Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:36:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jonatan Moreira.pdf: 1032578 bytes, checksum: 66104343eec9e8e29817f1aea6ba8e07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-08 / The new challenge for education in general and in particular for the Distance Education, is to allow the emancipation of people in society, giving them the ability to seek the information they need to supplement, continuously, their education. Within this reality, the use of digital information, supported by the Information and Communication Technologies currently available, increases the range of options available to the Distance Education, which promotes additional ways of access, more flexibility and greater agility to the individuals in their uninterrupted process to search for desired information. Set within this context, the main goal of this dissertation is to study different ways to treat and manage the digital information used by Information Science and applied to the Distance Education. Therefore, this paper intends to establish possible links between methods and techniques developed and / or used by Information Science professionals and Distance Education sections, in way to improve the informational environment that supports the Distance Education by the informational paradigm. / O novo desafio para a educacao em geral, e, em especifico para a Educacao a Distancia, e permitir a emancipacao dos individuos na sociedade, de modo a conferir-lhes a capacidade de buscar as informacoes de que necessitam para complementar, continuamente, suas formacoes. Dentro desta realidade, a utilizacao da informacao digital, suportada pelas Tecnologias da Informacao e Comunicacao atualmente disponiveis, multiplica a gama de opcoes disponibilizadas a Educacao a Distancia, o que promove mais formas de acesso, mais flexibilidade e maior agilidade para o individuo em seu ininterrupto processo de busca da informacao desejada. Inserida dentro deste contexto, esta dissertacao tem como proposito o estudo das diferentes formas de tratar e gerir a informacao em suporte digital, empregados pela Ciencia da Informacao, que possam ser aplicadas a Educacao a Distancia. Assim, este trabalho busca estabelecer as possiveis relacoes existentes entre metodos e tecnicas desenvolvidas e/ou empregadas por profissionais da area de Ciencia da Informacao e os modulos que compoem um modelo de Educacao a Distancia, objetivando auxiliar e aprimorar o ambiente informacional que da suporte a Educacao a Distancia segundo o paradigma informacional.

Syfte – Syftet med studien är att undersöka förbättringsmöjligheter i materialflödet mellan godsmottagning och montering. Syftet har brutits ner i tre frågeställningar: Vilka aktiviteter påverkar materialflödet mellan godsmottagning och montering? Hur påverkar aktiviteterna materialflödet mellan godsmottagning och montering? Hur kan materialflödet mellan godsmottagning och montering effektiviseras? Metod – En förstudie genomfördes för att definiera en problemformulering, vilket låg till grund för utformandet av studiens syfte och frågeställningar. En litteraturgenomgång och fallstudie har utförts parallellt med varandra. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom metoderna observation, dokumentstudie och intervjuer. Litteraturgenomgången genomfördes för att skapa det teoretiska ramverket. Syftet och frågeställningarna besvarades genom empirisk data och teorier. Resultat – Flera problem identifierades under studien som direkt påverkar materialflödet. I Icke värdeskapande aktiviteter, exempelvis hanterings- och lagerpunkter, påverkar ett materialflöde då det binds kapital och kräver resurser. En korrekt informationsdelning och ett nära samarbete mellan avdelningar anses vara en viktig faktor för materialflödets effektivitet. Genom att använda line back-principen kan aktiviteter som inte skapar värde för materialflödet förflytttas uppströms i försörjningskedjan för att möjliggöra en implementation av just in sequence. Implikationer – Då det redan existerar mycket teori inom problemområdet har ingen ny forskning etablerats. Däremot har studien belyst en ny synvinkel inom redan befintlig teori, där förhållandet mellan just in sequence och line back-principen belysts. Studien kan även användas som ett diskussionsunderlag för att kartlägga och effektivisera verksamheters materialflöde mellan godsmottagning och montering. Begränsningar – Studiens generaliserbarhet kan ifrågasättas då den endast involverar ett fallföretag. Då fallföretagets materialflöde ständigt är i rörelse försvårades datainsamlingen. Detta kan ha påverkat studiens resultat. / Purpose – The purpose of the thesis is to explore potential enhancements for the material flow between the goods receiving and the assembly line. The purpose has been broken down to three research questions: What activities affect the material flow between the goods receiving and the assembly line? How does the activities affect the material flow between the goods receiving and the assembly line? How can the material flow between the goods receiving and the assembly line be more efficient? Method – A pilot study was conducted to define a problem, which the purpose and research questions of the thesis was based on. A review of literature was carried out alongside a case study. Observations, document studies and interviews were the methods of choosing for the collection of data. To establish the theoretical framework a literature review was carried out. A comparison between the findings of the case study and theoretical framework answered the study’s research questions. Findings – The study identified several problems with an immediate impact on the material flow. Non-value adding operations such as material handling and stock locations ties capital and requires resources. To correctly share information and to have a close cooperation between departments is considered as an important factor for the material flow’s efficiency. By using line back principle non-value adding operations can be pushed upstream in the supply chain to enable an implementation of just in sequence. Implications – The studied area consists of already existing theories therefor no additional research has been contributed. However, a new aspect of already existing theory has enlightened the relationship between just in sequence and line back principle. Organizations can use the case study as a basis of discussion for a mapping and improvements of the material flow between the goods receiving and the assembly lines. Limitations – The thesis ability to generalize can be questioned since it consists of only one case company. The material flow was constantly in motion which complicated the collection of data. Therefor the findings of the study can be affected by this.

企業處於競爭日益激烈的環境中，唯有不斷地提昇競爭力，以因應環境嚴格的考驗。而降低營運成本與提高產品及服務的品質，則為攸關企業競爭力的重要因素。 企業為及時提供與滿足消費者的需求，唯有透過上游供應端至下游需求端之各個環節予以緊密的結合。因此，供應鏈管理的觀念日益受到重視。在供應鏈架構中，資訊流實為貫穿及維繫著供應鏈中全體成員間的合作關係。如何迅速地傳遞供應鏈中的資訊，即時掌握消費者的產品需求，實為企業經營的關鍵。 本研究針對供應鏈中企業內與通路成員間的資訊流，探討企業藉由合適的通訊方式來傳遞資訊資源。透過資訊即時的傳遞，使資訊得以垂直整合與共享，使企業內部與通路成員間獲取相關資訊，及時的管理和控制庫存量，避免產生存量超額與售磬的窘境。企業更可藉由資訊即時的傳遞與共享，提昇經營管理的績效，以及減少重複資源的耗費，進而降低企業之營運成本。 本研究主要目的有二：其一為提出供應鏈架構下通訊方式選擇策略的訂定方法；其二為根據所提出的通訊方式選擇策略之訂定方法，針對日用百貨零售業探討企業通訊方式之選擇策略。研究過程中，首先蒐集供應鏈管理、資訊科技與通訊方式的相關文獻；其次分別針對供應鏈架構中資訊流，以及通訊方式的使用特性進行分析與探討；之後依據本研究提出的通訊方式選擇策略之訂定方法，針對日用百貨零售業為對象，並結合日用百貨零售業企業內外部環境分析所得結論，訂定出日用百貨零售業通訊方式之選擇策略。 第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………..1 1.1 研究背景與動機…………………………………………………………….1 1.2 研究目的…………………………………………………………………….2 1.3 研究範圍與限制…………………………………………………………….4 1.4 論文架構…………………………………………………………………….4 第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………………………….6 2.1 供應鏈管理………………………………………………………………….6 2.1.1 供應鏈管理的定義……………………………………………………..7 2.1.2 供應鏈的整合…………………………………………………………..9 2.2 資訊流……………………………………………………………………….9 2.2.1 資訊流的定義…………………………………………………………..9 2.2.2 資訊流的類型………………………………………………………….12 2.2.3 資訊流的傳遞模式…………………………………………………….12 2.3 通訊方式……………………………………………………………………16 2.3.1 有線通訊方式………………………………………………………….16 2.3.1.1 公眾交換電話網路…………..……………..………………..……17 2.3.1.2 整體服務數位網路………..………………………………………20 2.3.1.3 非對稱數位用戶迴路……………..………………………………22 2.3.1.4 軸纜數據機……………..…………………………………………23 2.3.2 無線通訊方式………………………………………………………….24 2.3.2.1 無線電通訊………………………………………………………..24 2.3.2.2 紅外線通訊………………………………………………………..26 2.3.2.3 行動通訊…………………………………………………………..27 2.3.2.4 衛星通訊…………………………………………………………..31 2.4 資訊科技……………………………………………………………………35 2.4.1 資訊科技引進策略之探討…………………………………………….35 2.4.2 資訊科技實施階段之探討…………………………………………….37 2.4.2.1 Zmud及Apple的資訊科技實施程序模式………………………37 2.4.2.2 Nolan的階段成長理論……………………………………………39 第三章 通訊方式選擇策略訂定方法之探討……………………………..41 3.1 通訊方式選擇策略訂定方法之流程………………………………………41 3.2 供應鏈成員架構之建立……………………………………………………43 3.2.1 傳統供應鏈之成員架構……………………………………………….43 3.2.2 導入物流中心的供應鏈之成員架構………………………………….44 3.3 資訊流的內涵與傳遞模式之分析…………………………………………45 3.3.1 價值鏈模式…………………………………………………………….46 3.3.2 資訊流之分析………………………………………………………….48 3.3.2.1 企業內部資訊流之分析…………………………………………..48 3.3.2.2 通路成員間資訊流之分析………………………………………..49 3.4 通訊方式使用特性之分析…………………………………………………49 3.5 企業內外部環境之分析……………………………………………………51 3.5.1 SWOT分析…………………………………………………………….52 3.5.2 SWOT矩陣…………………………………………………………….52 3.5.3 企業策略……………………………………………………………….53 3.6 資訊流與通訊方式之探討…………………………………………………55 3.7 企業內外部環境與資訊流之探討…………………………………………56 3.8 通訊方式選擇策略之訂定…………………………………………………57 第四章 日用百貨零售業通訊方式選擇策略之訂定……………………59 4.1 個案描述……………………………………………………………………59 4.1.1 統一企業與捷盟行銷………………………………………………….59 4.1.2 萊爾富公司…………………………………………………………….65 4.1.3 美國西爾斯公司……………………………………………………….68 4.1.4 美國寶鹼公司與威名百貨…………………………………………….74 4.1.5 日本丸井百貨………………………………………………………….78 4.2 日用百貨零售業的供應鏈成員架構………………………………………80 4.3 日用百貨零售業的資訊內涵與傳遞模式之分析…………………………82 4.3.1 日用百貨零售業企業內部資訊流之分析…………………………….82 4.3.2 日用百貨零售業通路成員間資訊流之分析………………………….84 4.4 通訊方式使用特性之分析…………………………………………………87 4.5 日用百貨零售業企業內外部環境之分析…………………………………91 4.5.1 日用百貨零售業之SWOT分析………………………………………91 4.5.2 日用百貨零售業之SWOT矩陣………………………………………92 4.6 日用百貨零售業資訊流與通訊方式之探討………………………………94 4.6.1 日用百貨零售業企業內部資訊流與通訊方式之配對關係………….95 4.6.2 日用百貨零售業通路成員間資訊流與通訊方式之配對關係……….96 4.7 日用百貨零售業企業內外部環境與資訊流之探討………………………97 4.8 日用百貨零售業通訊方式選擇策略之制訂……………………………..100 4.9 本章結論…………………………………………………………………..103 4.9.1 結合優勢與機會之通訊方式選擇策略……………………………...103 4.9.2 發揮優勢避免威脅之通訊方式選擇策略…………………………...104 4.9.3 改善劣勢掌握機會之通訊方式選擇策略…………………………...104 4.9.4 改善劣勢避免威脅之通訊方式選擇策略…………………………...105 第五章 結論與建議………………………………………………………….107 5.1 結論………………………………………………………………………..107 5.2 建議………………………………………………………………………..108 / To provide and to satisfy the customers' needs, we should integrate the up-stream supply side and down-stream demand side. That's the reason why the concept and implementation of supply chain management occupy so much of the attention. In a supply chain framework, the information flow is the key factor to integrate all of the activities of the intra-member and inter-member in the chain. And how to quickly and suitably deliver the information in a supply chain to respond the customers' needs and changes on time is the critical success factor of running a business. In this research, we emphasize on the information flow of intra-member and inter-member of a supply chain. And we study how to select the proper communication media to deliver the information in the chain on time to quickly respond the change of customers' needs and to reduce the inventory cost as well as the operating cost. We believe that all the members of a supply chain will increase their competitive forces through the strengthening their quick and on time delivery ability of the intra-member and inter-member information flow. There are two main purposes in this research; one is to propose a method to decide a selecting strategy of communication media to deliver the information in a supply chain framework, and the other is to study the selecting strategy of communication media for retail sales industry of consumer goods.

<p>Whilst the amount of information readily available to workers in information- and knowledge intensive business- and industrial contexts only seem to increase with every day, those workers still have difficulties in finding relevant and needed information as well as storing, distributing, and aggregating such information. Yet, whilst there exist numerous technical, organisational, and practical approaches to remedy the situation, the problems seem to prevail.</p><p>This publication describes the first part of the author’s work on defining a methodology for improving the flow of work related information, with respect to the information demand of individuals and organisations. After a prefatory description of the perceived problems concerning information flow in modern organisations, a number of initial conjectures regarding information demand and use in small-scale business contexts are defined based on a literature study. With this as the starting point the author sets out to, through an empirical investigation performed in three different Swedish organisations during 2005, identify how individuals within organisations in general, and these three in particular, use information with respect to such organisational aspects as roles, tasks, and resources as well as spatio-temporal aspects. The results from the investigation are then used to validate the conjectures and to draw a number of conclusions on which both a definition of information demand, as well as the initial steps towards defining a methodology for information demand analysis, are based. Lastly, a short discussion of the applicability of the results in continued work is presented together with a description of such planned work.</p>

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Title: The Image of Sweden - A study of the Swedish Embassy’s Nation Branding and Public Diplomacy in Germany</p><p>Number of pages: 46 (57 including enclosures)</p><p>Author: Heidi Marie Nömm</p><p>Tutor: Göran Svensson</p><p>Course: Media and Communication Studies C Level – Bachelor’s Thesis.</p><p>Period: Autumn term 2006/2007</p><p>University: Division of Media and Communication Department of Information Science Uppsala University</p><p>Purpose/Aim: The purpose of my research study is to examine how the press, culture and PR department at the Swedish Embassy in Berlin is organising its external communication of Swedish affairs and “branding” Sweden as an attractive and competitive nation in Germany. My research objective is therefore to investigate the nature of the Embassy’s Nation Branding by means of one specific media channel, which is the Embassy’s German website, in order to find out how Sweden’s nation brand is communicated according to my chosen theory.</p><p>Material/Method: The method of analysis is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods: a qualitative interview in terms of collecting information about the Embassy’s external communication, as well as a quantitative content analysis of the Embassy’s German website. Furthermore I’m making use of secondary data from previous research, various articles and several information sources from the Internet.</p><p>Main results: On the basis of the results I have gained by dint of the content analysis, it can be concluded that the Embassy’s German website foregrounds and focuses on communicating cultural topics, whereas political and governmental issues are being undermined. Hence, the website shows an uneven representation of Anholt’s nation brand key areas which denote that it is communicating a too one-sided and unbalanced picture of a national image, thus Sweden’s nation brand.</p><p>Keywords: Nation Branding, Public Diplomacy, external communication, content analysis, case study, Swedish Embassy Berlin, channel of communication, information flow.</p>

Ontology development is a systematic technique to represent the existing and new knowledge about a specific domain by using some models to present the system in which conceptualization is involved. This thesis presents the use of ontologies to formally represent ontology-based competence model for potential users of quality registry report in a healthcare organization. The model describes the professional and occupational interests and needs of the users through structuring and describing their skills and qualifications. There are individual competences model having two main parts: general competence and occupational competence. The model is implemented in an ontology editor. Although our competence model gives the general view about all medical areas in a hospital, from implementation point of view, we have considered only Cardiology area in detail. The potential users of quality registry are medical staff, county council staff and Pharmaceutical staff. In this report we have also used different classifications of education, occupational fields and diseases. A user can get information about the patient and specific disease with treatment tips by using various organizational resources: i.e. quality registries, electronic medical reports, and online journals. Our model also provides a support of information filtering which filters the information according to the need and the competencies of the users.

ABSTRACT Title: The Image of Sweden - A study of the Swedish Embassy’s Nation Branding and Public Diplomacy in Germany Number of pages: 46 (57 including enclosures) Author: Heidi Marie Nömm Tutor: Göran Svensson Course: Media and Communication Studies C Level – Bachelor’s Thesis. Period: Autumn term 2006/2007 University: Division of Media and Communication Department of Information Science Uppsala University Purpose/Aim: The purpose of my research study is to examine how the press, culture and PR department at the Swedish Embassy in Berlin is organising its external communication of Swedish affairs and “branding” Sweden as an attractive and competitive nation in Germany. My research objective is therefore to investigate the nature of the Embassy’s Nation Branding by means of one specific media channel, which is the Embassy’s German website, in order to find out how Sweden’s nation brand is communicated according to my chosen theory. Material/Method: The method of analysis is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods: a qualitative interview in terms of collecting information about the Embassy’s external communication, as well as a quantitative content analysis of the Embassy’s German website. Furthermore I’m making use of secondary data from previous research, various articles and several information sources from the Internet. Main results: On the basis of the results I have gained by dint of the content analysis, it can be concluded that the Embassy’s German website foregrounds and focuses on communicating cultural topics, whereas political and governmental issues are being undermined. Hence, the website shows an uneven representation of Anholt’s nation brand key areas which denote that it is communicating a too one-sided and unbalanced picture of a national image, thus Sweden’s nation brand. Keywords: Nation Branding, Public Diplomacy, external communication, content analysis, case study, Swedish Embassy Berlin, channel of communication, information flow.

The major global concern of preventing the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) requires that millions of people be tested in order to identify those individuals who need treatment and care. This study’s purpose was to examine the role of social networks in an individual’s decision to test for HIV. The study sample included 62 participants of African and Caribbean origin in Toronto, Canada. Thirty-three females and 29 males, aged 16 to 49 years who had previously tested positive or negative for HIV, participated in interviews that lasted approximately 60 minutes. Measurement instruments adapted from Silverman, Hecht, McMillin, and Chang (2008) were used to identify and delimit the social networks of the participants. The instrument identified four social network types: immediate family, extended family, friends, and acquaintances. The study examined the role of these network types on the individuals’ decisions to get HIV testing. A mixed method approach (Creswell, 2008) was applied, and both qualitative and quantitative data were collected simultaneously. Participants listed their social networks and retrospectively described the role of their network members in influencing their decision to test for HIV. The participants’ narratives of the influence of social networks in HIV testing were coded. A thematic analysis of the qualitative descriptions of the network members’ influence was performed. The quantitative and the qualitative analysis results were then tallied. The results of the study demonstrated that the influence of social networks was evident in the individuals’ decisions to test for HIV. The most influential group was friends, followed in descending order of influence by immediate family, acquaintances, and extended family. These social network ties provided informational, material, and emotional support to individuals deciding to seek HIV testing. For policy makers and health professionals, coming to a more complete understanding of these dynamics will enable them to make institutional decisions and allocate resources to improve and enhance the support available from within these social networks, thus encouraging, promoting, and leading to increased testing for HIV.

The major global concern of preventing the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) requires that millions of people be tested in order to identify those individuals who need treatment and care. This study’s purpose was to examine the role of social networks in an individual’s decision to test for HIV. The study sample included 62 participants of African and Caribbean origin in Toronto, Canada. Thirty-three females and 29 males, aged 16 to 49 years who had previously tested positive or negative for HIV, participated in interviews that lasted approximately 60 minutes. Measurement instruments adapted from Silverman, Hecht, McMillin, and Chang (2008) were used to identify and delimit the social networks of the participants. The instrument identified four social network types: immediate family, extended family, friends, and acquaintances. The study examined the role of these network types on the individuals’ decisions to get HIV testing. A mixed method approach (Creswell, 2008) was applied, and both qualitative and quantitative data were collected simultaneously. Participants listed their social networks and retrospectively described the role of their network members in influencing their decision to test for HIV. The participants’ narratives of the influence of social networks in HIV testing were coded. A thematic analysis of the qualitative descriptions of the network members’ influence was performed. The quantitative and the qualitative analysis results were then tallied. The results of the study demonstrated that the influence of social networks was evident in the individuals’ decisions to test for HIV. The most influential group was friends, followed in descending order of influence by immediate family, acquaintances, and extended family. These social network ties provided informational, material, and emotional support to individuals deciding to seek HIV testing. For policy makers and health professionals, coming to a more complete understanding of these dynamics will enable them to make institutional decisions and allocate resources to improve and enhance the support available from within these social networks, thus encouraging, promoting, and leading to increased testing for HIV.

No description available.