With respect to art, we mainly discuss the issue of 'space', and we generally believe that there exists the so-called 'art-space'. However, Heidegger considers art in a very different way which is phenomenological. With phenomenological reduction, he reinterprets how the art-space exists, and he also endows art with a brand new meaning, that is, ¡§opening¡¨ , which is the way one expresses oneself. Nonetheless, Heidegger explains art in a dialectical way, that is to say, the negative way. However, that is the reason for Chinese landscape painting to be painted. In this essay, I try to yield further evidence for Heidegger 's theory, by investigating into Chinese landscape painting. The 'art-space' is hidden by the 'blank' spot of the landscape painting, so it is not emptiness, but gathering 'space', 'space itself', and 'light' into a whole; at the same time, it shows truth, which is lived truth. The 'art-space' does not come from imitating, but from a 'text-space' between likeness and unlikeness.

Reverse engineering (extracting information about a product from the product itself) is a competitive strategy for many firms and is often costly to innovators. Recent research has proven metrics for estimating the reverse engineering time and barrier and has shown that products can strategically be made more difficult to reverse engineer, thus protecting the innovator. Reverse engineering, however, is only the first phase of attempting to duplicate a product. Imitating – the process of discovering how to physically reproduce the performance of the reverse engineered product in one or more of its performance areas – is the second and final phase. This thesis presents metrics for the time and barrier to imitating and shows how they can be joined with reverse engineering metrics to estimate a total time and total barrier to duplicate a product. As there is a cost associated with the design of barriers to reverse engineering and in imitating it is important that a return on investment analysis be performed to ensure a profitable endeavor. Details of such an analysis are presented here. To illustrate the methodology, two case studies are presented. The first is an analysis of KithcenAid's Stand Mixer. The second is an analysis of a cantilevered "L-beam" that has been structurally optimized under four conditions to achieve a specified mechanical performance. Additionally, anecdotal solutions to creating barriers to reverse engineering and imitating are discussed throughout.

Mimesis - Imitatio in the Authentic Letters of the Apostle Paul The first part of the thesis provides the reader with a concise overview of different semantic levels of the term mimesis as found in the ancient literature written in the Greek language. Furthermore, the author focuses her attention on the use of the concept of mimesis in the Old Testament, and the New Testament writings other than Paul's authentic letters. Such a survey prepares the ground for a detailed study of the concept of mimesis in the authentic letters written by the Apostle Paul. The idea of mimesis is present in Paul's authentic letters in five explicit passages (1 Tess 1:6-7; 1 Tess 2:14; 1 Cor 4:16; 1 Cor 11:1 a Phil 3:17). Each of the passages is studied within the whole context of the respective letter, written for a group living its own particular situation. The thesis compares different exegetical solutions from several researchers. Some of the researchers understand Paul's appeal to imitation as a call to be obedient to his teaching. Other experts are more inclined to understand this imitation as an authentic representation of the Cross in the life of Jesus' followers. The thesis tries to prove that the mystery of Christ's kenosis, expressed in a very significant way in the Christological hymn contained in the Letter to the...

Depuis l’introduction de la compétence Apprécier les œuvres littéraires (MEQ, 2001) parmi les prescriptions ministérielles en 2001, les enseignants du primaire se sentent souvent démunis pour offrir à leurs élèves un enseignement susceptible de soutenir leur apprentissage. C’est pour répondre à ce besoin que cette recherche doctorale développe un outil qui vise à produire une séquence d’activités qui instaurent une relation significative entre la lecture et l’écriture en ciblant la réponse (Rosenblatt, 1938, 1978). Cette entreprise est menée par l’exploitation du texte littéraire au troisième cycle du primaire grâce aux processus d’exploitation transposer et imiter. Ces processus d’exploitation de Montésinos-Gelet (2016) enrichissent le modèle de compréhension en lecture d’Irwin (1986, 2007). Un réseau littéraire portant sur l’œuvre de littérature jeunesse de Simon Boulerice soutient cette entreprise. L’objectif spécifique de cette recherche vise la création d’un tel outil. Sa validation s’est effectuée en deux temps. Tout d’abord, deux experts de la didactique du français commentent l’outil et un enseignant expert met à l’essai le prototype de l’outil. Puis, trois enseignants experts procèdent à une seconde mise à l’essai d’un prototype amélioré. En outre, la visée de cet objectif spécifique est de soutenir l’enseignement de la compétence Apprécier les œuvres littéraires (MEQ, 2001). La validation de cette visée est menée par les quatre enseignants experts en deux étapes : 1) avant d’utiliser l’outil et 2) après l’utilisation de l’outil, grâce à la grille d’analyse Comp.A.S. (Parmentier et Paquay, 2002). L’approche réflexive préside à la collecte des données. L’analyse de journaux de bord est conduite grâce à quatre des cinq composantes du modèle théorique du multi-agenda de Bucheton et Soulé (2009) à savoir, le pilotage des tâches, l’atmosphère, le tissage et l’étayage. L’analyse des grilles est intrinsèque au modèle de Parmentier et Paquay (2002), puisque conçu par les auteurs pour détailler les ingrédients de la construction de compétences. Les résultats mettent de l’avant 1) le peu de modifications à l’outil ; 2) la prédominance, dans le cadre de l’objectif spécifique, de la notion d’étayage sur celle de tissage ; 3) l’inverse pour la visée de l’objectif spécifique, à savoir la prédominance du tissage sur l’étayage. Une superposition des modèles d’analyse est alors envisagée, ce qui fait ressortir la primauté du tissage et la sous-représentation du processus transposer. Lors de la discussion, les relations constituantes de l’outil, à savoir les relations pédagogiques, de transmission et d’appropriation, sont étudiées et également approfondies grâce aux écrits scientifiques, à la lumière des concepts d’instrumentation, de légitimité, de pratiques déclarées et de croyances enseignantes. En guise de conclusion, la nécessité de poursuivre les pistes didactiques qu’offrent les processus d’exploitation (Montésinos-Gelet, 2016) est mise de l’avant, comme se pencher plus spécifiquement sur la formation professionnelle au regard du processus transposer. En outre, porter une attention particulière sur la notion de désétayage semble pertinent. Enfin, dans un contexte ultérieur, envisager de considérer l’analyse des productions des élèves contribuerait à établir les pistes dégagées dans cette recherche. / Since the introduction of Apprécier les œuvres littéraires (MEQ, 2001) competency among ministerial prescriptions in 2001, elementary school teachers often feel powerless to offer their students an education that can support their learning. It is to meet this need that this doctoral research develops a tool that aims to produce a sequence of activities that establish a significant relationship between reading and writing by targeting the response (Rosenblatt, 1938, 1978). This will be done through the exploitation of the literary text in the third cycle at elementary school, and this, thanks to the exploitation processes transpose and imitate. These processes of exploitation (Montésinos-Gelet, 2016) enrich the reading comprehension model of Irwin (1986, 2007). The work of children’s literature by Simon Boulerice as part of a literary network supports this company. The objective of this research is the creation of such a tool. Its validation was done in two stages. First, two experts in French didactic commented on the tool and an expert teacher tested a prototype of the tool. Next, three expert teachers conducted a second test of an improved prototype. This research also aims to support the teaching of the Apprécier les œuvres littéraires (MEQ, 2001) competency. The research was validated by the four expert teachers in two stages: 1) before using the tool and 2) after with the Comp. A.S. (Parmentier and Paquay, 2002). The reflective approach governs the collection of data. Two analytic approaches were undertaken: first, the analysis of logbooks was conducted through four of the five components of the theoretical model of the teacher multi-agenda (Bucheton and Soulé, 2009), namely, driving tasks, atmosphere, knitting and scaffolding. Next, grid analysis was conducted, which is intrinsic to the Parmentier and Paquay (2002) model, since it was designed by the authors to detail the ingredients of competencies construction. The results highlight 1) the few changes to the tool; (2) the predominance, in the context of the objective, of the notion of scaffolding over knitting; 3) the reverse for the purpose of the target of the objective, namely the predominance of knitting over scaffolding. A superposition of analysis models highlights the primacy of knitting and the under-representation of the process transpose. During the discussion, the constituent relations of the tool, namely the pedagogical, transmission and appropriation relations, and also deepened thanks to the scientific literature, drawing on concepts of instrumentation, legitimacy, declared practices and teaching beliefs. In conclusion, the need to continue the didactic path offered by the Montésinos-Gelet (2016) exploitation processes is recommended, such as looking more specifically at the professional development formation for the process transpose. In addition, paying attention to the notion of de-scaffolding seems relevant. Finally, in a future context, considering the analysis the productions of the students would contribute to pursuing the tracks revealed in this research.

創新是否能有助於企業成長與績效提升從過去以來一直是各文獻致力於探討的議題，隨著近年來服務業在各國產值比重有明顯上升的趨勢，許多學者更開始把較無型、較屬於服務業的創新從創新中獨立出來，並稱之為「服務創新」。每家企業的服務創新程度都會隨著企業內部資源與外部環境因素的不同而有所差異，因此本研究將著重在探討企業內外部有哪些因素可能會影響企業發展服務創新，以及在發展服務創新後是否真的能對企業績效表現有著正面的影響。 本研究透過質化的方法對四家台灣的銀行進行深入的訪談，從訪談結果和過去文獻中找出許多影響企業服務創新的因素，這些因素可以被歸納為資源基礎理論所稱的資源，企業透過強化這些內外部的資源將將可在市場上獲得競爭優勢，進而獲得較多的利潤。歸納結果後本研究做出以下論述：就企業內部資源而言（１）企業策略、組織資源與企業網絡、企業風險忍受程度、領導、市場導向皆對企業發展服務創有正面的幫助。（２）資訊科技整合平台應用在銀行業對於服務創新的幫助並不大。（３）就外部因素而言，政府因素、競爭對手模仿創新的能力將不利於企業發展服務創新。（４）企業發展服務創新將可提升整體企業形象與客戶忠誠度，這些都會促使企業績效成長。 　　最後，本研究根據訪談結果與次級資料發現企業內部因素中的組織資源與企業網絡是目前台灣銀行業要發展服務創新致勝的重要關鍵。此外，就企業外部因素來說，台灣目前銀行業的外部環境是不是很有利於服務創新發展，銀行應與政府主管機關多溝通協調，以改善發展環境。 / Whether innovation can affect firm’s performance is an important issue from past literature review. Since service industry become higher share in GDP in many countries, Scholars has departed service innovation from innovation. Every firms have different service innovation level because of different inner and outside resources. Therefore, this research will emphasize on discussing what kind of factors might affect firm to develop service innovation, and whether service innovation can really contribute to firm’s performance. In this research I collect many factors which might affect firms to develop service innovation from deep interviews four banks in Taiwan and past literature review. With those factors, firms can create competitive advantage and earn more profit. And I sort out few proposition as below: (1) If one firm do well at Company Strategy , Network of organizations , Leadership , Risk Tolerance , Market Orientation, then it will develop service innovation better than others firms. (2) IT Integration is not an important factor for developing service innovation in Taiwan’s bank industry. (3) Government Regulation , Competitor Imitate will make disadvantage for developing service innovation. (4) Service innovation will lead better Company Image and Customer Loyalty. Finally, according to the result from interviews and secondary data, I find that Network of organizations is the most important element for bank to get advantage in service innovation. And banks should be more emphasize on reduce disadvantage from external factors.