International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1992 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / An orbiting sensor module, designed by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL), performed a number of significant Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) Delta 181 program experiments. These experiments required on-orbit command and monitor operations involving a worldwide network of ground facilities. A major component was the sensor module command center (SMCC), which was designed and integrated by JHU/APL. The SMCC, located at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), connected to a network of Eastern Test Range, Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN), Kennedy Space Center, and Western Test Range assets. The complex nature of the mission presented numerous challenges to the design, integration, and operation of the SMCC. This paper presents a functional overview of SMCC design as well as unique aspects of supporting ground network telemetry and command operation.

Vi lever i ett samhälle där arbete för en hållbar utveckling uppmärksammas allt mer. Företag kan påverka samhället och miljön omkring dem både positivt och negativt. Genom en hållbarhetsredovisning kan företagen att redovisa sin påverkan på sin omgivning. En hållbarhetsredovisning är en sammanställning över företagets ekonomiska, miljömässiga och sociala effekter. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) är en organisation och de tillhandahåller världens mest använda riktlinjer för upprättandet av hållbarhetsredovisningar. Uppsatsens syfte är att skapa en djupare förståelse för om GRI:s riktlinjer för upprättandet av hållbarhetsredovisningar bidrar till hållbar utveckling i företagen. Den teoretiska referensramen innehåller relevanta teorier och begrepp som förklarar varför företag upprättar hållbarhetsredovisningar, samt en sammanfattning av GRI:s riktlinjer. För att besvara uppsatsens syfte och frågeställningar har kvalitativa semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer använts för att samla in data. I urvalet av respondenter har vi använt oss av ett målstyrt urval och kontaktat den person som är ansvarig för hållbarhetsrelaterade frågor och/eller upprättandet av hållbarhetsredovisningen i respektive företag. Alla tillfrågade företagen upprättar sin hållbarhetsredovisning enligt de senaste riktlinjerna utgivna av GRI. Data som samlats in har analyserats med hjälp av tidigare forskning och teorierna i den teoretiska referensramen. Slutsatsen visar att GRI:s riktlinjer kan vara komplicerade att använda i företag som är verksamma inom andra branscher än tillverkningsbranschen men att riktlinjerna bidrar till hållbar utveckling i företagen.

This thesis investigates the use of static, adaptive, adaptable and mixed-initiative approaches to the personalisation of content and graphical user interfaces (GUIs). This empirical study consisted of three experimental phases. The first examined the use of static, adaptive, adaptable and mixed-initiative approaches to web content. More specifically, it measured the usability (efficiency, frequency of error occurrence, effectiveness and satisfaction) of an e-commerce website. The experiment was conducted with 60 subjects and was tested empirically by four independent groups (15 subjects each). The second experiment examined the use of adaptive, adaptable and mixed-initiative approaches to GUIs. More specifically, it measured the usability (efficiency, frequency of error occurrence, effectiveness and satisfaction) in GUI control structures (menus). In addition, it investigated empirically the effects of content size on five different personalised menu types. In order to carry out this comparative investigation, two independent experiments were conducted, on small menus (17 items) and large ones (29 items) respectively. The experiment was conducted with 60 subjects and was tested empirically by four independent groups (15 subjects each). The third experiment was conducted with 40 subjects and was tested empirically by four dependent groups (5 subjects each). The aim of the third experiment was to mitigate the drawbacks of the adaptive, adaptable and mixedinitiative approaches, to improve their performance and to increase their usability by using multimodal auditory solutions (speech, earcons and auditory icons). The results indicate that the size of content affects the usability of personalised approaches. In other words, as the size of content increases, so does the need of the adaptive and mixed-initiative approaches, whereas that of the adaptable approach decreases. A set of empirically derived guidelines were also produced to assist designers with the use of adaptive, adaptable and mixed-initiative approaches to web content and GUI control structure.

Ample research has been found to suggest that there is no substitute, either nutritionally or emotionally, that can replace the benefits of human milk for human infants. Despite this recognition, the attitude still exists that infant formula is a reasonable alternative. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), World Health Organization (WHO), and United Nation Children's Fund (UNICEF) share policy statements endorsing human milk as the optimal infant nutrition for the first 15 months. Accordingly, WHO and UNICEF launched The Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative established in 1991 to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding. Despite this unilateral support of breastfeeding, nursing and physician educational curriculums do not include lactation education, which limits the knowledge of those who provide care to the mother and newborn dyad. The purpose of this project is to promote staff lactation education and training on the infant feeding practices by encouraging breastfeeding in a hospital setting. This project includes lactation education and hands-on training for staff. A 20-hour didactic lactation education course will meet the requirements to ensure that staff training will assist in supporting patients with the early initiation of breastfeeding. Furthermore, training will include clinical competencies to evaluate the knowledge, practice patterns, and confidence of the staff. Lactation education for providers will be provided through an online course designed to improve their ability to support breastfeeding among their patients. The result of this project will assist hospital leadership to determine specific education and training for staff in increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates among their patient population.

Public education in the United States is currently enveloped in an era of intense accountability. At the national level the No Child Left Behind Act, demands accountability in any district or school receiving federal funds One of the goals of the No Child Left Behind legislation had its roots in the Texas education accountability statute of 1999, when former governor George W. Bush signed into law a mandate that became known as the Student Success Initiative. That law required students in the 3rd grade to pass the state reading assessment in order to be promoted to the 4th grade, beginning in the year 2003. The same group of students would be required to pass their 5th and 8th grade reading and math exams to be promoted to the next grade level. The initiative continued for all students. In opposition to the those policies, the body of research regarding grade-level retention concludes that the practice of grade retention is ineffective in increasingstudent achievement (Jimerson, 2001, Harness, 1984, McCoy, 1999). This study examined the Student Success Initiative in Texas. The goal was to determine whether retention in 3rd, 5th, or 8th grade made a signification difference in subsequent TAKS scores in comparison with students who were placed in the next grade level by the official Grade Placement Committee. Data was analyzed from three large urban school districts in Texas. Results were consistent across the three school districts. Students who were retained in third grade performed better the subsequent year in third grade, but those successes did not continue consistently through the 5th and 8th grade years. Students retained in 5th grade for math performed poorly on subsequent tests, as did students retained in the 8th grade for reading or math. However, the group of students that was retained in 5th grade due to failure of the TAKS Reading test exhibited success in the subsequent year as well as the 8th grade year. Overall, TAKS students who were retained did not perform better than students who were placed in the next grade level as they progressed through 8th grade. / text

<p>Vi ämnar undersöka hur informationen om CSR i årsredovisningar har förändrats sedan 1995. Syftet är att se hur informationen har utvecklats över tid, vilka nyanser som har funnits samt vilka intressenters informationskrav som har tillgodosetts.</p><p>Studien omfattar en innehållsanalys av årsredovisningar. Analysen har gjorts efter en checklista som bygger på indikatorer och principer från GRI. Årsredovisningar från fem svenska företag har granskats i ett tre års intervall mellan 1995 och 2007.</p><p>Mängden CSR-information i årsredovisningar har ökat stadigt sedan 1995. Fram till 2001 redovisades i princip ingen information kring mänskliga rättigheter, företagets inverkan på samhället eller ekonomiska konsekvenser av CSR. Anställda, kunder och icke-statliga organisationer är de intressenter som främst fått sitt informationsbehov tillfredsställt medan leverantörer i princip inte hittat någon relevant information innan 2007.</p>

<p>ÄMNE</p><p>Vilken information om Corporate Social Responsibility lämnas i årsredovisningen av svenska företag? Hur följer företagen riktlinjerna Global Reporting Initiative och UN Global Compact? Vilka motiv kan företagen ha för att lämna information om CSR i årsredovisningen?</p><p>SYFTE</p><p>Syftet är att rekapitulera studien ”Corporate Social Responsibility - vilken information lämnas i årsredovisningen av företagen på Stockholmsbörsens A-lista”, Göteborgs Universitet 2005, genom att kartlägga och jämföra CSR-redovisningen hos de företag från den dåvarande A- listan som idag är noterade på Stockholmsbörsen. Utifrån en utarbetad checklista skall undersökas vilken information som företag lämnar samt vilka skillnader som finns mellan företag och över tiden.</p><p>GENOMFÖRANDE</p><p>Undersökningen bygger på kvantitativ och kvalitativ innehållsanalys av årsredovisningar. Årsredovisningarna har analyserats efter en utarbetad checklista som bygger på indikatorer och principer från GRI och UN Global Compact.</p><p>SLUTSATSER</p><p>Studien visar att det råder stora skillnader mellan företag och den mängd CSR-information de publicerar i sin årsredovisning. Sedan 2004 har en svag ökning skett av mängden information som redovisas, denna ökning återfinns främst inom branschen industri.</p><p>NYCKELORD</p><p>Corporate Social Responsibility, Global Reporting Initiative, UN Global Compact, årsredovisning</p>

<p> </p><p><p>Sustainability reporting has emerged as an outcome of corporate social responsibility, giving companies an opportunity to show transparency towards their stakeholders. The Global Reporting Initiative, a largely voluntary sustainability reporting standard, has become increasingly popular, providing a framework making reports consistent and comparable. However, Holmen, SAS, SKF, Vattenfall and Vin & Sprit were the only Swedish companies complying with application level A, the highest level of compliance, of the GRI framework in their 2007 sustainability reports. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to analyze why these five Swedish companies are sustainability reporting and why they are doing so according to the GRI standard.</p><p>A theoretical background regarding CSR, sustainability and GRI is provided in order to get a basic understanding of the context of the thesis. The theoretical framework for the study is based on the stakeholder concept and the legitimacy theory, utilizing the internal marketing and brand identity theories for the analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the five managers of the companies in order to gather the relevant data.</p><p>The study showed that the five companies investigated are sustainability and GRI reporting as a result of their company size, industry type, reporting tradition, ownership structure and various stakeholder-driven motives. The motives were found to be specific to either sustainability or GRI reporting, where the majority were linked to the practice of sustainability reporting.</p></p>

<p>The aim of this work is to define the party structure of Feministic Initiative (FI). We want to examine the structure of an organization that doesn’t start out with a hierarchical order. We further intend to examine the party’s leadership; whether or not it is equal, between the three spokespersons.We find it interesting as a topic from a democratic point of view as well as to see if a flat structure could work in practice. We use several theories among them Michel’s “iron law of oligarchy” and Holmberg’s and Söderlind’s theory on flat organizations. There is modest research on leadership in Swedish political science; we therefore consider it important to highlight. Shared leadership is interesting to examine, for it might be an alternative to the traditional order.We use a mixed-methodology based upon qualitative interviews and text analysis. We have interviewed the three spokespersons and examined materials like official weekly letters written by the spokespersons and the party’s constitution.The result shows that a flat structure is hard to carry out in practise and it appears that some form of hierarchical order appears in the party structure. Despite efforts towards equality the shared leadership is not totally equal.</p>

This Thesis explores the possibility of increased export and export earnings stability for Costa Rica after the implementation of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA) or Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI). It was expected that this policy would not only increase trade and exports for some developing nations in the Caribbean but also promote development and economic stability. An export earnings model was calculated using the deflated export earnings to the U.S. and fitting a time trend equation by OLS to calculate the residuals. These residuals were then transformed to develop a risk or instability equation which included independent variables such as the export concentration index to reflect diversification of exports, the ratios of food, manufactures and raw materials in exports and the share of total Costa Rican exports deriving from the U.S. market. A reduced risk equation was estimated using OLS. The relative effect of the policy, measured by a dummy variable for the period 1983-1987 was estimated for each of the independent variables. The results indicate that there has been a distinct effect of the policy variable upon the diversification, manufactures, raw materials and food products exported by Costa Rica to the U.S. The increase in manufactured exports is significant, at the same time, there have been decreases in the value of traditional agricultural exports such as coffee, sugar, bananas and beef. Vegetables' and fruits' share of Costa Rican exports to the U.S. has increased noticeably. Although total export earnings for Costa Rica show negative growth during the period 1981-1983, U.S. export earnings have been consistently increasing. Export earnings from the U.S. show a significant increase as detected by the share of Costa Rican total exports earnings originating in the U.S. In 1980 less than 40% of Costa Rican export earnings came from the U.S. while in 1987 the figure is just over 60%, indicating increased dependency on this market as a source of export earnings. Export earnings instability, as measured in this research, shows statistically significant reductions after 1983 leading the author to conclude that this policy is possibly increasing trade and reducing the long term instability of Costa Rican exports to the U.S., therefore having some effect on the stability of long term development, and possibly, causing changes in the country's capability to deal with its debt and development efforts. The components of instability or risk of export earnings from the U.S. market yielded interesting insight into possible causes of these variations. Statistically significant negative signs were detected for the ratio of foods in exports and the dummy variable, indicating that reducing the share of foods in exports in this market would cause increases in risk and that the policy variable has had the consequence of reducing risk. The ratio of raw materials in exports was, as expected, of limited statistical significance although it consistency exhibited a negative sign indicating similar effects as the food exports. The manufacture ratio in exports was detected to be in general statistically significant during the trial estimations however, lacking consistency. The export concentration index was not determined to be statistically significant in causing export earnings instability in this particular case, however as with all independent variables tested, it was significantly changed after 1983. These results tend to support the original intention of the CBERA for the case of Costa Rica. Increases in exports and export earnings stability appear to have ocurred. However, the research suggest some caution in relying heavily in the U.S. market as a source of export earnings and supports the view that traditional exports bring about more stability than manufactures and raw material exports. / Graduation date: 1989