacionais a partir do ano de 1980, período em que estava em vigor o Estatuto do Estrangeiro, até o advento da Lei nº 13.445/2017. Após o levantamento bibliográfico e documental, é feita uma análise entre os contextos internacional e interno, sugerindo-se o cumprimento das diretrizes internacionais por parte do Brasil, além da necessidade de se adotar uma postura ética em relação ao migrante a trabalho, tendo em vista este se tratar de sujeito de direitos. / International labor migration is part of a global and national context, demanding the knowledge of the norms that govern the theme in question. Because of this, the present study has as general objective to verify the influence of the International Labor Organization (ILO) on Brazilian migratory legislation and if the guidelines of this organization are sufficient for the protection of the migrant worker, taking into account Human Rights Labor Law. The study is based on dogmatic investigation, using bibliographical research - with the reading of works on the subject - and documentary - with the survey of national and international guidelines from 1980, when the Statute of the Foreigner was in force until the advent of Law No. 13,445/2017. After the bibliographical and documentary research, an analysis between the international and internal spheres is carried out, suggesting the fulfillment of international guidelines by Brazil, in addition to the need to adopt an ethical stance towards the migrant worker, given the fact they are considered subjects of rights.

Les relations de travail et d'emploi sont devenues des enjeux importants en Chine. La Chine a ratifié 25 conventions internationales du travail et a travaillé en étroite collaboration avec l'OIT pour améliorer la sécurité et la santé au travail. Malgré ces efforts, la Chine est souvent critiquée pour des violations du travail. Face à ces problèmes, un système législatif d'administration de travail a été développé au niveau national. Mais l’application de ces règlements demeure problématique.. En particulier, les difficultés rencontrées par les inspecteurs du travail dans l'application de ces lois constituent un élément clé du problème. Notre mémoire s'intéresse essentiellement au rôle de l'inspecteur du travail dans l'administration publique de la sécurité du travail en Chine. Ces fonctionnaires jouent un rôle important et peuvent parfois exercer leur discrétion en tant qu'acteurs de première ligne, faisant d'eux de vrais décideurs politiques. Par conséquent, la compréhension de leur rôle et de leur discrétion dans l'application des normes du travail en Chine est cruciale. Notre mémoire est centré sur une étude de cas qualitative d'un bureau d'inspection du travail dans la région de Beijing. Dans le cadre de notre recherche nous avons examiné le rôle des inspecteurs du travail au moyen d’entretiens semi-structurés, d’une recherche documentaire ainsi qu’à l’occasion d’une brève observation des inspecteurs sur lors de la visite d’un lieu de travail. Les résultats démontrent que la définition du pouvoir discrétionnaire des inspecteurs du travail de première ligne en Chine est un enjeu très complexe. L’étude de cas permet cependant d’élaborer un cadre permettant l’identification des facteurs critiques déterminants pour l'évaluation et la compréhension de la nature du pouvoir discrétionnaire de l'inspecteur du travail en application de la loi. / Labour and employment relations have become important issues in China. China has ratified 25 international labour conventions and has worked closely with the ILO to improve occupational safety and health. Despite these efforts, China is often criticized for labour violations. China has in response built a relatively complete legal and regulatory picture of labour regulations nationwide. The problem facing China today is enforcing these laws and regulations. A key part of this problem is the critical question of examining the challenges faced by labour inspectors in implementing these laws. This research project focuses on the role of labour inspection in the public administration of work safety in China. These public servants play an important role and may at times exercise their own discretion as street-level actors, making them the real policy decision makers. Consequently, understanding their role and discretion in the application of labour standards in China is crucial. This research is a qualitative case study of one labour inspection office in the Beijing area and examines the role of labour inspectors through semi-structured interviews, documents, and a brief observation of labour inspectors on-the-job. The results indicate that defining the discretionary power of street-level labour inspectors in China is a very complex task, but a framework is developed through this case study to identify critical issues important to evaluating and understanding the nature of street-level labour inspector discretion in enforcement.

L’objectif de cette étude consiste à déterminer si les conventions de l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT) sont effectives en ce qui concerne l’éradication du travail des enfants en Mauritanie. Cette effectivité est appréciée en mesurant la réception juridique et la réception sociale en Mauritanie de la Convention 29 sur le travail forcé, de la Convention 138 sur l’âge minimum d’admission à l’emploi et de la Convention 182 sur les pires formes de travail des enfants. La réception juridique des conventions est mesurée par un examen de l’intégration de leurs dispositions dans le droit national mauritanien. La réception juridique comprend également l’appréciation du contrôle du respect des conventions en territoire mauritanien. La réception sociale fait référence, quant à elle, aux stratégies de mise en œuvre des conventions de l’OIT par le Gouvernement mauritanien à travers ses programmes et ses politiques. Notre analyse démontre que l’effectivité des Conventions 29, 138 et 182 de l’OIT en ce qui concerne l’éradication du travail des enfants en Mauritanie est, selon nous, partielle. Dans l’ensemble, la situation tend à s’améliorer et le Gouvernement mauritanien tente de respecter l’esprit de ces conventions et de leur faire écho dans le droit national. Toutefois, il n’existe pas beaucoup d’information sur l’impact des programmes mis en place pour éradiquer le travail des enfants. / The objective of this study is to determine whether the International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions are effective in the eradication of child labour in Mauritania. Such effectivity is assessed by measuring the legal reception and the social reception in Mauritania of the Convention 29 on Forced Labour, the Convention 138 on Minimum Age for Admission to Employment, and the Convention 182 on the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour. The legal reception is measured by a review of the integration of their provisions into Mauritanian law. The legal reception also includes the assessment of the monitoring of compliance with the conventions in Mauritania. The social reception refers, for its part, to the strategies taken by the Mauritanian government to implement ILO Conventions, notably through its programs and policies. Our analysis shows that the effectivity of Conventions 29, 138 and 182 regarding the eradication of child labour in Mauritania are, in our view, partial. Overall, the situation is improving and the Mauritanian government tries to respect the spirit of these conventions and incorporate them in the national law. However, there is not much information available on the impact of the programs in place to eradicate child labour.

Thesis (MComm) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study, existing data were used to conduct a descriptive research study into the adherence or lack thereof - in varying degrees - of South African companies to the ten key principles of the International Labour Organisation's Code of Practice on HIV/AIDS and the world of work with regard to HIV/AIDS workplace policy content. The research showed that most policies prohibit pre-employment testing and make provisions for job security, protection from discrimination, and ensuring confidentiality. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om die mate waartoe ondernemings hulle onderwerp aan die ILO voorskrifte te toets. Resultate toon daarop dat verskeie ondernemings reeds gedeeltelik daaraan voldoen, maar dat daar nog verskeie aspekte van die Kode is wat in Suid-Afrikaanse onderneming in werking gestel moet word.