This is a master thesis project in Industrial Design Engineering at Luleå University of Technology performed during the spring semester 2019 and with the goal to design a helmet for POC specialized for ski mountaineering.   To cope with new rules in ski mountaineering competitions, to widen the product catalogue of POC and to make ski mountaineering safer and more enjoyable, a double certified helmet was to be designed, meaning certified for both mountaineering and downhill skiing. The end goal with the project was a product concept fully ready to be prototyped and tested for both EN 12492 – mountaineering helmets and EN 1077 – ski helmets standards.   Theories relevant to the project has been researched, they include head injuries, manufacturing methods, anthropometry, and safety certifications. Some takeaways from these were that head injuries in ski mountaineering can be severe or deadly, but can be mitigated by using a helmet, helmets are usually produced by expanding plastic beads into a shock absorbing material, by expanding the beads more, the shock absorbing material gets a lower density, and by expanding them less the material gets a higher density, an easy way to design a helmet that fits well on most people’s heads is to use headforms, and that an easy way to design a helmet that can be EN1077 and EN12492 certified is to use similar dimensions as existing helmets with the same certifications.   Methods used in the project has been: a survey asking users for insight and opinions; analysis of the brand POC; competition research; observations; idea generation - including 6-3-5 and body storming; and creation and evaluation of prototypes.   The project has resulted in information about user’s experiences of SKIMO helmets, users wants and needs, an analysis of POC products, ideas, prototypes for testing functionality, clay models for exploring shape, a concept decision and last but not least, a CAD model and a prototype of the final concept. The survey results together with some observations could be summarized as three problems to solve and six features the helmet should have. 1. Temperature Change. 2. Ventilation holes makes goggle foggy when worn on the on the forehead. 3. The third problem is created as a combination of the EN 1077 standard penetration test for ski helmets and the users need for “extremely good ventilation”.   Requested features were: 1. The users want to be able to where sun glasses in a passive position on top of the helmet. 2. They want head lamp attachment. 3. It should look good. 4. Side straps for goggles are requested. 5. It should be colourful so that it’s easy to detect in the mountain terrain. 6. And of course, it needs to be lightweight.   The result is a SKIMO helmet I chose to call POC Ibex. It’s a helmet with a double layer EPS liner with multiple functions. It allows for ventilation to the forehead without fogging up the goggles and helps withstanding penetration tests while still having big ventilation holes. It has Magnetic removable ear pads, that can be attached without removing the helmet. It’s made from EPS and PC and on the top, it has an extra thick layer of PC for extra protection against rock fall.

The project began with a simple question: In a future where the Internet has the ability to connect everything digitally, will the need to move physically still exist? To answer this question, we need to reconsider the far-reaching effect that online service has brought to our everyday lives. And based on the current trend of Internet development, the author focuses to predict the challenges and opportunities for people’s daily life brought by the future internetization trend.Instead of designing another vehicle which moves from A to B , the author rethinks the mobility as a unit of service connection in 15-minutes urban life circle in 2035. Redesigning the form and boundaries of the mobility based on the future working and living needs, this project envisions such a mobility to inspire more sparks and discussions about the subject. _Inspiration Inspired by the idea of merging the architecture principles and mobility interior design, the author aims for creating a mobility which enables people to work from anywhere in future cities.With help of Internet and new technologies, population density starts to act as a solid base for boosting of urban life services. And this emerging industry is deeply reshaping the urban lifestyle in the future, which has shown the urban people have new needs to get emotionally attached and have face-to-face teamwork from time to time.The aim of this project is to reconsider the core of mobility - not as a simple transportation platform anymore, but as a mobile space for multi-using. _Process Starting M mobile service, Volvo is a Scandinavian tech-driven brand which envisions a future to enable more people to move freely, meaningfully and sustainably.In order to design a mobility to ease people’s everyday life which also aligns with Volvo value, the author took a speculative approach based on research about the Volvo brand and relevant social trends. And the author starts interviews with people to gather more detailed info and pain-points after desktop research. Based on that, the author included the design opportunities of this project and step into the design process, which includes loops of ideation, sketching, modelling and evaluating with in Volvo team. These steps were not in linear order as the author as the project aims for really challenging the traditional structure and boundaries of the vehicle. _Result The result of this project is Volvo M-office and Volvo Working hub, which together form a systemic workspace solution beyond the concept of vehicle design.The design principle of the project is based on the prediction and research about future working method in urban area. The mobility is designed a open-able mobile space which can interact with other mobilities and facilities.Volvo M-office provides a flexible way of anywhere office life, With the mobility the people can choose the working locations they want, so as to connect the leisure time and working time in a smart way. In addition the mobility will also help the user to rebuild the work-life balance and emotional window in the context of Internetization future.

RELEVANCE AND INSPIRATION Traditional urban planning prioritizes motorized vehicles as the main transport solution, taking away green areas and space from pedestrians and citizens. Today there is an ongoing urbanization which creates increased demands in transportation of both goods and people. As a result of this traffic congestion as well as greenhouse gas emissions are increasing.One already established, and sustainable, solution to ease pressure on the roads and transport people is public road transport. However, studies have shown that there has been a steady decline in usage of public road transport through the years, not the least during the pandemic in 2019. During the last years there has been an increase in E-commerce, which put new pressure on both logistics and traffic in traditional urban environments due to a heavy increase in last mile deliveries.Today there is an ongoing shift towards more sustainable cities, to reduce emissions and create more livable areas, taking away space from traditional vehicles and giving it back to pedestrians and citizens.To be able to create future livable urban environments and reach specified environmental goals, a sustainable transport solution of both people and goods must be developed. PROCESS The purpose with this project is to investigate how the border between transport of people and goods in urban environments can be blurred and create a more attractive and sustainable transport solution.Research according to existing transport solutions in city environments and user needs and wishes has been analyzed in order to create a transport solution that would be suitable for both companies and people in a future 15-minute city. Different design methods were used in order to find a suitable solution to the identified problem. The creative process started with gathering of inspiration. Vehicle package, seating layout, suitable size, and capacity as well as future technologies were studied. A lot of sketching and renderings was done and then used as a foundation for 3D development. An imaginative future vehicle system was developed in order to create a plausible and holistic transport solution.Within the project, focus is mainly on vehicle exterior, creating a package suitable for transport of parcels as well as people in an environment that prioritise pedestrians and cyclists. RESULT The result of this degree work is Scania Combi, a compact, agile, and flexible transport solution. A multipurpose vehicle being able to transport both people and goods, within and between 15-minutes cities.

Inspiration The very first idea starts from the author’s life experience when urbanization in China shows great impact on everyone’s daily life that the social transport resources are often distributed unevenly during the day. It’s common to find no available shared bikes around metro station in the morning, or find no metro to go back home from the airport during the mid-night; Personal travelling experience with public system usually lacks privacy and comfort with many people in a carriage, while private mobility leads to congestion, parking and refueling headaches. In addition, the national goal for the future public transportation development is another story background. Public transit is strongly encouraged in China in the near future. To develop with this social need potential, the concept aims at exploring a flexible public transport system which remains both transport and energy efficiency, and also on-board experience as good as individual vehicles. Process The initial concept is based on the logic of rail transit system, which runs on dedicated tracks. Accordingly, Urban planning interview with professionals is conducted to learn more about the influence the future city layout may bring to the system design. All information gathered during research finally form the logical base. Once the system frame is set, more flesh is added such as brand identity, design aesthetics and related accessory design. The project mainly focuses on exterior which directly connects to the context, yet a hint of interior is also considered to provide persuasive illustration on user experience. In parallel to the vehicle design, context design (the hub) is as well part of the design list. The final outcome is to visualize a big picture of the whole system, not only a single unit. To test out the practicality, 3D modelling of architecture and vehicles with VR test are utilized to help optimize. Result ZEEKR 00M is not just the name for the pod running on the track, but also the whole system which can be called as ZEEKR line too, similar to the existed metro lines’ name that help users get familiar quickly. The system operates as a public resource which basically covers the new district areas surrounding the busy city center, where wide-spread transport infrastructure web is strongly needed in the near future. With separated pods running continuously on the track instead of a long carriage leaving a waiting queue at the platform after departure, individual travelling is independent with each other which improves the steadiness and efficiency of personal mobility experience. Meanwhile, these small pods can be kept in dynamically equal number at each hub with Internet-of-Vehicle assist, which helps feed the uneven rush hour need in different districts or emergent mobility need at any time.

Office chairs are vital in various work environments, providing comfort during long hours ofwork. Poor ergonomic design can result in musculoskeletal issues, especially due to prolongedsitting. Therefore, the design and construction of office chairs must prioritize ergonomics toaddress these concerns. The project was conducted in collaboration with Malmstolen, a company specializing inergonomic seating solutions. The objective was to design an armrest for Malmstolen's officechairs, emphasizing functions, aesthetics, and ergonomics. The design process followed was the Bootcamp Bootleg process in the project. The processbegan with understanding the product, the user, and the market, followed by drawingconclusions and defining the problem. This was done to explore solutions and generate ideasfor a final concept, which would be presented through renderings and prototypes. The selectedmethods for the project laid the foundation for research and understanding the outcome. / Kontorsstolar är avgörande i olika arbetsmiljöer och ger komfort under långa arbetspass. Endålig ergonomisk design kan leda till muskuloskeletala problem, särskilt vid långvarigt sittande.Därför måste designen och konstruktionen av kontorsstolar prioritera ergonomi för att ta itumed dessa bekymmer. Projektet genomfördes i samarbete med Malmstolen, ett företag som är specialiserat påergonomiska sittlösningar. Målet var att designa ett armstöd till Malmstolens kontorsstolar medbetoning på funktioner, estetik och ergonomi. Designprocessen som följdes var Bootcamp Bootleg-processen i projektet. Processen börjademed att förstå produkten, användaren och marknaden, följt av att dra slutsatser och definieraproblemet. Detta gjordes för att utforska lösningar och generera idéer för ett slutgiltigt koncept,som skulle presenteras genom renderingar och prototyper. De valda metoderna för projektetlade grunden för forskning och förståelse av resultat.

This report consists of a conceptual development of a car awning, in collaboration with the company Thule. The main objective with was to create a convenient and easy-to-use awning, which offers a universal fastening solution for cars. Among others, the research done includes an analysis of the current market and observations to use as a basis to compile the requirement specification and function analysis. Furthermore, a moodboard and methods such as Kansei engineering was used to put emphasis on the design and aesthetics. The results display a conceptual solution to an awning that can be attached to any car that supports the use of a Thule roof rack with a T-track feature. It is easy to assemble, mount and use, with many options to be adjusted to the like of the user. High quality renders are presented, along with a full-scale prototype of the awning.  Research gathered in this report contributes to the field by presenting solutions forconvenience, usability, and adjustability regarding similar products. Discussion is had regarding the importance of these features, as well as the difficulties that exist when creating a product like this. Further work includes even more solutions to make the awning fully universal, as well as more resistance to different weather conditions.

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Today, there are several arguments about the future of the workplace and how each firm should tackle these questions. The development has made significant progress in the workplace, but there is still room for improvement. This industrial design project aims to address issues concerning the future workplace,with the outcome being furniture. The project will be carried out using design-related processes and methods, where future forecasting and trend analyses will play a major partin the project’s conclusion. The project is in collaboration with EFG, the leading European provider of interior design solutions for commercial businesses and public events. Their focus is on sustainable, Scandinavian-inspired items. Products that have undergone rigorous testingto ensure quality. Furniture that encourages wiser methods of working, meeting, andsocializing. Every business day

Conducting laboratory trials is crucial for the product and process development for a company active within the iron and steel industry. This is one way ensuring consistent high quality within the work and furthermore trustworthy trial results to present to internal and external clients. For a company with several laboratories involved in the process, a collaborative and supportive way of work is demanded. Having the laboratories using methods and routines of their own choice will likely contribute to several methods and routines being used. Evaluating their results may therefor add problems when it comes to consensus of conclusions from the trial results. This master thesis is about exploring solutions to develop a common work routine for trial results evaluations at LKAB laboratories during trials. It deals with the development of a prototype for a digital tool facilitating the employees through the process of statistical evaluations. The aim of the project was to develop this digital tool with high usability and ensuring ISO standards are incorporated toensure a safe, standardized, and common work routine to implement within LKAB:s laboratory work. The project followed a design process consisting of four main steps with a human/user- and activity centered approach. The steps were planning, context immersion, ideation and implementation. The involved phases were iterative and included methods such as workshops, braindrawing, user testing and prototyping. The goal was to understand how LKAB employees currently works with statistical evaluations and how to find and facilitate a common work way. To do this the user needs were at focus with relations to the functions that needed to be enabled by the tool. The users were involved during the entire process through co-designing and their ideas and opinions were highly considered within the final design. To ensure high usability in the prototype with a good user interface relevant theories in user experience and design principles were researched in the literature review. The project ended up resulting in an interactive web application prototype visualizing how such a tool for facilitating statistical evaluations could work and be implemented to ensure a common work way within LKAB. The prototype was limited to only showing the interactions of some of the steps involved in the statistical evaluations process dues to time limitation and other boundaries to the project. The design of the interface is associated to LKAB:s graphical profile and based on well-known design principles for designing a digital user interface. / Genomförandet av laboratorietester är en vital del för produkt- och processutvecklingen inom ett företag verksamt inom järn- och stålindustrin. Det är ett sätt att säkerställa genomgående hög kvalitet inom arbetet och därigenom trovärdiga försöksresultat att presentera inför både interna och externa klienter. För ett företag med ett flertal laboratorier involverade i processen är ett stödjande och gemensamt arbetssätt därmed önskvärt. Att låta laboratorierna fritt välja vilka metoder och rutiner som används inom arbetet skulle troligen medföra att flera olika metoder och rutiner används. När sedan resultaten ska utvärderas kan detta därmed skapa problem när det kommer till att dra gemensamma slutsatser av den insamlade och analyserade datan. Detta examensarbete ämnar utforska lösningar för att utveckla en gemensam arbetsrutin för statistisk utvärdering av analytiska data resulterande från laboratorieförsök. Det kommer avhandla utvecklandet av en prototyp för ett digitalt verktyg som underlättar och guidar de anställda genom processen av statistisk utvärdering. Målet var att skapa ett digitalt verktyg med hög användbarhet som garanterar att ISO standarder efterföljs för att säkerställa en säker, standardiserad och gemensam arbetsrutin att implementera inom LKAB:s laboratoriearbete. Projektet följde en designprocess bestående av fyra delmoment med en användar- samt aktivitetsbaserad approach. Stegen processen genomgått var planering, kontextundersökning, idégenerering samt implementering. De involverade faserna var iterativa och innehöll metoder som workshops, braindrawing, användartester och prototypande. Målet var att skaffa förståelse för hur LKAB:s anställda arbetar med statistisk utvärdering idag och hur man utifrån detta kan hitta och utveckla ett gemensamt arbetssätt. För att genomföra detta var användarbehoven en central roll i relation till de funktioner som måste kunna utföras med verktyget. Användarna involverades genom hela projektet genom co-designing och deras idéer och åsikter var högt värderade i slutgiltiga designen. För att säkerställa en hög användbarhet i prototypen med ett bra användargränssnitt utforskades relevanta teorier inom inom användarupplevelser och designprinciper i litteraturundersökningen. Projektet resulterade slutligen i en interaktiv webb applikationsprototyp som visualiserar hur ett sådant verktyg för att underlätta och guida statistisk utvärdering skulle kunna fungera och utformas för att säkerställa ett gemensamt arbetssätt inom LKAB. Prototypen blev begränsad till att endast avhandla en del av stegen involverade i den statistiska utvärderingsprocessen på grund av tidsbegränsningar och andra avgränsningar som projektet krävde. Designen av användargränssnittet baserades dels på LKAB:s grafiska profil, men också på välkända design principer för hur digitala användargränssnitt bör utformas.

Digital twin is an emerging technology that enhances digital transformation across many industries and domains. Most digital twins are made for a work context, and end users are the domain experts who carry knowledge in the work processes and products of which digital twin is part. The research gap for the present study is found in the missing adoption of a user-centered design approach and systematic evaluation of digital twins from the perspective of end users. User-Centered Design is a well-known design philosophy that engages users in the design process. By involving users, designers can better understand users and create situations where users can introduce their knowledge, needs and concerns into the products and systems. Emerging research questions for this study are: RQ1: What insights could be obtained with user-centered design and user involvement for the design of digital twin? RQ2: What limitations could user-centered design and user involvement incorporate in the design process of digital twins? This study will use both previous studies and empirical data from a scenario-based approach, workshops, observation, and interviews. Further, it will explore a theoretical framework combining User-Centered Design and Activity theory. This study aims to investigate what knowledge we can gain with users in focus and how that might help to fill the knowledge gap of previous research about user-centered involvement.