Student Number : 0303239 - MA research report - School of English - Faculty of Humanities / This component comprises a volume of ekphrastic poems followed by a theoretical postscript. The poems were influenced either by individual works of art or by a particular artist’s work in general. The postscript examines the nature of ekphrasis. It also discusses the connection between my poems and the artworks that inspired them relating this to existing ekphrastic theory and to my writing process. The poems appear in a separate collection followed by reproductions of the relevant works.

The thesis is aimed on hydromorphological assessment with usage of distance data. The distance method QuaWaDis is defined and the usage of results of image processing within the hydromorphological assessment is considered. The aim of the assessment is classification of hydromorphological conditions of water bodies according to Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. Distance method is based on visual interpretation of public data. Image processing results can extend the number of parameters of the distance method - object based classification was applied on aerial imagery (in land cover classification), unsupervised classification and image reclassification was applied on multispectral satellite data (in water depths classification). The calibration of distance method and the credibility of the distance data was evaluated in comparison with results of field survey EcoRivHab (Matoušková, 2008). Object based image processing was aimed on accuracy assessment, index of efficiency was defined and the concept of fuzzy logic was applied in accuracy assessment. From consideration of classification efficiency is obvious, that large internally heterogeneous objecs is more effectivelly to vectorise manually. Accuracy assessment with usage of concept of fuzzy logic shows the success of object recognition within each...

Com uma grande diversidade climática, 13% de toda a água doce do mundo em seu território, abundância na energia solar e chuvas regulares, o Brasil é um país favorável para o desenvolvimento da agropecuária. Segundo o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) as vendas do setor do Agronegócio brasileiro, de janeiro até julho de 2016, alcançaram US$ 52,8 bilhões, respondendo por 49% de todas as exportações do país. Dois produtos que contribuem decisivamente para este sucesso são a soja e a laranja, onde o Brasil se enquadra como grande produtor e exportador. Um fator que pode comprometer o crescimento do setor do agronegócio são as pragas e doenças. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas técnicas de imagens e espectroscopia de fluorescência como ferramentas de diagnóstico de doenças e fenotipagem. As culturas estudadas, por sua relevância econômica, foram os citros e a soja. Foram investigadas folhas de laranja sadias e doentes com Huanglongbing (HLB), conhecida também como Greening e folhas de soja sadias e doentes com Green StemandFoliar Retention (GSFR), popularmente conhecida como Soja Louca II. Com base em descritores retirados dos espectros e das imagens foram desenvolvidos classificadores utilizando-se a Regressão por Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLSR). O desempenho dos classificadores para diferenciar folhas de soja doentes de folhas sadias alcançou 99% para o sistema de espectroscopia de fluorescência e 100% para o sistema de Imagens de Fluorescência. Já com o sistema de imagens de Refletância com Luz Polarizada o acerto na classificação correta entre folhas de laranja sadias e com HLB foi de 84%. Também foi estudada a possibilidade de utilização de imagens termais em diferentes situações de estresse hídrico e nutricional. Através deste sistema foi possível detectar plantas em condições de estresses hídricos decorridos dois dias após o corte de água. As técnicas acima mencionadas também foram testadas para fenotipagem de plantas. Foram analisadas 20 variedades diferentes de citros e 3 de soja. A taxa de acerto na diferenciação de citros geneticamente muito próximos ficou em torno de 63% e para soja foi alcançado 95%, isso quando empregado o sistema de espectroscopia de fluorescência. Com base nesses resultados é possível afirmar que as técnicasfotônicas combinadas com os modelos classificadores, podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas para diagnosticar as doenças, como a GSFR e o HLB, e avaliar diferentes tipos de estresse abiótico. Elas também podem ser utilizadas para diferenciar variedades de plantas, mesmo no caso de variedades muito próximas geneticamente, onde as técnicas tradicionais não são capazes de fazê-lo. Os resultados apresentados foram promissores e podem, em um futuro próximo, gerar sistemas portáteis que devem auxiliar os produtores no campo. / With a great climatic diversity, 13% of all the fresh water of the world in its territory, abundance in solar energy and regular rains, Brazil is a favorable country for the development of agriculture. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply (MAPA), sales of the Brazilian Agribusiness sector, from January to July 2016, reached US$ 52.8 billion, accounting for 49% of all Brazilian exports. Two products that contribute decisively to this success are soy and orange, where Brazil is a major producer and exporter. One factor that can jeopardize the growth of the agribusiness sector is pests and diseases. In this work, fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging techniques were used as tools for the diagnosis of diseases and phenotyping. The crops studied, because of their economic relevance, were citrus and soybean. Healthy and infected leaves with Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as Greening, and healthy and infected leaves with Green Stem and Foliar Retention (GSFR), popularly known as Mad Soybean II, were investigated. Based on descriptors taken from spectra and images, classifiers were developed using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). The performance of the classifiers to differentiate diseased leaves from healthy leaves reached 99% for the fluorescence spectroscopy system and 100% for the Fluorescence Imaging system. The success rate of classification for the system using polarized reflectance images reached 84%. We also studied the possibility of using thermal images in different situations of water and nutritional stress. Through this system, it was possible to detect plants in conditions of water stress after two days of water cut. The techniques above mentioned were also tested for plant phenotyping. Twenty different citrus and three soybean varieties were analyzed. The success rate of the differentiation using fluorescence spectroscopy for very close citrus was around 63% and for soybean was reached 95%. Based on these results it is possible to conclude that the photonic techniques combined with the classifier models can be used as tools to diagnose diseases such as GSFR and HLB and to evaluate different types of abiotic stress. They can also be used to differentiate plant varieties, even in the case of very closely varieties, where traditional techniques are not able to carry out. The results presented were promising and may, in the near future, generate portable systems that should assist farmers in the field.

Ce travail de recherche porte sur les liens qu'entretiennent l'animal et la mode, au prisme d'une étude iconographique orientée par une approche pluridisciplinaire. Entre fascination et paradoxes, la mise à contribution de l'animal et de ses attributs – physiques, graphiques, symboliques – sert d'abord les productions matérielles et immatérielles de la mode : les bêtes participent aux stratégies de transfiguration du réel propres à ce secteur économique singulier. Dans le même mouvement, le recours à l'animal apparaît aussi comme le relais esthétisé de représentations normées ; il devient un prétexte pour penser le monde, la nature humaine et ses rapports sociaux. Ainsi, tout en suivant la dynamique contemporaine d'engouement pour une Wilderness fantasmée, l'iconographie de la mode participe aux réécritures actuelles de ce qui fait l'humain. Néanmoins, les images de mode jouent un rôle dans les réévaluations et les négociations croissantes des frontières qui séparent les membres du vivant. En développant un travail spécifique autour du corps et de ses parures, elles proposent une voie alternative pour reconsidérer une altérité animale aux contours de plus en plus poreux. Il s'agit donc d'observer comment les formes visuelles de la mode et de son imaginaire traduisent la complexité de relations anthropozoologiques contemporaines en pleine mutation. / This research explores the connections between fashion and the animal, by means of an iconographic study guided by a multidisciplinary approach. Raising fascination and paradoxes, the use of the animal and its attributes – physical, graphical, symbolic – benefits, in the first place, material and symbolic fashion’s productions : animals are involved in the transfiguration-of-reality strategies peculiar to the unique economic sector that is fashion industry. At the same time, animals appear to be an efficient and aesthetic way of representing human activity : they are a tool to rethink the world, human nature and social relationships. Thus, involved in the general contemporary dynamics of keen interest for a fantasized Wilderness, the fashion iconography contributes to the current rewriting of human definition. Nevertheless, fashion pictures play a part in the growing negotiation of boundaries between members of the biological field. By developing a specific work on the human body an its fineries, they offer an alternative path to the reconsideration of an animal otherness whose borders seem more permeable everyday. This work is an attempt to examine how fashion's visual forms and imaginary express the contemporary complexity of far-changing anthropozoologic interactions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:22:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TATIANA LUIZA SOUZA COELHO.pdf: 8309127 bytes, checksum: 314081882ada7cec79035bf9c8ca04d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-08 / In this study we try to explain the tension of speeches set out the cartoons of Ziraldo in the journal O Pasquim during the seventies, in contrast to the feminist discourse that articulates the same period. Housed in a conservative modernization process experienced by the country, feminists politicized public and private shifting the design of the shaft being a woman, tied historically to motherhood, the private sphere and marriage. In fiscal analysis of the cartoons of Ziraldo, they have raised some questions, and that , from the sensitivity and experience the look, invites us to a sharper interpretation by the ( the ) historian ( or ) images. Then we propose the reading of the features of the cartoons of Ziraldo, that give to be read as texts, where traces , scratches and scribbles are given as significant , and that from the perspective of gender, reveal themselves as powerful meanings. / Neste estudo procuramos explicitar a tensão dos discursos enunciados pelas charges de Ziraldo no periódico O Pasquim durante a década de setenta, em contrapartida com o discurso feminista que se articula nesse mesmo período. Inserido no processo de uma conservadora modernização vivenciado pelo país, as feministas politizam o público e o privado deslocando o eixo da concepção do ser mulher, atrelado historicamente à maternidade, à esfera privada e ao casamento. No exercício de análise das charges de Ziraldo, foram suscitados alguns questionamentos, e que, a partir da sensibilidade e experiência do olhar, nos convida a uma interpretação mais aguçada por parte da (do) historiadora (or) de imagens. Propomos então a leitura dos traços das charges de Ziraldo, que dão a ser lidos como textos, onde traços, riscos e rabiscos se dão como significantes, e que sob a ótica de gênero, revelam-se como poderosos significados.

Many people view climate change as one of the top issues facing the world today. As a result, a better understanding of how climate change messages are communicated has become increasingly important. Additionally, with the progression of today’s society into that of highly-visual culture, opportunities for the investigation at the intersection of climate change and visual content would be of great benefit to academia and society, as a whole. More specifically, providing insight into how climate change visuals are framed and what their relationship is to emotions would support visual framing theory and present opportunities to strengthen climate change messaging in the future. Taking a quantitative approach, this research deploys experimental design to test hypotheses and answer research questions on the relationships among three climate change visual frames (causes, impacts, solutions), emotional experience, and climate change salience. In addition, to attempt to provide further insight into these relationships, the personality traits neuroticism and extraversion are tested as moderators. A sample provided from Amazon Mechanical Turk (n = 289) was evenly disturbed between three experimental conditions, each representative of one of the climate change visual frames. Statistical analysis was then utilized to generate results in response to hypotheses one thru eleven and research questions one and two. The findings from this study show that climate change visual frames each generate specific emotional experiences upon viewing. The causes and impacts climate change visual frames result in a negative emotional experience, while the solutions climate change visual frame generates a positive emotional experience. However, this research found no support for the personality traits neuroticism or extraversion playing a role in that response. Similarly, there was no connection found between emotional experience and climate change salience. The findings of this research, however, ultimately support the effectiveness of climate change visual frames without their traditional accompanying text, in the form of a caption or story, and contribute to visual framing theory. Considering the effectiveness of stand-alone climate change visual frames in generating positive and negative emotional experiences can prove useful for practitioners in the creation of future climate change content.

Time-lapse fluorescence live cell imaging has been widely used to study various dynamic processes in cell biology. As the initial step of image analysis, it is important to localize and segment cell edges with higher accuracy. However, fluorescence live-cell images usually have issues such as low contrast, noises, uneven illumination in comparison to immunofluorescence images. Deep convolutional neural networks, which learn features directly from training images, have successfully been applied in natural image analysis problems. However, the limited amount of training samples prevents their routine application in fluorescence live-cell image analysis. In this thesis, by exploiting the temporal coherence in time-lapse movies together with VGG-16 [1] pre-trained model, we demonstrate that we can train a deep neural network using a limited number of image frames to segment the entire time-lapse movies. We propose a novel framework, vU-net, which combines the advantages of VGG-16 [1] in feature extraction and U-net [2] in feature reconstruction. Moreover, we design an auxiliary convolutional block at the end of the architecture to enhance edge detection. We evaluate our framework using dice coefficient and the distance between the predicted edge and the ground truth on high-resolution image datasets of an adhesion marker, paxillin, acquired by a Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) microscope. Our results demonstrate that, on difficult datasets: (i) The testing dice coefficient of vU-net is 3.2% higher than U-net with the same amount of training images. (ii) vU-net can achieve the best prediction results of U-net with one third of training images needed by U-net. (iii) vU-net produces more robust prediction than U-net. Therefore, vU-net can be more practically applied to challenging live cell movies than U-net since it requires a small size of training sets and achieved accurate segmentation.

The traditional view of vision is that neurons in early cortical areas process information about simple features (e.g. orientation and spatial frequency) in small, spatially localised regions of visual space (the neuron's receptive field). This piecemeal information is then fed-forward into later stages of the visual system where it gets combined to form coherent and meaningful global (higher-level) representations. The overall aim of this thesis is to examine and quantify this higher level processing; how we encode global features in natural images and to understand the extent to which our perception of these global representations is determined by the local features within images. Using the tilt after-effect as a tool, the first chapter examined the processing of a low level, local feature and found that the orientation of a sinusoidal grating could be encoded in both a retinally and spatially non-specific manner. Chapter 2 then examined these tilt aftereffects to the global orientation of the image (i.e., uprightness). We found that image uprightness was also encoded in a retinally / spatially non-specific manner, but that this global property could be processed largely independently of its local orientation content. Chapter 3 investigated if our increased sensitivity to cardinal (vertical and horizontal) structures compared to inter-cardinal (45° and 135° clockwise of vertical) structures, influenced classification of unambiguous natural images. Participants required relatively less contrast to classify images when they retained near-cardinal as compared to near-inter-cardinal structures. Finally, in chapter 4, we examined category classification when images were ambiguous. Observers were biased to classify ambiguous images, created by combining structures from two distinct image categories, as carpentered (e.g., a house). This could not be explained by differences in sensitivity to local structures and is most likely the result of our long-term exposure to city views. Overall, these results show that higher-level representations are not fully dependent on the lower level features within an image. Furthermore, our knowledge about the environment influences the extent to which we use local features to rapidly identify an image.

Esta dissertação buscou entender como o processo de leitura da linguagem visual pode se expandir, por meio das relações que se estabelecem entre o eu - fotógrafo e o objeto a ser fotografado, através de um curso denominado Oficina de Fotografia. Adotou-se como referencial teórico os estudos de Paulo Freire sobre educação; de Ana Mae Barbosa sobre leitura de imagens; de María Acaso sobre educação visual; e de Joan Fontcuberta sobre a linguagem fotográfica. Para tal, constituiu-se um Grupo Focal com alunos de diferentes idades e profissões que haviam realizado o curso Oficina de Fotografia. Os depoimentos coletados constituem o corpus de análise dessa pesquisa. O método do Grupo Focal diz respeito à abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, que procura conhecer o que os sujeitos envolvidos em uma determinada situação ou evento pensam a respeito de um tema proposto pelo pesquisador. Os resultados obtidos a partir da análise das entrevistas demonstram que os alunos passaram a ter uma leitura mais criteriosa não só das imagens fotográficas como também da linguagem visual em cenas cotidianas, após realizarem a Oficina de Fotografia. / This dissertation aimed to understand how the process of reading visual language can be expand by the relations that are established between the photographer itself and the object to be photographed in a course called Workshop of Photography. As theoretical reference it was used the studies from Paulo Freire about education; from Ana Mae Barbosa about images reading; from María Acaso about visual education; and from Joan Fontcuberta about photographic language. A Focus Group was organized with subjects from different ages and professions that had already attended the Workshop of Photography. The statements collected constitute the corpus of analysis of this research. The Focus Group is applied in a qualitative research methodology that aims to know what the subjects, involved in a particular situation or event, think about an issue suggested by the researcher. The obtained results based on an analysis from the interviews showed that the subjects, after attending the Workshop of Photography, have achieved a more discerning reading not only of the photographic images, but also from the visual language in everyday life scenes.

Esta dissertação está inserida no âmbito do estudo das imagens em livros didáticos de História. A partir da coleção História em Movimento (2014), pertencente ao Programa Nacional do Livro Didático 2015 (PNLD) para o Ensino Médio, investiguei um registro imagético específico, nesse caso, as reproduções de obras de arte. Busquei compreender de que modo essa coleção articula saberes históricos com saberes artísticos, identificando e refletindo sobre as estratégias pedagógicas e metodológicas utilizadas para tal, bem como sobre as relações entre o ensino de História e o de Artes Visuais. Para tanto, me detive na análise documental do Edital de Convocação para o processo de inscrição e avaliação de obras didáticas para o PNLD 2015 Ensino Médio (01/2013), no exame do Manual do Professor da coleção História em Movimento, na realização e na análise de um levantamento quantitativo dos registros imagéticos e artísticos que compõem a referida coleção e na investigação de uma seção específica – Olho Vivo. A pesquisa demonstra que a presença de registros imagéticos e, particularmente, de reproduções de obras de arte em coleções didáticas é fruto de uma série de fatores ligados a demandas educacionais específicas. No caso da coleção História em Movimento, as reproduções de obras de arte são utilizadas na medida em que tematizam representações de personagens e indivíduos históricos, sendo interpretadas enquanto símbolos e alegorias que possuem significados específicos a serem decifrados. / This dissertation inserts itself in the scope of the study of images in History textbooks. Based on the História em Movimento collection (2014), which belongs to the 2015 National Textbook Program (PNLD) for High Schools, I have investigated a specific imagetic record, in this case, the reproductions of artworks. I have tried to understand how this collection articulates both historic and artistic knowledge, identifying and reflecting on the pedagogical strategies and methodologies used for doing so, as well as the relations between History and Visual Arts teaching. Hence, I have focused on the documental analysis of the convocation public notice for the process of enrollment and evaluation of textbooks for the 2015 National Textbook Program for High School (01/2013), on the examination of the teacher’s manual of the História em Movimento collection, on the realization and analysis of a quantitative survey of the imagetic and artistic records that compose the referred collection and on the investigation of a specific section - Olho Vivo. The research shows that the presence of imagetic records and, particularly, of artwork reproductions in textbook collections is the outcome of a series of factors connected to specific educational demands. In the História em Movimento collection, the artwork reproductions are used as far as they conceptualize representations of characters and historical individuals, being interpreted as symbols and allegories which have specific meanings and need to be deciphered.