A importância de avançarmos na discussão de como tornar mais eficaz e significativo o uso e a conservação dos rios em nossas cidades, notadamente em trechos urbanos, mostra-se atualmente cada vez mais iminente, tanto pela expansão desordenada das áreas antropizadas, como pelo consequente alto nível de degradação dos cursos d\"água e da vegetação. Tendo como contexto o estudo de caso da Estância Hidromineral de Monte Alegre do Sul, a dissertação busca caracterizar os corpos d\'água como uma paisagem infra-estrutural e multifuncional através da musealização do seu território de borda e das inter-relações deste com os demais elementos do patrimônio cultural da cidade. Orientada por essa base teórica, apresenta-se uma proposta de intervenção urbana que destaca a transformação da paisagem de borda dos corpos d\"agua em um lugar sensível, de qualidade ambiental e com um conteúdo museológico que gere uma apreensão sobre questões locais assim como sobre toda a sociedade. Uma proposta que adota como premissa a interdisciplinaridade, a valorização dos moradores, destacando seus usos e costumes, e a importância da memória como formadora e transformadora da identidade local, com reflexo direto no desenvolvimento social da própria população. / The importance of moving forward on the discussion of how to make more effective and significant the use and conservation of rivers in our cities, in urban areas, it\"s imminent, as much by the disorderly expansion of the anthropized areas, as by the consequent high level of degradation of the water courses and vegetation. Taking as context the case study of the Estância Hidromineral of Monte Alegre do Sul, the dissertation seeks to characterize the bodies of water as an infrastructure and multifunctional landscape through the musealization of its border territory and the relations with the other elements of the cultural heritage of the City. Guided by this theoretical basis, an urban intervention that highlights the transformation of the border landscape of water bodies in a sensitive place, of environmental quality and of museological content that engenders apprehension about local issues and about the society as well. A proposal that adopts as a premise the interdisciplinarity, the valorization of the residents, highlighting their usages and customs, and the importance of memory as a transformation of local identity, with a direct development of the population itself.

Submitted by Ivone Costa (mivone@ufpa.br) on 2018-02-20T13:42:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_DireitoCidadeDesconformidades.pdf: 6950351 bytes, checksum: 13881ec578328537493128d2ce62d598 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ivone Costa (mivone@ufpa.br) on 2018-02-20T13:44:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_DireitoCidadeDesconformidades.pdf: 6950351 bytes, checksum: 13881ec578328537493128d2ce62d598 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-20T13:44:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_DireitoCidadeDesconformidades.pdf: 6950351 bytes, checksum: 13881ec578328537493128d2ce62d598 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-21 / O Brasil é um país continental e urbano, no qual mais de 80% da população vive nas cidades, em condições de irregularidade, ilegalidade e clandestinidade, com elevado estágio de insustentabilidade para maioria da população. Houve muitos avanços legislativos e administrativos, em especial a sanção do Estatuto da Cidade, em 2001, e a criação do Ministério das Cidades, em 2003, porém, tais avanços ainda não produziram resultados no sentido de reverter o quadro de precariedade e de desconformidades urbanas, decorrente dos conflitos entre o processo de ocupação e o sistema jurídico brasileiro, tendo em vista a magnitude, histórico e caráter multifacetado do problema, advindo desde o período colonial. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa objetivou identificar, classificar e medir as condições de desconformidades urbanas. Para tanto, criou-se um modelo denominado MAIT (Matriz de Amplitude, Intensidade e Taxa) que expressa em termos percentuais esta condição, através de trinta e seis variáveis dicotômicas, distribuídas em doze dimensões, aglutinadas em quatro naturezas (Patrimonial Fundiária, Urbana Ambiental, Infraestrutural e Socioeconômica). O modelo foi aplicado em 1935 imóveis localizados em assentamento consolidado nas terras UFPA/União, situado no entorno do campus universitário, nos bairros do Guamá, Terra-Firme e Marco, objeto de regularização fundiária desenvolvida pela União nos último três anos. A pesquisa demonstra que a amplitude (48,3%) e a intensidade (44,8%) apresentam-se de forma moderada, enquanto que a taxa de imóveis desconformes atinge o limite máximo de 100%, mas quando analisada em suas distintas partes demonstram significativa variação entre estas grandezas, seja na totalidade ou nas partes do assentamento analisado. / Brazil is a continental and urban country, which more than 80% of population lives in the cities, in irregular and illegal conditions with an elevated stage of insustentability to the major of population. There were many legislative and administrative advances, in special the sanction of the Statute of the City in 2001, and the creation of the Ministry of Cities in 2003, but such advances still haven't produced results in the sense to revert this precarious and urban disconforming situation, resulted from the conflicts between the occupation process and the brazilian legalization process, intending the magnitude, historical and multifaceted character of the problem, originated since the colonial period. In this sense, this research objective was to identify, classify and measure the conditions of urban disconforming. Such for, was created a model nominated MAIT - Matriz de Amplitude, Intensidade e Taxa (Amplitude, Intensity and Rate Matrix), which expresses in percentual terms this conditions, by thirty six dichotomous variables, distributed in twelve dimensions, agglutinated in four natures (Land patrimonial, Environmental urban, Infrastructural and Socioeconomic). This model was applied in 1935 realties, located in consolidated settlements, at UFPA/Union, situated around the University campus, in the neighborhoods of Guamá, Terra-Firme e Marco, land regularization object developed by the Union in the last three years. The research demonstrates that the amplitude (48,3%) and the intensity (44,8%) are presented in a moderate way, whereas the rate of disconforming realties comes to the maximum limit of 100%, but when analyzed in its distinct parts, demonstrates significant variability between these magnitudes, is either entirely or in parts of the settlement analyzed

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have typically been produced using organic liquids such as acetonitrile as the electrolyte solvent. In real world situations water can permeate into the cell through sealing materials and is also likely to be introduced during the fabrication process. This is a problem as the introduction of water into cells optimized to use an organic solvent tends to be detrimental to cell performance. In this work DSSCs which are optimized to use water as the main electrolyte solvent are produced and characterized. Optimization of aqueous DSSCs resulted in cells with efficiencies up to 3.5% being produced. In terms of characterization, it is generally seen in this work that aqueous DSSCs produce a lower photocurrent but similar photovoltage compared to DSSCs made using acetonitrile and reasons for this are examined in detail. The decreased ability of the aqueous electrolyte to wet the nanoporous TiO2 compared to an acetonitrile electrolyte is found to be a key difficulty and several possible solutions to this problem are examined. By measuring the photocurrent output of aqueous cells as a function of xy position it can be seen that there is some dye dissolution near to the electrolyte filling holes. This is thought to be linked to pH and the effect of 4-tert-butylpyridine and may also decrease the photocurrent. It is found that there is little difference between the two types of cells in terms of the conduction band position and the reaction of electrons in the semiconductor with triiodide in the electrolyte, explaining the similarity in photovoltage. By altering the pH of the electrolyte in an aqueous cell it is found to be possible to change the TiO2 conduction band position in the DSSC. This has a significant effect on the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the cell, though the pH range available is limited by the fact that dye desorbs at high pH values.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioHVCS.pdf: 377178 bytes, checksum: 09ec26bbc3b2869ee17c8b8c3044e7a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-14 / The object of this study was to identify the possibility of predicting the involvement in traffic infractions from the results of the psychological tests carried out by psychologists specialized in the process of driver licensing in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN). The proposal consisted in identifying the penalty points recorded in national driving licenses (CNH) and identifying the corresponding tests and scores obtained, verifying if the average scores in the tests of drivers with and without an infraction record were significantly different and if there is any relation between the test scores and the frequency of the infractions. The results of the psychological instruments were collected in two moments the first being in the act of acquisition of the CNH and the second being during license renewal at the only certified clinic and at the DETRAN-RN. A population of 839 drivers of 14 municipalities were identified. 127 protocols of psychological tests were identified in the records of the DETRAN-RN (2002) and 76 at the clinic (2007), pointing out failures in the process of safekeeping of the psychological material, as well as in its retrieval from the record files. The sample was thus reduced to 68 drivers, all male, with age range between 18 and 41 years old, mean of 21,72 years old (DP = 5,24). 54 drivers were identified without a record of infraction, and 14 with a record. The latter committed 29 infractions. The penalty points recorded in their CNH ranged from 0 to 35 and the typical value of points (median) was zero. In the group with a record of infractions the number of points ranged between 3 and 35, mean of 10,79 (DP = 7,73). Differences were observed in the composition of the battery of tests in the two moments with the same subjects. The use of different tests to assess the same construct of the subject, first and second moment of assessment, did not allow for some analyzes with more efficient statistical proof. It was pointed out that five tests were not carried out and 118 were not corrected/analyzed. Significant differences between the groups were not identified with the psychological instruments used. In another attempt to establish differences between the means, the application of the independent t-Test evidenced a significant difference in the scores of the instruments of concentrated attention in 2002 (t = 2,21, gl = 25, p = 0.037) and of diffuse attention in 2002 (t = 2,37, gl = 24, p = 0.026). The results also did not evidence significant correlation between the scores of the tests and the penalty points of the infractions. Based on this study, it cannot be concluded with precision that the high or low scores are good criteria to determine that a driver will commit more or less traffic infractions, nor that the drivers with higher scores in the tests commit less infractions and vice-versa. Furthermore, the problems to find the instruments and the most basic data require a stronger monitoring on the part of the certified clinic and of the DETRAN-RN. / O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a possibilidade de prever o envolvimento em infra??es de tr?nsito a partir dos resultados dos testes psicol?gicos aplicados por psic?logos peritos no processo de habilita??o de condutores no Rio Grande do Norte (RN). A proposta consistiu em identificar os pontos na carteira nacional de habilita??o (CNH) e identificar os testes e os escores obtidos, verificando se os escores m?dios dos testes dos motoristas com e sem registro de infra??o s?o significativamente distintos e se existem rela??es entre os escores dos testes e a freq??ncia de infra??es. Os resultados dos instrumentos psicol?gicos foram coletados em dois momentos - sendo o primeiro no ato da aquisi??o da CNH e o segundo na renova??o - na ?nica cl?nica credenciada e no DETRAN-RN. Identificou-se uma popula??o de 839 condutores de 14 munic?pios. Encontraram-se nos arquivos do DETRAN-RN 127 protocolos de testes psicol?gicos aplicados (2002) e 76 na cl?nica (2007), evidenciando falhas no processo de guarda do material psicol?gico, bem como de sua recupera??o nos arquivos. A amostra ficou reduzida a 68 motoristas, todos do sexo masculino, com idade de 18 a 41 anos, m?dia de 21,72 anos (DP = 5,24). Identificaram-se 54 motoristas sem registros de infra??o e 14 com registro. Estes ?ltimos cometeram 29 infra??es. A pontua??o na CNH variou de 0 a 35 e o valor t?pico de pontos (mediana) foi zero. No grupo com registro de infra??o a pontua??o variou de 3 a 35, m?dia de 10,79 (DP = 7,73). Observaram-se diferen?as na composi??o das baterias de testes nos dois momentos nos mesmos sujeitos. O uso de testes diferentes para avaliar um mesmo construto do sujeito, primeiro e segundo momento de avalia??o, impossibilitou algumas an?lises com provas estat?sticas mais eficientes. Evidenciou-se que cinco testes n?o foram aplicados e 118 n?o foram corrigidos/analisados. N?o foram identificadas diferen?as significativas entre os grupos nos instrumentos psicol?gicos aplicados. Em outra tentativa para estabelecer diferen?as entre as m?dias, a aplica??o do Teste t independente evidenciou uma diferen?a significativa nos escores nos instrumentos de aten??o concentrada em 2002 (t = 2,21, gl = 25, p = 0.037) e da aten??o difusa em 2002 (t = 2,37, gl = 24, p = 0.026). Os resultados tamb?m n?o evidenciaram correla??es significativas entre os escores dos testes e as pontua??es das infra??es. Com base neste estudo, n?o se pode concluir com precis?o que os altos ou baixos escores s?o bons crit?rios para definir que um motorista cometer? mais ou menos infra??o de tr?nsito, nem que os motoristas com maiores escores nos testes cometem menos infra??o e vice-versa. Al?m disso, os problemas para se encontrar os instrumentos e os dados mais b?sicos requer um acompanhamento mais aprofundado por parte da cl?nica credenciada e do DETRAN-RN.

Ce travail est axé sur l'étude de l'évaporation lente d'un liquide confiné dans un tube capillaire de section carrée, en lien avec l'étude du phénomène de séchage. Dans un tel capillaire, si le liquide est suffisamment mouillant, des films liquides se forment par capillarité le long des coins internes. L'évaporation du liquide en sommet de film engendre un pompage capillaire et l'espèce volatile est alors transportée, sous phase liquide, au plus près du sommet du capillaire. Ce mode de transport dépend de la compétition entre les effets capillaires et les effets visqueux et de gravité qui s'opposent tous deux au mouvement du liquide vers le sommet du capillaire. Ces films liquides sont étudiés en adoptant une approche expérimentale. Le principe des expériences est de laisser un liquide volatil s'évaporer dans un tube capillaire carré. Plusieurs expériences d'évaporation sont réalisées en faisant varier la nature du liquide, la taille du capillaire et son orientation (horizontale et verticale). Une méthode de thermographie infra-rouge permet de mesurer le profil de température le long du capillaire. Le refroidissement induit par le changement de phase liquide-vapeur ainsi que sa position sont alors mesurables. A partir d'une méthode de visualisation par ombroscopie, plusieurs grandeurs sont mesurées : position du ménisque principal, taux d'évaporation et épaisseur relative des films. En s'appuyant sur une analyse simple du transfert de masse, on montre alors que les cinétiques d'évaporation obtenues expérimentalement se divisent en trois principales phases caractéristiques, ressemblant fortement aux trois périodes de la cinétique classique de séchage des milieux poreux capillaires. L'analyse de l'hydrodynamique des films montre qu'il est indispensable de prendre en compte l'arrondi interne des coins des capillaires dans la modélisation de l'écoulement au sein des films. On montre notamment que le phénomène étudié est très sensible à ce paramètre, qui limite l'extension des films. Ce travail expérimental a permis de développer une modélisation du transfert de masse dans la configuration étudiée, couplée à une modélisation de l'écoulement des films, et finalement de proposer un modèle de séchage d'un capillaire carré quantitativement satisfaisant. / In connection with the study of the phenomenon of drying, this work focuses on the study of slow evaporation of a liquid confined in a capillary of square cross section. In such a capillary, if the liquid wetting contact angle is low enough, liquid films are trapped by capillary forces along the capillary inside corners. Evaporation of the liquid at the film top creates a capillary pumping. The volatile species is then transported in liquid phase to the top of the capillary. This efficient mode of transport depends on the competition between the effects of capillarity and the effects of viscosity and gravity both opposing to the liquid flow towards the top of the capillary. In this work, the liquid films are studied experimentally.The principle of the experiments is to leave a volatile liquid evaporate in a square capillary tube. Several evaporation experiments are conducted, varying the liquid, the capillary tube size and its orientation (horizontal and vertical). An infrared thermography method allows to measure the temperature profile along the capillary. The cooling induced by the liquid-vapor phase change and its location is then measured. Owing to an ombroscopy visualization method, the location of the bulk meniscus, the evaporation rate and the relative thickness of the films can be measured. The experimental results show that the evaporation kinetics is similar to the drying kinetics of capillary porous media. This finding allows to study evaporation in a square capillary by analogy with the study of drying of capillary porous media. Based on a simple analysis of mass transfer in the system, it is then shown that the evaporation kinetics obtained experimentally can be divided into three main characteristic phases. The analysis of the hydrodynamic of the films shows that it is essential to take into account the roundeness of the capillary tube inside corners in the modelling of the flow in the films. We show that the phenomenon studied is very sensitive to the degree of roundedness of the tube internal corners, which limits the extension of the films. Modelling of the mass transfer coupled with modelling the film flow lead to a quantitatively satisfactory model of the drying of a square capillary tube.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / No Brasil, a produÃÃo anual declarada de resÃduos pneumÃticos à da ordem de 40 milhÃes de unidades, estimando um descarte de pelo menos 25 milhÃes de pneus por ano. Segundo estatÃstica da AssociaÃÃo Nacional da IndÃstria de PneumÃticos, 100 milhÃes de pneus inservÃveis estÃo espalhados pelo paÃs em aterros, terrenos baldios, rios e lagos, causando enormes problemas de ordem ambiental. Com a resoluÃÃo 258 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente, CONAMA, a reciclagem de pneus inservÃveis passou a ser obrigatÃria em 2005, sendo a proporÃÃo desta reciclagem de 120%, ou seja, a cada 4 pneus produzidos ou importados, 5 tem que ser reciclados, contribuindo, assim, para a eliminaÃÃo do passivo ambiental existente. A presente dissertaÃÃo trata de uma anÃlise quÃmica e reolÃgica de ligantes asfÃlticos modificados com borracha de pneu, com o intuito de melhorar o desempenho dos ligantes, quando aplicados nos revestimentos asfÃlticos, bem como minimizar o problema ambiental. Para modificar o ligante asfÃltico foi utilizado o processo Ãmido, sendo verificado o comportamento de diferentes teores de Ãleo aromÃtico (2,5; 4,5 e 6,0%) e a granulometria da borracha de pneu moÃdo (BPM 3) passando na peneira de N 80 (0,180mm) com teor de 20% em peso (p/p). Para efeito de comparaÃÃo foi analisada uma amostra comercial de asfalto-borracha. O estudo das amostras produzidas em laboratÃrio e comercial foi realizado em um reÃmetro de cisalhamento dinÃmico (DSR) e a caracterizaÃÃo quÃmica em um espectrÃmetro na regiÃo do infravermelho (FTIR). O Ãleo aromÃtico influenciou nas propriedades quÃmicas e reolÃgicas do ligante modificado em laboratÃrio, tendo em vista que os espectros na regiÃo do infravermelho apresentaram o aparecimento de novas bandas. A viscosidade diminui com a presenÃa do Ãleo e melhorou a trabalhabilidade do material. A regiÃo de viscoelasticidade linear foi maior para a amostra que continha 4,5 e 6,0% de Ãleo aromÃtico. Nas curvas mestras foi observado que a borracha pode diminuir trincamentos por fadiga em temperaturas intermediÃrias e proporcionaram um comportamento elÃstico superior ao das amostras de ligante asfÃltico puro, bem como a formaÃÃo de um platà que indica uma rede polimÃrica no ligante modificado. Os ligantes modificados produzidos em laboratÃrio apresentaram desempenhos superiores com relaÃÃo à amostra comercial e ligante asfÃltico puro. Pode-se atribuir as diferenÃas Ãs caracterÃsticas como teor de borracha, tipo de ligante asfÃltico puro e diluente utilizado durante a modificaÃÃo do LAB / In Brazil, the annual production of waste tires is in the order of 40 million units, with an estimated tire disposal of at least 25 million units per year. According to statistics of the National Association of Tire Industry, 100 million of useless tires are spread around the country in landfills, vacant land, rivers and lakes, causing enormous environment damage. The recycling of scrap tires has become mandatory since 2005 according to the resolution 258 of the National Council on the Environment (NCE) and the recycling rate must be of 120%, i.e., for every 4 tires produced or imported, 5 have to be recycled, thus contributing to the elimination of existing scrap tires. This dissertation deals with the chemical and rheological analysis of asphalt binder modified with rubber tires in order to improve the performance, when applied to the asphalt coating, and minimize the environmental problem. The wet process was used to modify the binder. It was verified the effect of different levels of aromatic oil (2.5, 4.5 and 6.0%) and the particle size of the incorporated rubber through the sieve passing 80 (0.180mm) containing 20% by weight (w/w). For comparison purposes, it was considered a commercial sample of rubber asphalt. The rheological study of samples produced in laboratory and commercially available was conducted in a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and the chemical analysis was performed in an infrared spectrometer with Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). The aromatic oil influenced the chemical and rheological properties of the modified binder produced in the laboratory, since the spectra in the infrared showed the appearance of new bands. Viscosity decreased with the presence of oil and the workability of the material was improved. The region of linear viscoelasticity was higher for the sample that contained 4.5 and 6.0% aromatic oil. The master curves showed that rubber can reduce fatigue in intermediate temperatures and provide a greater elastic response for the modified samples. It was observed a plateau in the  master curves which indicates the formation of a polymer network in the modified binder. The modified binder produced in the laboratory showed a greater performance with respect to the commercial sample and the pure asphalt binder. The differences in the rheological behavior of the samples can be attributed to the rubber content, type of asphalt binder and rubber used during the modification process

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-01T19:08:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VictorNogueiraTeixeiraMota.pdf: 10378249 bytes, checksum: 880b9599e08ab5e5f7a0bd7c97ddcb71 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T19:08:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VictorNogueiraTeixeiraMota.pdf: 10378249 bytes, checksum: 880b9599e08ab5e5f7a0bd7c97ddcb71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / Housing with dignity in Brazil still does not reach the entire population. There are people who live in properties in precarious situations of safety and health. Besides not having a comfortable shelter to live, many people have no access to electricity and precious to the sustainable development of the population. This work is discussed and developed a rural housing model that meets low cost criteria, environmental comfort for users and energy efficiency. The National Program for Rural Housing the federal government aims to eradicate substandard housing, but housing conditions the granting of the prior existence of electricity in the community, which in many cases is isolated and does not have a utility power network. This work is raising questions about the rural electrification through a comparative analysis of models and incentive policies for PV solar energy in Brazil and worldwide, identifying strengths and to improve the energy matrix of the country, serving isolated households in urban centers and ensuring quality of life for these citizens. The main motivation is to give an indication for rural housing policies, in order to facilitate the extension of this benefit to under served rural sectors by electrification programs, whose condition is mandatory for eligibility of rural housing programs. The results encourage the spread of solar PV technology as an alternative and promising renewable source in Brazil. / Habitação com dignidade no Brasil ainda não atinge a totalidade da população. Há pessoas que habitam imóveis em situações precárias de segurança e salubridade. Além de não terem um abrigo confortável para residir, muitas pessoas não tem acesso a energia eletrica, bem precioso para o desenvolvimento sustentável da população. Neste trabalho é discutido e desenvolvido um modelo de habitação rural que atende critérios de baixo custo, de conforto ambiental para os usuários e de eficiência energética. O Programa Nacional de Habitação Rural do governo federal visa a erradicação de habitações precárias, porém, condiciona a concessão da moradia a existência prévia de energia elétrica na comunidade, a qual em muitos casos e isolada e não possui rede de energia da concessionária. Este trabalho vem levantar questões acerca da eletrificação rural, através de uma análise comparativa dos modelos e políticas de incentivo a energia solar fotovoltaica no Brasil e no mundo, identificando pontos positivos e a melhorar a matriz elétrica do país, atendendo domicílios isolados dos centros urbanos e garantindo qualidade de vida a estes cidadãos. A principal motivação é dar um indicativo para as políticas de habitação rural, de forma a viabilizar a extensão deste beneficio para setores rurais desassistidos por programas de eletrificação, cuja condição é mandatória para elegibilidade de programas de habitação rural. Os resultados obtidos fomentam a disseminação da tecnologia de energia solar fotovoltaica como fonte renovável alternativa e bastante promissora no Brasil.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-03-23T13:25:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 L?GIA PARREIRA MUNIZ G?AL.pdf: 5270981 bytes, checksum: 96b0646b01e474b8307ad43548bce884 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T13:25:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 L?GIA PARREIRA MUNIZ G?AL.pdf: 5270981 bytes, checksum: 96b0646b01e474b8307ad43548bce884 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The formation of cities has shaped the urban street canyons, defined by the street and the buildings that extend along its sides. The land use and occupation are agents that modify the climate, however this is rarely considered in the urban planning of cities. Aspects like height and width ratio, sky view factor, albedo of the surface materials and the presence of vegetation in the canyon have been widely studied in association with the local climatic behavior. Understanding the influence of these parameters on the microclimate of urban street canyons is indispensable to achieve sustainability between urban occupation and thermal comfort. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to investigate the interference of land use and occupation legislation and urban geometry in the microclimate of an urban street canyon in Campinas/ SP. The methodology used involves the climatic monitoring of the study area in Cambu? (neighborhood), the urban and climatic characterization of three points with different land use and occupation configurations and the selection of the canyon used for simulation scenarios. These scenarios involve two main aspects: the local urban legislation and the canyon geometry (height width ratio - H/W and length height ratio - L/H). The simulations were performed using the microclimatic simulation model ENVI-met 4.0 preview. Scenarios in agreement with the local legislation showed that, in winter, only 25% of day perceived discomfort to heat. In the other hand, in the summer period, a comfortable feeling was perceived in only 25% of the day, providing discomfort to the heat for the rest of the day. In the scenarios varying the urban geometry it was verified that, for scenarios with the same H/W ratio, the PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature) value did not suffer significant alteration. However, when the L/H ratio was fixed and the H/W ratio varied, we noted that deeper canyons led to lower PET peaks. The scenario A, for example, with a lower H/W ratio (0.5) and lower L/H (3) ratio, showed PET peak 7.3?C higher than the scenario I with a higher H/W ratio (2.0) and higher L/H ratio (7). The results showed that there is a strong correlation between the H/W ratio and the thermal comfort of the urban street canyons: deeper canyons yield lower PET values. Moreover, it was verified that the climatic conditions of the canyon are independent of their length (L/H ratio) and that canyons oriented in the prevailing wind direction (SE) reached lower PET values. Finally, it was evidenced that shading and wind speed are fundamental in determining comfort in urban street canyons. / A forma??o das cidades tem configurado os chamados c?nions urbanos, definidos pela interface composta pela via e as edifica??es que se estendem em suas laterais. O uso e ocupa??o do solo s?o agentes modificadores do clima e, no entanto, este ?ltimo tem sido pouco levado em considera??o no planejamento urbano dos munic?pios. Entretanto, aspectos como a rela??o altura e largura do c?nion, o fator de vis?o do c?u, o albedo dos materiais de superf?cie e a presen?a de vegeta??o no c?nion t?m sido amplamente estudados em associa??o com o comportamento clim?tico local. Neste contexto, entender a influ?ncia desses par?metros no microclima de c?nions urbanos ? de fundamental import?ncia para se atingir a sustentabilidade entre ocupa??o urbana e conforto t?rmico. Em vista disso, o objetivo deste trabalho ? analisar a interfer?ncia da legisla??o de uso e ocupa??o do solo e da geometria urbana no microclima de um c?nion urbano da cidade de Campinas/ SP. Para isso foi utilizada uma metodologia que envolve o monitoramento clim?tico do recorte de estudo selecionado no bairro Cambu?, a caracteriza??o urbana e clim?tica de tr?s pontos com diferentes configura??es de uso e ocupa??o do solo e a escolha do c?nion de interesse para simula??o de cen?rios que envolvem dois aspectos principais: a legisla??o urban?stica local e a geometria do c?nion (rela??o altura largura ? H/W e rela??o comprimento altura ? L/H). As simula??es foram realizadas com o modelo de simula??o microclim?tica ENVI-met 4.0 preview. Nos cen?rios respeitando a legisla??o o desconforto para o calor foi observado em apenas 25% do dia no per?odo de inverno; j? no per?odo de ver?o a sensa??o de conforto foi obtida em apenas 25% do dia, sendo observado desconforto para o calor no restante do dia. Nos cen?rios variando a geometria urbana verificou-se que, para cen?rios de mesma rela??o H/W, o valor do PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature) n?o sofreu altera??o significativa. J? quando se fixou a rela??o L/H e variou-se a rela??o H/W, ficou claro que c?nions mais profundos levaram a picos de PET mais baixos. O cen?rio A, por exemplo, de menor rela??o H/W (0,5) e menor rela??o L/H (3), apresentou pico de PET 7,3?C mais alto que o cen?rio I, de maior rela??o H/W (2,0) e maior rela??o L/H (7). Os resultados mostraram que existe forte correla??o entre a rela??o H/W e o conforto t?rmico dos c?nions urbanos: quanto mais profundo, menores os valores de pico do ?ndice PET. Al?m disso, verificou-se que c?nions orientados na dire??o predominante dos ventos alcan?aram valores de PET mais baixos. Por fim, foi evidenciado que o sombreamento da superf?cie e a intensidade da velocidade do vento s?o fundamentais na determina??o do conforto t?rmico em c?nions urbanos.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-03-23T14:31:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adilson Nunes Ruiz.pdf: 6007533 bytes, checksum: 99ead3c6678aa04d133ce01f857fe6f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T14:31:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adilson Nunes Ruiz.pdf: 6007533 bytes, checksum: 99ead3c6678aa04d133ce01f857fe6f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-07 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo - FAPESP / In view of the large volume of waste generated by the construction industry coupled with the growing understanding of environmental preservation by the population, it was necessary to carry out studies with the firm intention of reusing these wastes. This work focuses on the residues generated in the area of road pavement construction, especially those resulting from the maintenance, restoration and improvement of roads paved with asphalt concrete. As the use of this material is not always carried out in a technical and adequate way, even though several studies are directed to the good technique of using recycled asphalt pavement, this work intends to present another technical form for the application of this important residue, to use in the construction of rigid concrete barriers and in gutters, half wire and gutters. These services normally run within the road works, that is, it aims to keep the material generated within the limits of the generating source. In order to achieve this, studies focused on meeting the technical specifications of the National Department of Infrastructure and Transport (DNIT) and the Department of Roads of the State of S?o Paulo (DER-SP), minimizing the output of milling from the generating source, considering that these public agencies are the main sources of this waste and performers of the services for which it is intended. This study compared the physical characteristics of conventional concrete and concrete with embedded asphalt milling, thus evaluating its technical, economic feasibility and environmental. The study was carried out in concrete with a characteristic compressive strength of 25MPa, intended for road safety elements, and at 20MPa for surface drainage elements. It was observed that the increase of recycled asphalt pavement in the concrete mixture directly influences the mechanical resistance, reducing its resistant capacity. When analyzing the substitution content of recycled asphalt pavement in the mix, it was found that percentages higher than 15% substantially affect the concrete's strength properties. The concrete with recycled asphalt pavement presents less rise and absorption of water by capillarity, as well as less absorption in the test of immersion, important qualities for mixtures that will be destined to the manufacture of structures that will be exposed to the elements or the contact with the water. The use of this residue in the concrete generates reduction in the cost of manufacture, besides providing reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2). In Brazil, it can be estimated that the use of asphalt milling in the concretes studied, can generate the approximate annual reduction of 270 thousand tCO2, besides saving approximately US$ 97 million/year through the sale of CO2 ("green" income) And the reduction of costs with the acquisition of natural raw materials extracted from deposits (sand and crushed stone), as well as to finance with this amount the construction of approximately 23 thousand popular residences of 40m2. / Tendo em vista o grande volume gerado de res?duos pela ind?stria da constru??o aliado ao fato do crescente entendimento pela popula??o da preserva??o ambiental, fez-se necess?ria a realiza??o de estudos com o firme prop?sito de reutiliz?-los. Este trabalho foca no res?duo gerado na ?rea da constru??o de pavimenta??o vi?ria, principalmente naqueles advindos das obras de manuten??o, restaura??o e melhoria do leito vi?rio pavimentado revestido com concreto asf?ltico. Como a utiliza??o deste material ? realizada nem sempre de forma t?cnica e adequada, mesmo tendo diversos estudos direcionados ? boa t?cnica de utiliza??o do fresado asf?ltico, este trabalho tem a pretens?o de apresentar mais uma forma t?cnica para a aplica??o deste importante res?duo, o de utilizar na constru??o de barreiras r?gidas de concreto e em canaletas, meios fio e sarjetas. Servi?os estes normalmente executados dentro das obras vi?rias, ou seja, visa manter o material gerado dentro dos limites da fonte geradora. Para isso, foram realizados estudos focados em atender as especifica??es t?cnicas do Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura e Transporte (DNIT) e do Departamento de Estradas de Rodagem do Estado de S?o Paulo (DER-SP) em parte das obras de seguran?a vi?ria e drenagem, tendo em vista que estes ?rg?os p?blicos tem o dom?nio das principais fontes geradoras deste res?duo e s?o executores dos servi?os ao qual se destina. Este estudo comparou as caracter?sticas f?sicas do concreto convencional e do concreto com fresado asf?ltico incorporado, avaliando assim a sua viabilidade t?cnica, econ?mica e ambiental. O estudo foi realizado em concreto com resist?ncia caracter?stica ? compress?o de 25MPa, destinado a elementos de seguran?a vi?ria, e com 20MPa, para os elementos de drenagem superficial. Foi constatado que o incremento de fresado asf?ltico na mistura do concreto influencia diretamente nas resist?ncias mec?nicas, reduzindo sua capacidade resistente. Ao analisar o teor de substitui??o de fresado asf?ltico na mistura, foi constatado que percentuais superiores a 15% afetam substancialmente as propriedades mec?nicas do concreto. O concreto com fresado asf?ltico apresenta menor ascens?o e absor??o de ?gua por capilaridade, bem como menor absor??o no ensaio de imers?o, qualidades importantes para misturas que ser?o destinadas ? fabrica??o de estruturas que ficar?o expostas ?s intemp?ries ou ao contato com a ?gua. O uso deste res?duo no concreto gera redu??o no custo de fabrica??o, al?m de proporcionar redu??o da emiss?o de gases do efeito estufa (CO2). No Brasil, pode-se estimar que o uso do fresado asf?ltico nos concretos estudados, pode gerar a redu??o anual aproximada de 270mil tCO2, al?m de possibilitar economia aproximada de US$ 97 milh?es/ano atrav?s da comercializa??o do CO2 (renda ?verde?) e da redu??o de custos com a aquisi??o de mat?rias primas naturais extra?das de jazidas (areia e pedra britada), bem como financiar com este valor a constru??o de aproximadamente 23mil resid?ncias populares de 40m?.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-20T16:31:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizGoncalvesBomtempoDissertacao2016.pdf: 2602770 bytes, checksum: 47cd3946daa9c0d6a7126813123cdd0b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-20T16:31:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizGoncalvesBomtempoDissertacao2016.pdf: 2602770 bytes, checksum: 47cd3946daa9c0d6a7126813123cdd0b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T16:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizGoncalvesBomtempoDissertacao2016.pdf: 2602770 bytes, checksum: 47cd3946daa9c0d6a7126813123cdd0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-01 / The present paper intends to deal with the tributary fines based on the article 44 from the act No. 9.430, year 1996 in case of offense to the legal statements that determine payment of Corporate Income Taxes and the Social Contribution on Net Profit as monthly advancement entered, added to the fine for noncompliance of those taxes. As introduction, relevant aspects of the Sanctioning Tax Law, its torts and sanctions will be discussed. We will see a topic concerning with the principles adopted in the Sanctioning Tax. The distinction between the tax criminal law and the criminal tax law will be made as well as the discrimination of the tributary crimes and their sanctions, and also the identification of their species and classifications. We will analyze some specificities that characterize the crimes against the tributary order. In the study of the administrative sanctions related to the taxation, we will discuss the tax fine and its various aspects. Besides that, we will weight on tax liability, both objective and subjective, on tributary torts, furthermore the aspects which involve the main and the ancillary obligations, just as the substantial and formal tax law violation. We will analyze the modifications imposed by the presidential act named Medida Provis??ria No. 351/2007, which has given a new redaction of the article 44 from the law No. 9.430, year 1996 and above all, the changes in the jurisprudence of the CARF that stands for Conselho Administrativo de Recursos Fiscais, the Federal Administrative Tax Appeals Council in Brazil. The structure of the Federal Tax Office and the CARF and the way that they are governed will be presented. We are going to analyze the theses that have been thriving on the judgements of the Federal Court and in the CARF in order to preclude colletion of both fines, Isolated and proportional, in the same fiscal period. / No presente estudo, tratar-se-?? das multas tribut??rias previstas no art. 44 da Lei n?? 9.430, de 1996, em raz??o das infra????es cometidas por falta de pagamento das antecipa????es mensais lan??adas, cumulativamente, com a multa por descumprimento da obriga????o principal, relativas ao Imposto de Renda das Pessoas Jur??dicas e da Contribui????o Social sobre o Lucro L??quido. De forma introdut??ria, ser??o abordados aspectos relevantes do direito sancionador tribut??rio, de seus il??citos e san????es. Veremos um t??pico a respeito dos princ??pios adotados no Direito Tribut??rio Sancionador. Ser?? feita a distin????o entre o direito penal tribut??rio e direito tribut??rio penal, bem como a discrimina????o dos crimes tribut??rios e suas san????es, e tamb??m a identifica????o das suas esp??cies e classifica????es. Analisaremos algumas especificidades dos crimes contra a ordem tribut??ria. No estudo das san????es administrativas relacionadas ?? atividade tribut??ria, abordaremos a multa fiscal nos seus v??rios aspectos. Al??m disso, trataremos das responsabilidades objetiva e subjetiva nos il??citos tribut??rios, dos aspectos que envolvem as obriga????es principal e acess??ria, assim como das infra????es fiscal substancial e fiscal formal. Analisaremos as modifica????es impostas pela Medida Provis??ria n?? 351/2007, que deu nova reda????o ao art. 44 da Lei n?? 9.430, de 1996, e, sobretudo, as mudan??as da jurisprud??ncia produzida pelo Conselho Administrativo de Recursos Fiscais. Ser?? apresentada a estrutura das Delegacias da Receita Federal de Julgamentos (DRJ), bem como do Conselho Administrativo de Recursos Fiscais (CARF) e como s??o regidos. Analisaremos as teses que t??m prosperado nos julgamentos da Justi??a Federal e do CARF no sentido de impossibilitar a cobran??a das duas multas isolada e proporcional num mesmo exerc??cio financeiro.