The objective of this thesis is to better understand the impact of paper and printer types on xerographic print quality. To achieve this objective, commercially printed samples comprising of ten different paper substrates printed using three different xerographic printers were examined. The print quality of these samples was assessed in terms of print microgloss and its nonuniformity, print density, print and gloss mottle, print roughness, and visual ranking. This study showed that print mottle conducted by Fast Fourier Transform produced the best correlation with visual ranking at the size range of 0.1 - 1mm, while print gloss mottle was found to affect print quality regardless of the mottle size. Brightness, opacity, basis weight, gloss 75, and roughness of these paper substrates were found to have the most significant effect on print quality. All of the optical properties of paper included in this analysis showed a strong correlation to print quality.

The purpose of this research study was to investigate the learning of print concepts (PCs) by preschool children at risk for literacy problems using an experimental treatment: explicit, non-evocative print referencing. Children from low socio-economic status (SES) families have been determined to be at-risk for literacy learning problems including a reduced knowledge of print concepts. The study incorporated a multiple group (experimental and control) time series design with persistent insertion of treatment to those subjects who were assigned to the experimental condition. Participants included 25 children at-risk, ages 4:0- 4:11 (years: months) who qualified for pre-school services and for subsidized childcare (low SES). Participants received eligibility pre-testing and a standardized test of print concept knowledge (PCK).The children were randomly assigned to the experimental or control condition. Children in the experimental condition received three treatment sequences of two illustrated story books read to them each day for three days with the adult reader using the experimental treatment of verbal descriptions and gestures to point out PCs. At the end of each treatment sequence the children were tested for PCK. This intermittent testing helped determine which concepts were learned using this treatment and at what level of dosage of the treatment. Children in the control condition were periodically tested for their PCK and only receive the “business as usual” class room references to print. Results of data analysis indicated a significant increase in the learning of print concepts by the children enrolled in the experimental condition compared to those in the control condition and suggested that some print concepts were more easily learned using this intervention than others.

This degree work explores the possibilities of illusory print expressions in fashion design, through the layeringand gathering of opaque and transparent garments. The three-dimensional illusion, in the silhouettes, createan interesting relationship between multiple layering of garment and print. In combination they expressdepth, movement and deception on the human body resulting in an interesting effect that creates an opticalillusion. The discovery of illusionary effect is a result of multiple investigations between diverse prints invarious materials gathered in layers. Depending on which angle the viewer look, different visual illusionsappear and activates the feeling of movement and three-dimensional illusion on the human body. The effectof utilizing different tactility surfaces in the concept of layering is a new visual expression in dressing. Theoutcome should be seen as a motivation to explore and translate things around us by transforming the worldinto a print and decorate it on the body in multiple layers and colors.

The specific area of interest in this work is to explore decon- struction of printed motifs in relation to shape as a method of construction. One of the main objectives of this explo- ration is to change the traditional ways in which designers work with print and material in relation to form. This implies to question the structures currently present within the fashion industry as well as preconceived ideas of existing techniques, their limitations and visual appearances. What is presented in this work is how print and material can be brought forward and make out the foundation of the process. Please note that this does not imply that form comes secondary. Instead the idea is to present a method of working where these different factors have a vital connection and where form is a product of the construction and placement of print motifs. Resulting in form which is dependent on print and in turn, print which is dependent on form.

This diploma thesis deals with the study of 3D printing based on the FDM method. This method focuses on the possibility of using two extruders it means that the composite parts can be printed. This diploma thesis describes the available variants of composite printing currently on the market. Based on the gained knowledge and the availability of 3D printers and software, individual variants of composite parts were printed. A tensile test was performed on these samples to determine the strength characteristics. Additionally, compatibility and adhesion of two selected materials were tested. Based on the testing is made an evaluation of the achieved results, effectiveness and feasibility.

The submitted thesis deals with a study of composite materials and processing them using 3D printing technology. The experimental part of this thesis is focused on the production of test samples with the use of additive technology Fused Deposition Modeling and Continuous Filament Fabrication. The composite samples made of common onyx material, individually reinforced with continuous carbon fiber filaments, kevlar, or fiberglass, were made with Marforged Mark Two 3D printer. The other samples made of PETG PM and PETG CFjet materials were made with Original Prusa i3 MK2S 3D printer. For technological evaluation, a tensile test was performed on samples, following the norm EN ISO 527-2:2012. Based on results obtained from tensile testing, the properties of materials strength and usability are verified and compared. In this work, the production process is proposed, and technical-economic evaluation is made. In conclusion, achieved results and overall benefits of this work are summarised.

CGI är ett av världen största IT-tjänsteföretag med säte i Kanada. I Sverige erbjuder CGI flera tjänster där Business Process Services (BPS) är en av dem. Inom BPS finns grupperingen Data Documenting Services (DDS). DDS:s uppgift är att förmedla meddelanden till och mellan såväl människor som företag, via olika kanaler. Meddelanden som förmedlas i form av fysiska utskrifter, exempelvis administrativ post, hanteras inom tjänsten Printing Services. Administrativ post är till exempel kontrolluppgifter från skatteverket och försäkringsbrev. På Printing Services’ produktionsanläggning i Slagsta Strand söder om Stockholm printas, efterbehandlas och kuverteras drygt 440 miljoner sidor årligen, vilka genererar 150 miljoner försändelser per år. Ledningsgruppen på Printing Services anser att uttaget per investerad timme är för lågt, varför syftet med detta arbete är att utvärdera eventuella problem och identifiera potentiella förbättringar inom produktionen. Arbetets mål har varit att genomföra en kartläggning av verksamheten, utvärdera Printing Services mätmetoder samt identifiera förbättringsförslag inom varje delprocess och prioritera dessa. Resultatet är baserat på praktik, semistrukturerade intervjuer och visuella studier av delprocesserna. Resultatet av arbetet presenteras i form av textbeskrivningar och swimlane-diagram för respektive avdelning, där nuläget och ett potentiellt framtidsläge beskrivs. De identifierade förbättringsförslagen prioriteras i en PICK-matris. Slutsatserna som dragits under examensarbetet är censurerade. Nyckelord: Lean, Värdeflödesanalys, Print, Kuvertering / CGI is based in Canada and is one of the world’s largest IT service companies. CGI provides the Swedish market with several services including Business Process Services (BPS). Within BPS is Data Documenting Services (DDS). DDS’s main task is to communicate messages through various channels both directly to, and between, people and enterprises. DDS has a service called Printing Services that is responsible for all physical printouts. Printing Services is located in Slagsta Strand, an area south of Stockholm. At this facility more than 440 million pages are printed, post processed, and enveloped annually which generates around 150 million postal items each year. The management team of Printing Services considers the production rate to be unsatisfactory; therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate this problem and to identify potential improvements in the production. The goals of the thesis have been to conduct a Value Stream Mapping of Printing Services, evaluate Printing Services’ performance measurements, and provide suggestions for improvements and order of priority. The gathering of information, as a base for the thesis, was done by performing internships at Printing Services divisions, semi-structured interviews, and visual studies of sub-processes. The results of the thesis describe the present and the future state of Printing Services, presented in text and swimlane diagrams, with a prioritization of the suggestions for improvements in a PICK-matrix. The conclusions are censored. Keywords: Lean, Value Stream Mapping, Print, Enveloping

I dagsläget har 3D-skrivning blivit en stor del av vårt samhälle. Vi använder 3D-skarvarna för att bygga allt från dekorationer till proteser. Det mest populära materialet för 3D-skrivning är PLA. Den är lätt att smälta och använda och den är enkel att producera. Med ökade popularitet av 3D-skrivning ökar också avfallet från dessa skrivare. Enlig statistik så kan upp till 40% av filamentsmassan som används omvandlas till avfall, som slängas bort. Under detta examensarbete kommer jag att beskriva olika metoder för hantering av PLA-avfall. Med stort fokus på metoder för materialåtervinning, som skulle ge oss förmågan att använda materialet igen. Huvudmetoden för att återvinn materialet ur PLA-avfall är att använda en extruder, för att smälta ner avfallet och pressa ut ny filamenttråd. För att få en extruder för hemmabruk så erbjuder marknaden några färdiga lösningar, eller så kan man köpa komponenter och bygga en egen modell. Fast marknaden för extruderkomponenter är mest orienterad för att samarbeta med producenter och inte med privatpersoner. Majoriteten av komponenter måste antingen anpassas med tunga maskiner för metallbearbetning eller ha begränsad funktionalitet. Som resultat får man ett högre pris jämfört med en färdig variant. Självklar materialåtervinning är inte den enda variant man kan också återvinna mineraler för att ge näring till växter och naturen eller återvinna energi genom att förbränna material. I rapporten jämför jag alla varianter som är tillgängliga för återvinning av PLA i dagsläget, med avseende på kostnader och miljöpåverkan. Och även med avseendet av behovet på campus KTH Södertälje, beskriver jag varför vissa lösningar är bättre än de andra. / Nowadays, 3D writing has become a large part of our society. We use the 3D joints to build everything from decorations to prostheses. The most popular material for 3D printing is PLA. It is easy to melt and use and it is easy to produce. With the increased popularity of 3D printing, waste from these printers is also increasing. According to statistics, up to 40% of the filament mass used can be converted into waste that must be thrown away. During the degree project, I describe various methods for handling PLA waste. With a strong focus on methods for material recycling that would give us the ability to use the material again. The main method to recycle the material from PLA waste is to use an extruder to melt down waste and squeeze out new filament wire. To get an extruder at home, the market offers some ready-made solutions, or you can buy components and build your own model. However, the market for extruder components is mostly oriented towards cooperating with producers and not with private individuals. The majority of components must either be adapted with heavy-duty metalworking machinery or have limited functionality. As a result, the price is higher than for a finished version. Of course, material recycling is not the only variant, you can also recycle minerals to nourish plants and nature or recycle energy by burning materials. In the report, I compare all variants that are available for the recycling of PLA in the current situation with regard to costs and environmental impact. With regard to the needs of the KTH Södertälje campus, I describe why some solutions are better than others.

Early literacy skills such as print knowledge are essential building blocks for children’s later reading and academic outcomes. Shared book reading activities in early childhood classrooms offer rich opportunities through which educators can support children’s print knowledge development by explicitly referring to a book’s print. Such references occur more frequently in naturalistic contexts when the books utilized during reading events contain visually salient features. This study explored how these features were utilized by preschool teachers in ways that relate to print knowledge learning targets. Nine teachers were provided with a textset of 12 books that ranged in their amount and inclusion of specific print salient features and video-recorded reading each book aloud to their students. The resulting 108 videos were coded for print references and results showed that teachers had higher averages of print references while reading books that contain print salience than those that do not. In addition, teachers referenced specific features more frequently than others, suggesting that some features may be more naturally provocative of teachers’ attention than others. A closer examination of two specific features, Visible Speech and Environmental Print, revealed that while teachers more often utilized print salience to discuss print knowledge learning targets considered to be “lower level” in their developmental complexity, these references also frequently related to aspects of story comprehension. Thematic analyses of teachers’ references related to print salience suggest that these features offer unique opportunities to connect print and comprehension learning, a concept supported by scholarship and research on multimodal aspects of children’s books. Implications for practice and future research are discussed. / Literacy & Learners

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