Undersköterskors arbetsdag varierar från dag till dag beroende på hur dementa äldreboenden mår, känner och agerar. Det finns dagar då äldreboende är glada och positiva men andra dagar kan de vara oroliga, nervösa och aggressiva. Syftet med studien är “vad är det som motiverar undersköterskor till att arbeta med dementa äldreboende inom åldringsvården”. Det studien visar är om undersköterskor ska kunna klara av svåra dagar krävs det bra samarbete mellan kollegorna. Undersköterskor motiveras genom samarbete och uppskattning av äldreboende och anhöriga. När undersköterskor inte upplever ett bra samarbete eller uppskattning blir de mindre motiverade till arbetet och ineffektiva. Denna studie visar att undersköterskor föredrar att själva påverka sina arbetsuppgifter och inte vara styrda. Styrning vill undersköterskor undvika och föredrar att kunna arbeta fritt med äldreboende. Resultatet visar att undersköterskor anser att fritt arbete är det bästa för att hjälpa dementa äldreboenden på bästa sätt. / Purpose: The study focuses on assistant nurses who work with dementia accommodation and the purpose of the essay is what motivates assistant nurses to work in elderly care.Method: In order to answer the purpose, a qualitative study has been used. It gives a deeper understanding of motivation and what can lead to inefficiency. Open interview questions have been used to gather information.Grounded theory: It involves gathering information from the different respondents and analyzing it to get a result.Result: Through the empire and analysis, a result is given in this chapter. The result shows that cooperation and appreciation is the reason for motivation. While inefficiency is due to injustice due to colleagues for different reasons. Stress and use of worksheets are also ineffective for assistant nurses.

This master´s thesis deals with the description of the current state of the UNIPLUS TOOL FACTORY division belonging to the ALEMA Lanškroun a.s. company, where I focus on the production process optimization. This thesis includes tool factory production process analysis focused on sub-goals to achieve the manufacturing process optimization in relation to the European Union customer.

Möten är i dagens samhälle något som präglar organisationernas vardag till stor del, studier visar att chefer spenderar 69 procent av sin arbetstid på möten, trots detta upplevs flertalet möten bidra till negativt arbetsklimat och att det upptar dyrbar arbetstid. Därigenom har även Corona-pandemin bidragit till att mötesstrukturen förändrats, detta genom att flertalet organisationer övergått från fysiska till virtuella möten. Detta är något som framgår genom användningen utav exempelvis Zoom, Google Meet och Microsoft Teams. Av denna bakgrund kommer studien fokusera på organisationers mötesstruktur och hur den kan användas för att bidra till en långsiktig möteseffektivitet. För att studera kring området har studien tillämpat en kvalitativ metod i form av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med mötesledare inom den valda organisationen. Vidare har även studien tillämpat en kvantitativ metod i form av enkäter, detta i syfte av att även mötesdeltagarna skall ges möjlighet att framhäva sin bild av mötesstrukturen inom organisationen. Den insamlade empirin analyserades med hjälp utav studiens konstruerade analysmodell som i studien benämns “mötes-cykeln”. Denna analysmodell grundar sig i kvalitetsförbättringsmodellen PDSA som syftar till att utveckla och kvalitetsförbättra specifika områden inom en organisation.  Studien har valt att utgå ifrån att ett möte bedrivs i tre olika faser, där samtliga faser innehar aktiviteter som kan komma att bidra med en långsiktig möteseffektivitet. Studiens resultat visar att det återfinns brister i organisationers mötesstruktur, framförallt framgår det att organisationer inte betraktar mötet som ett cykel som ständigt behöver hållas i rullning. Detta med anledning av att det framförallt återfinns brister i de aktiviteter som hänför sig till efter-fasen. Av studien framgår det att, med hjälp av mötes-cykeln, kan organisationer uppnå möteseffektivitet på lång sikt. / Something that truly represents modern day organizations in today's society is their shared need and adoption of meetings. Studies show that managers spend 69 percent of their working day in meetings, in spite of the fact that meetings are believed to contribute negatively to the work climate and occupy inestimable time and working hours. Furthermore, the Covid-19 pandemic has also contributed to changing the meeting structure within organizations, as more establishments continue to transition from physical to virtual meetings. This phenomenon can be observed by gauging the increased usage of platforms such as Zoom, Google Meet and Microsoft Teams. With this background in mind, the study will focus on the meeting structures within organizations and how they can be used to improve long term efficiency in meetings.  In order to study the field in question, the study applies a qualitative method in the form of four semistructured interviews with chairpersons within the chosen organization. Furthermore, the study also applies a quantitative method in the form of queries in order to facilitate the possibility of participants sharing their perspectives on the current meeting structures within the organization. The collected empirical data was analyzed using the study’s constructed analytical model, which is referred to as “the meeting cycle”. This analytical model is based on the quality improvement model PDSA, which aims to develop and improve an organization's quality in specific areas.  This study choses to assume that a meeting is conducted in three different phases, where all phases contain activities that may contribute to long term meeting efficiency. The results of the study show that there are deficiencies in organizations meeting structures, more importantly it appears that organizations do not view meetings as cycles that have to be kept rolling. This is due to the fact that the deficiencies are mainly related to activities in the post-phase. The study also shows that, using the meeting cycle, organizations can achieve meeting efficiency in the long term.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by severely low bodyweight, fear of weight-gain, and a subjective believe to be “fat”. An elevated need for control and fear of losing control are considered core aspects in the development and maintenance of AN and restricting food intake is thought to function as a means to gain feelings of control (Fairburn, Shafran, & Cooper, 1999; Schmidt & Treasure, 2006). Feelings of inefficiency (i.e. lack of control regarding personal goals) have been found to predict longer duration of treatment and worse treatment outcome, underlining the relevance of the need for control in AN (Olatunji, Levinson, & Calebs, 2018; Pinto, Heinberg, Coughlin, Fava, & Guarda, 2008; Surgenor, Maguire, Russell, & Touyz, 2007). The constant striving for control could lead to rumination and negative affect – two further important symptoms associated with AN. The Goal Progress Theory of rumination (GPT; Carver & Scheier, 1990; Martin & Tesser, 1996) proposes that perceived discrepancies between desired goals (in the case of AN e.g. goals regarding lowest possible calorie intake, weight, etc.) and the current state (in the case of AN e.g. the subjective conviction of having eaten or weighing too much) trigger ruminative thoughts, which subsequently lead to negative affect. Following this theory, it could be suggested that gaining feelings of goal-progress and control could lessen the burdening repetitive thoughts and negative affect and that individuals with AN try to achieve this by restricting food intake. This dietary restriction requires self-control. However, previous research has shown that patients with AN typically not only show such elevated self-control, but also display rigid habitual behaviours and routines, struggle with set-shifting, and often display comorbid obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Treasure & Schmidt, 2013; Halmi et al., 2003). This raises the question of whether food restriction in AN is indeed an act of self-control or rather a habit. Recent scientific development has challenged the traditional dichotomy between controlled and automatic processes (Shiffrin & Schneider, 1977), instead suggesting that they are intertwined in such a way that often self-control works via the establishment of goal-serving habits and routines (Gillebaart & de Ridder, 2015; Galla & Duckworth, 2015). These theoretical considerations can generally draw support from previous research, but have not been investigated explicitly in the context of AN. It was the main goal of this thesis to analyse associations between feelings of inefficiency, rumination and negative affect, controlled and habitual behaviour, and eating behaviour to establish an empirical foundation for the proposed relationships between these aspects of AN. Study 1 (Fürtjes, Seidel, et al., 2020) employed ecological momentary assessment (EMA; data collection several times a day over a period of several days in the natural environment of the participants) to investigate associations between feelings of inefficiency, rumination, and affect in a sample of individuals with a history of AN who had recovered from the disorder in terms of eating behaviour and bodyweight and age-matched healthy control participants (HC). AN participants displayed elevated rumination about bodyweight/figure (but not food) and negative affect compared to HC, suggesting that these cognitive-affective symptoms are persistent even after recovery. Analyses investigating associations with inefficiency showed that inefficiency was associated with heightened rumination and negative affect, which is in line with the GPT. Furthermore, AN participants showed higher levels of inefficiency than HC and stronger associations between rumination and negative affect. These findings indicate that feelings of lack of goal-progress and control are a central aspect of AN, likely contributing to maintenance of the disorder by triggering dysfunctional cognitive-affective processes. The fact that these associations were still present in a sample of recovered individuals underlines the persistence of these processes, suggesting that they might not only maintain the disorder but could also present a vulnerability factor or contribute to risk of relapse. Study 2 (Fürtjes et al., 2018) made use of EMA and leptin, an endocrinological marker of undernutrition, to further investigate associations between rumination and affect in a sample of patients with acute AN, once at the beginning of treatment and again after weight-restoration. In line with Study 1, results confirmed that rumination about bodyweight/figure and negative affect are closely linked in AN and that this association persists even after weight-gain. Thoughts about food on the other hand were associated with leptin levels, declined with weight-gain, and showed weaker associations with affect. This suggests that thoughts about food may reflect a physiological symptom of the disorder, connected to undernourishment, whereas thoughts about bodyweight/figure might present a cognitive-affective symptom which could be involved in maintenance of the disorder (as suggested by Study 1). To test supporting evidence for the interaction of self-control and habits in the regulation of eating behaviour, Study 3 (Fürtjes, King, et al., 2020) employed task-based measures of controlled and automatic processing as well as self-report measures of self-control, habitual behaviour, and eating behaviour in a large female sample representative of the general population through an online study design. Results obtained via structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed that eating behaviour appears to be largely guided by habits and automatic behavioural tendencies, whereas controlled aspects have an indirect influence via this association. These findings could be interpreted as support for the proposal that self-control might work via the establishment of goal-serving habits and routines, which outlines the possibility that the restrictive eating behaviour in AN might be achieved and maintained via a combination of self-control and rigid routines and habits. Taken together, the research presented in this thesis was able to demonstrate how striving for control as a core aspect of AN might play a role in triggering dysfunctional cognitive-affective processes, likely contributing to development and maintenance of the disorder, and that self-control and habitual behaviour interact inguiding human eating behaviour, carrying implications for the mechanisms behind restrictive eating in AN. Clinical implications that can be derived from this research include addressing need for control and feelings of inefficiency in therapy to enable improvement of dysfunctional cognitive-affective processes as well as eating behaviour.

For rational theories of organisational change, organisational dysfunctionalities are nothing more than the inadequacy of organisations to maximise on their goals or lack of co-ordination of different types of inputs and processes. Usually, such observations are made in exclusion of the analysis of organisational realities and the experiences that are part of their daily realities. This thesis explores the experiences of organisational change in a single case of the provincial department of education, namely the Eastern Cape Department of Education (ECDE). Using the qualitative and exploratory methods of interviews and document analysis, it asks how and why the department was perceived to be in a state of crisis in terms of service delivery, eight years after its initial transformation. To explore these questions, the thesis looked at the interplay between context, organisational design and internal skills and capacities, as the triad of processes that influenced the patterns for organisational change in this context. Broadly, the findings revealed that issues of organisational efficiency and service delivery cannot be debated and analysed outside of the political processes that influence them. The ECDE revealed that it was caught in endless politics of networks of coalition which influenced the pattern of service delivery. As a result this thesis concluded that organisational change and service delivery debates have to extend beyond the rational inputs and outputs paradigms to look at the complexities of networks that were a coincidence of transitional politics. It therefore proposes a focus on relational and network analysis of organisations to unravel their politics and pattern of influence on service delivery.

Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) has been the central assumption of financial modelling in the previous decades. At its core, it is a statement about the efficient incorporation of available information in the prices of assets, rendering each price a 'true' representation of the asset's intrinsic value. The notion of informationally efficient financial markets has been, since its formulation, entrenched in the very core of our understanding of how asset pricing works, yet, with ever so increasing frequency, when subjected to empirical scrutiny, it fails to prove its explanatory and predictive prowess. New academic strands emerged have emerged as a result, attempting to explain those empirical short-comings, with rather mixed results. The new models and theories often either explain a singular anomaly, rather than pro- viding a generalized and consistent theoretical framework, or are exclusive with the general state of financial markets, which tends to be efficient and rational. This thesis shall explore the relationship of information and financial mar- kets, taking into account developments that have occurred since the inception of the EMH. Subsequently it will present a new theoretical model for asset pric- ing and ipso facto the efficiency of financial markets, based on meta-analysis of information, along...

Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan

Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-11-27T12:55:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1424220.pdf: 301206 bytes, checksum: 1f4091e3ffd5fc7ee179deb76ab824b1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-11-27T12:55:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1424220.pdf: 301206 bytes, checksum: 1f4091e3ffd5fc7ee179deb76ab824b1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-11-27T12:56:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1424220.pdf: 301206 bytes, checksum: 1f4091e3ffd5fc7ee179deb76ab824b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-27T12:56:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1424220.pdf: 301206 bytes, checksum: 1f4091e3ffd5fc7ee179deb76ab824b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Aparentemente existe uma anomalia no mercado de ações, onde é possível prever excessos de retomo das ações baseando-se em dados passados de divulgação de lucro. Este fenômeno é estatisticamente significante e parece não ser um artefato de amostragem ou metodologia, mas de uma ineficiência de mercado. Estudos mostram uma tendência dos excessos de retornos acumulados das ações se movimentarem na direção da surpresa de lucro, e este movimento se estende por meses após a data de divulgação de lucro trimestral. Neste trabalho mostro que este fenômeno ocorre também no Brasil, mesmo utilizando uma amostra com especificidades do mercado brasileiro e utilizando dados de expectativas de lucro de analistas financeiros no lugar de previsão estatística. / Apparently, there is an anomaly in the stock market that shows that is possible to predict abnormal returns from stocks based on past earnings announcements. This phenomenon is statistical1y significant and appears not to be an artifact of sample or methodologies, but from a market inefficiency. Studies demonstrate a tendency towards accumulated abnormal retums to move toward the direction of the earnings surprise and this movement continues to weeks and even months. This study illustrates that this phenomenon also occurs in Brazil, even using a sample with Brazilian market specifications and using eamings expectations from financiaI analysts in place of statistical forecasts.

The role of ammonia in reproductive inefficiency in early lactation dairy cows was studied in a series of experiments designed to determine the concentrations of ammonia in normal bovine follicular fluid (bFF), to determine the effects of ammonia on the bovine embryo during specific stages of development, and to test the hypothesis that elevated plasma urea nitrogen concentration is associated with elevated ammonia and urea nitrogen concentrations in the reproductive fluids. In the first study, ammonia concentration in different size follicles and the effect of ammonia during in vitro maturation on embryo development were determined. Ammonia concentration in the bFF was significantly different (P<0.001) between each follicle size (< 1 mm, 2-4 mm, 5-8 mm, and >10 mm) and ammonia concentration decreased as follicle size increased. There was no difference (P>0.05) in cleavage rates, morula development, and blastocyst development when oocytes were exposed to various concentrations of ammonia during in vitro maturation. In the second study, the effects of addition of ammonia in the media during in vitro fertilization (IVF), culture (IVC), and throughout maturation (IVM), IVF, and IVC were evaluated. Addition of moderate concentrations of ammonia to IVF media resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increase in embryos that developed to blastocysts and to expanding and hatching blastocysts. Ammonia in the IVC media significantly (P<0.05) decreased the proportion of ova that developed to blastocysts. When exposed to ammonia throughout IVM, IVF, and IVC, ova developing to morulae was significantly (P<0.05) higher in media containing moderate concentrations of ammonia compared to control. In the third study, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentrations were related to follicular and uterine fluid ammonia and urea concentrations in early lactation dairy cows. Mean PUN concentrations were used to distribute the cows into two groups: 1) cows with PUN ≥ 20 mg/dl (HPUN), and 2) cows with PUN<20mg/dl (LPUN). Follicular fluid ammonia and follicular fluid urea were significantly (P<0.01) higher in HPUN cows compared to LPUN cows. Uterine fluid ammonia concentration was significantly (P=0.05) higher in HPUN cows than in LPUN cows during the luteal phase, but not during the estrus phase of the estrous cycle, but not on Day 0. Uterine fluid urea nitrogen concentrations were significantly (p<0.001) higher in HPUN cows than in LPUN cows during both the luteal and estrus phases.

No description available.