This study investigates how the public forum cognition of citizen affect their intension to attend public forum given researching methods of Public Affairs Management Integrated Reference Framework (PAM) and Social Development Matrix(SDM). Based on PAM, we analysed the meaning of citizen governance and the role of citizen through real events, and discussed the cognition and psychological weights of our citizen to participate public forums. Through the analysis methods of literatures, this study summarized three factors that proposed by Ostrom(1990) - Institution, Commitment and Supervision, and then sequentially made the standard measurement divided into two levels by fair/unfair, high/low and valid/invalid. In this study, we focused on citizens who had participated in interactive management and chose Information Integration Theory (IIT) as our research method. Our research discussed that psychological weights of Institution, Commitment and Supervision, which defined three explanatory variables to estimate the public forum consciousness of citizens. By using SPSS and AVERAGE software, we computed the psychological weights of three factors and understood the attitudes of citizens toward public forum, furthermore, we compared the differences among the weights and offered suggestion and strategies of citizen governing in the future. The results are as following: 1. Compared to participants from traditional conservative society, our participants from highly developed multi-cultural society are more willing to attend public forums. 2. Participants of different backgrounds assess sequentially the importance of three factors by Supervision, Institution and Commitment. 3. Our results showed that the integrated information patterns(model) are all unequal weighted average pattern(model). 4. All three factors of our research are significant on dependent variable in main effects, two-factor interaction and three-factor interaction.

Power industry is undergoing a transition from the traditional regulated environment to the competitive power market. To have a reliable state estimator (SE) in the power market environment, two major challenges are emerging, i.e. to keep SE running reliably even under a contingency and to run SE over a grid with extremely large size. The objective of this dissertation is to use graph theory to address the above two challenges. To keep SE running reliably under a contingency, a novel topological approach is first proposed to identify critical measurements and examine network observability under a contingency. To advance the classical topological observability analysis, a new concept of contingency observability graph (COG) is introduced and it is proven that a power system network maintains its observability under a contingency if and only if its COG satisfies some conditions. As an application of COG, a two-stage heuristic topological approach is further developed based on the new concept of qualified COG (QCOG) to minimize the number of measurements and RTUs under the constraint that the system remains observable under any single contingency. To overcome the disadvantages of existing SE over extremely large networks, a textured distributed state estimator (DSE), which consists of the off-line textured architecture design and the on-line textured computation, is proposed based on COG and a new concept of Bus Credibility Index (BCI). The textured DSE is non-recursive, asynchronous and avoids central controlling node. Numerical tests verify that the performance of the new textured DSE algorithm improves greatly compared with existing DSE algorithms in respect of bad data detection and identification. Furthermore, the software implementation for DSE is formulated as an information integration problem over regional power markets, and is very challenging because of its size and complexity. A new concept of semantic knowledge warehouse (SKW), together with the proposed concepts of semantic reasoning software component (SRSC) and deduction credibility, is developed to implement such an information integration system.

According to the literature on the subject and PAM framework (Ming-shen Wang, 2006), the cognition of the citizen of Kaohsiung in Kaohsiung development and direct cross- strait link could be influenced by three factors: the factor of economic development, the factor of social development, the factor of political development. The study applied category estimation and information integration theory (Anderson, 1996) to treat the citizen of Kaohsiung' s cognition structure, integration function, cognitive algebra, estimate etc. in Kaohsiung development and direct cross- strait link. The main research method in this study is information integration theory. It can figure the internal process of how individuals deal with a series of variables out, including valuation function, integration function and response function. And integration function is the key of information integration theory. Many researches of information integration theory mentioned that people always make use of simple cognitive algebra to integrate information, as adding rule, multiplying rule and averaging rule. The research result in this study is shown as below: 1. Although the middle and bottom classes in Kaohsiung considered that if opening direct cross- strait link, it can make economic development better, most people thought that it could make social development and political development worse. So they tend to oppose direct cross- strait link. 2. Most white-collar classes in Kaohsiung (including industrial circle, political circle, academic circle, grass-roots circle and mass media circle) considered that if opening direct cross- strait link, it can make economic development, social development and political development better. So they tend to assist direct cross- strait link. 3. In group analysis, the information integration of the industrial circle in " acceptive situation of Kaohsiung development" is different-weight averaging model. They pay much attention to economic development. 4. In group analysis, the information integration of the political circle in " acceptive situation of Kaohsiung development" is different-weight averaging model. They pay much attention to economic development. 5. In group analysis, the information integration of the academic circle in " acceptive situation of Kaohsiung development" is different-weight averaging model. They pay much attention to economic development. 6. In group analysis, the information integration of the grass-roots circle in " acceptive situation of Kaohsiung development" is different-weight averaging model. They pay much attention to social development. 7. In group analysis, the information integration of the mass media circle in " acceptive situation of Kaohsiung development" is different-weight averaging model. They pay much attention to economic development. 8. In individual analysis, 60% people pay much attention to economic development, 22% people pay much attention to social development, and 18% people pay much attention to political development.

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Information integration is considered a source of competitive advantage in the capital projects industry. While it has been broadly implemented, many organizations appear to have achieved only limited benefits from their efforts. This dissertation investigates the complementarity relationship between information technology (IT) use and project execution processes and practices. It asserts that rather than directly improving an organization’s competitive advantage, IT serves instead as a mode to improve existing processes and practices which in turn serve to improve the bottom line. Building from this foundation, the dissertation proceeds to expand its findings to document mechanisms by which various resources influence the complementarity relationship. Topics within this dissertation are investigated with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Using capital projects data, evidence of complementarity is established quantitatively between general use of IT and best practices. The benefits of complementarity in terms of cost, schedule, and rework project performance measures are documented. Data analyses show that more use of IT is associated with more use of best practice; and, projects that intensively implement IT and best practice tend to show superior project performance. Furthermore, by investigating the use of a specific technology, this dissertation presents a thorough statistical analysis showing that IT use affects the use of practices, which together support improved project performance. Next, this dissertation lists organization resources that may affect complementarity. Using sixteen actual information integration cases, the major resources consistently affecting complementarity are identified. Illustrations of seven case studies present how the resources are managed. The case studies are also used when discussing the interaction of IT use and processes generating complementarity. The primary contribution of this research is to provide a quantitative evidence of IT’s indirect impact on construction project performance via practices. A broad discussion citing the range of resources affecting the complementarity and identifying the major ones in the capital projects industry is another contribution of this research. / text

O casamento entre esquemas XML e esquemas relacionais é necessário em diversas aplicações, tais como integração de informação e intercâmbio de dados. Tipicamente o casamento de esquemas é um processo manual, talvez suportado por uma interface grá ca. No entanto, o casamento manual de esquemas muito grandes é um processo dispendioso e sujeito a erros. Disto surge a necessidade de técnicas (semi)-automáticas de casamento de esquemas que auxiliem o usuário fornecendo sugestões de casamento, dessa forma reduzindo o esforço manual aplicado nesta tarefa. Apesar deste tema já ter sido estudado na literatura, o casamento entre esquemas XML e esquemas relacionais é ainda um tema em aberto. Isto porque os trabalhos existentes ou se aplicam para esquemas de nidos no mesmo modelo, ou são genéricos demais para o problema em questão. O objetivo desta dissertação é o desenvolvimento de técnicas especí cas para o casamento de esquemas XML e esquemas relacionais. Tais técnicas exploram as particularidades existentes entre estes esquemas para inferir valores de similaridade entre eles. As técnicas propostas são avaliadas através de experimentos com esquemas do mundo real. / The matching between XML schemas and relational schemas has many applications, such as information integration and data exchange. Typically, schema matching is done manually by domain experts, sometimes using a graphical tool. However, the matching of large schemas is a time consuming and error-prone task. The use of (semi-)automatic schema matching techniques can help the user in nding the correct matches, thereby reducing his labor. The schema matching problem has already been addressed in the literature. Nevertheless, the matching of XML schemas and relational schemas is still an open issue. This comes from the fact that the existing work is whether speci c for schemas designed in the same model, or too generic for the problem in discussion. The mais goal of this dissertation is to develop speci c techniques for the matching of XML schemas and relational schemas. Such techniques exploit the particularities found when analyzing the two schemas together, and use these cues to leverage the matching process. The techniques are evaluated by running experiments with real-world schemas.

A integração e a troca de informação na Web é uma necessidade reconhecida no mundo atual nos mais diversos domínios de aplicação. A Web constitui hoje o principal meio de acesso a informações, disponibilizando várias formas de acesso a esse conteúdo. No entanto, disponibilizar essa informação de forma integrada para o usuário ainda é um desafio. O Serviço Web Semântico é uma tecnologia de Inteligência Artificial promissora a qual pode contribuir significativamente com o processo de integração tanto de dados como de processos disponíveis em portais Web. O objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar a integração das diferentes funcionalidades oferecidas por portais disponibilizados na Web, fazendo uso de ontologias de domínio através de Serviços Web Semânticos. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, um sistema de busca e integração, denominado W-KIS, foi projetado e desenvolvido, fornecendo uma visão unificada e transparente ao usuário de toda informação disponível em um determinado número de portais Web, contextualizados a um domínio de aplicação específico. Dois domínios de aplicação foram explorados neste trabalho através de dois estudos de caso: a Biomedicina e a Geologia, cada um fornecendo sua própria ontologia de domínio. Serviços Web Semânticos foram desenvolvidos para encapsular portais Web em ambos os domínios, permitindo ao sistema realizar a integração em cada domínio, separadamente. A aplicação proposta foi validada através da avaliação de sua atuação em ambos os domínios, além de testes com usuários finais e comparações com outras abordagens para integração na Web e motores de busca tradicionais. Através da utilização de Serviços Web Semânticos, W-KIS é capaz de localizar e executar os serviços de forma automática, além de lidar com a heterogeneidade semântica entre as fontes de informação por meio das ontologias de domínio. Desta forma, o sistema fornece apenas informação contextualizada ao interesse do usuário. / Integration and exchange of information across the Internet is a universally recognized need, in a wide variety of domains. Nowadays, the Web is the main source of information, providing many ways to access this content. However, making this information available to the user in an integrated way is still a challenge. New promising application fields such as Semantic Web Services can improve the integration process of data and processes available in Web portals. The goal of the present research is to accomplish the integration of the different functionalities offered by portals available in the Web, making use of domain ontologies through Semantic Web Services. In order to achieve the proposed goal, a search and integration system, named W-KIS, was designed and developed. The system provides the user with a unified and transparent view of the whole information available in a number of Web portals, related to a specific application domain. Two application domains were explored in this work through two case studies: the Biomedicine and the Geology, each one providing its own domain ontology. Semantic Web Services were designed to encapsulate Web portals in both domains, allowing the system to accomplish the integration in each domain, separately. The application proposed in this project was validated through the evaluation of its behavior in both domains, besides other tests with final users and comparisons with other approaches for integration in the Web, and traditional search engines. Making use of Semantic Web Services, W-KIS is able to find and execute the services in an automatic way, besides dealing with the semantic heterogeneity in the information sources by means of domain ontologies. This way, the system provides the user with information contextualized to its interest.

A integração e a troca de informação na Web é uma necessidade reconhecida no mundo atual nos mais diversos domínios de aplicação. A Web constitui hoje o principal meio de acesso a informações, disponibilizando várias formas de acesso a esse conteúdo. No entanto, disponibilizar essa informação de forma integrada para o usuário ainda é um desafio. O Serviço Web Semântico é uma tecnologia de Inteligência Artificial promissora a qual pode contribuir significativamente com o processo de integração tanto de dados como de processos disponíveis em portais Web. O objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar a integração das diferentes funcionalidades oferecidas por portais disponibilizados na Web, fazendo uso de ontologias de domínio através de Serviços Web Semânticos. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, um sistema de busca e integração, denominado W-KIS, foi projetado e desenvolvido, fornecendo uma visão unificada e transparente ao usuário de toda informação disponível em um determinado número de portais Web, contextualizados a um domínio de aplicação específico. Dois domínios de aplicação foram explorados neste trabalho através de dois estudos de caso: a Biomedicina e a Geologia, cada um fornecendo sua própria ontologia de domínio. Serviços Web Semânticos foram desenvolvidos para encapsular portais Web em ambos os domínios, permitindo ao sistema realizar a integração em cada domínio, separadamente. A aplicação proposta foi validada através da avaliação de sua atuação em ambos os domínios, além de testes com usuários finais e comparações com outras abordagens para integração na Web e motores de busca tradicionais. Através da utilização de Serviços Web Semânticos, W-KIS é capaz de localizar e executar os serviços de forma automática, além de lidar com a heterogeneidade semântica entre as fontes de informação por meio das ontologias de domínio. Desta forma, o sistema fornece apenas informação contextualizada ao interesse do usuário. / Integration and exchange of information across the Internet is a universally recognized need, in a wide variety of domains. Nowadays, the Web is the main source of information, providing many ways to access this content. However, making this information available to the user in an integrated way is still a challenge. New promising application fields such as Semantic Web Services can improve the integration process of data and processes available in Web portals. The goal of the present research is to accomplish the integration of the different functionalities offered by portals available in the Web, making use of domain ontologies through Semantic Web Services. In order to achieve the proposed goal, a search and integration system, named W-KIS, was designed and developed. The system provides the user with a unified and transparent view of the whole information available in a number of Web portals, related to a specific application domain. Two application domains were explored in this work through two case studies: the Biomedicine and the Geology, each one providing its own domain ontology. Semantic Web Services were designed to encapsulate Web portals in both domains, allowing the system to accomplish the integration in each domain, separately. The application proposed in this project was validated through the evaluation of its behavior in both domains, besides other tests with final users and comparisons with other approaches for integration in the Web, and traditional search engines. Making use of Semantic Web Services, W-KIS is able to find and execute the services in an automatic way, besides dealing with the semantic heterogeneity in the information sources by means of domain ontologies. This way, the system provides the user with information contextualized to its interest.

O casamento entre esquemas XML e esquemas relacionais é necessário em diversas aplicações, tais como integração de informação e intercâmbio de dados. Tipicamente o casamento de esquemas é um processo manual, talvez suportado por uma interface grá ca. No entanto, o casamento manual de esquemas muito grandes é um processo dispendioso e sujeito a erros. Disto surge a necessidade de técnicas (semi)-automáticas de casamento de esquemas que auxiliem o usuário fornecendo sugestões de casamento, dessa forma reduzindo o esforço manual aplicado nesta tarefa. Apesar deste tema já ter sido estudado na literatura, o casamento entre esquemas XML e esquemas relacionais é ainda um tema em aberto. Isto porque os trabalhos existentes ou se aplicam para esquemas de nidos no mesmo modelo, ou são genéricos demais para o problema em questão. O objetivo desta dissertação é o desenvolvimento de técnicas especí cas para o casamento de esquemas XML e esquemas relacionais. Tais técnicas exploram as particularidades existentes entre estes esquemas para inferir valores de similaridade entre eles. As técnicas propostas são avaliadas através de experimentos com esquemas do mundo real. / The matching between XML schemas and relational schemas has many applications, such as information integration and data exchange. Typically, schema matching is done manually by domain experts, sometimes using a graphical tool. However, the matching of large schemas is a time consuming and error-prone task. The use of (semi-)automatic schema matching techniques can help the user in nding the correct matches, thereby reducing his labor. The schema matching problem has already been addressed in the literature. Nevertheless, the matching of XML schemas and relational schemas is still an open issue. This comes from the fact that the existing work is whether speci c for schemas designed in the same model, or too generic for the problem in discussion. The mais goal of this dissertation is to develop speci c techniques for the matching of XML schemas and relational schemas. Such techniques exploit the particularities found when analyzing the two schemas together, and use these cues to leverage the matching process. The techniques are evaluated by running experiments with real-world schemas.

O casamento entre esquemas XML e esquemas relacionais é necessário em diversas aplicações, tais como integração de informação e intercâmbio de dados. Tipicamente o casamento de esquemas é um processo manual, talvez suportado por uma interface grá ca. No entanto, o casamento manual de esquemas muito grandes é um processo dispendioso e sujeito a erros. Disto surge a necessidade de técnicas (semi)-automáticas de casamento de esquemas que auxiliem o usuário fornecendo sugestões de casamento, dessa forma reduzindo o esforço manual aplicado nesta tarefa. Apesar deste tema já ter sido estudado na literatura, o casamento entre esquemas XML e esquemas relacionais é ainda um tema em aberto. Isto porque os trabalhos existentes ou se aplicam para esquemas de nidos no mesmo modelo, ou são genéricos demais para o problema em questão. O objetivo desta dissertação é o desenvolvimento de técnicas especí cas para o casamento de esquemas XML e esquemas relacionais. Tais técnicas exploram as particularidades existentes entre estes esquemas para inferir valores de similaridade entre eles. As técnicas propostas são avaliadas através de experimentos com esquemas do mundo real. / The matching between XML schemas and relational schemas has many applications, such as information integration and data exchange. Typically, schema matching is done manually by domain experts, sometimes using a graphical tool. However, the matching of large schemas is a time consuming and error-prone task. The use of (semi-)automatic schema matching techniques can help the user in nding the correct matches, thereby reducing his labor. The schema matching problem has already been addressed in the literature. Nevertheless, the matching of XML schemas and relational schemas is still an open issue. This comes from the fact that the existing work is whether speci c for schemas designed in the same model, or too generic for the problem in discussion. The mais goal of this dissertation is to develop speci c techniques for the matching of XML schemas and relational schemas. Such techniques exploit the particularities found when analyzing the two schemas together, and use these cues to leverage the matching process. The techniques are evaluated by running experiments with real-world schemas.