Over the past few decades, there has been a shift in crime control discourses, from an almost exclusive focus on traditional criminal justice objectives and practices, to attention to ‘community’ and a range of strategies that seek to prevent crime and increase safety. Overall, evaluations of the community mobilization approach to crime prevention and safety conclude that these initiatives have generally demonstrated limited long-term impacts on ‘crime’ and safety at the local level. Through the ‘what works’ lens, the limits of the approach have typically been attributed to implementation challenges related to outreach and mobilization, and inadequate resourcing. Through a more critical lens, using studies on governmentality as a starting point, this study examines the mechanisms through which crime prevention and community safety became thinkable as sites of governance in Canada, and more specifically within the Community Development Framework (CDF) in Ottawa (ON). To this end, I conducted an ethnography using a triangulation of data collection methods, including extensive fieldwork and direct participant observation within the CDF. The findings of this ethnography describe in detail how the CDF emerged and unfolded (from 2008 to 2010) from a variety of perspectives. These findings show that the CDF encountered a number of common challenges associated with program implementation and community-based evaluation. However, the lack of progress made towards adhering to CDF principles and reaching CDF goals cannot be reduced to these failures alone. The CDF highlights the importance of locating the community approach to crime prevention within its wider socio-political context, and of paying attention to its numerous ‘messy actualities’. These include the dynamics and repercussions of: governing at a distance and of the dispersal of social control; the neoliberal creation and responsibilization of choice-makers; relations of power, knowledge and the nature of expertise; the messiness of the notion of ‘community’; bureaucratic imperatives and professional interests; the words versus deeds of community policing; and processes relevant to resistance within current arrangements.

Community development (CD) is viewed as a way to improve the social, physical, organizational and economic outcomes of a community. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of a strength training facility on CD and provide an insight into its impact on the community. Qualitative research was conducted by two data collection exercises. The first was a 12-week period, while the second was one week long. A segmented thematic analysis was used to explore the data provided by three target groups and participants’ observations. The findings provided insight into the facility’s contribution to CD in particular, noting that a strength training facility can influence personal, economic, social, environmental and organizational outcomes within a community. The research contributes to the existing literature in leisure by providing evidence of CD from a remote First Nations community. The research reveals how arrangements for physical activities can improve the welfare of a community.

This paper deals with the issue of clusters as relatively new tools of competitiveness in economies and examines their linkage to state through cluster policies and initiatives. At the beginning, a theoretical development of the concept is presented. Afterwards, the cluster concept as such is introduced, putting down a wide scale of supportive rationales, presenting also possible risks and explaining a linkage to innovation and competitiveness. The second part of the thesis treats the issue of cluster policies as possible means of a cluster creation. Aside from examining cluster policies in different views, an emphasis is put on the justification of the role of state which can take part as either contributive or disturbing factor. The empirical part of the paper presents the case of the Czech clustering. Firstly, the Czech cluster policy is analyzed concerning its targets, instruments, approaches and other relevant issues, focusing on shortcomings and problems of the policy. Further, a case study of the Moravian-Silesian automotive cluster is presented. In this part, the particular cluster is observed with a view to its origin, development and activities. The endeavor is to compare the case with the classical Porter model and find out its inadequacies.

Předmětem diplomové práce ?Odpovídají rozdíly českých a britských Public Private Partnership rozdílným potřebám jejich ekonomik?? je analyzovat Public Private Partnership procesy v České republice a Velké Británii, a to z hlediska institucionálního a legislativního zabezpečení. První část diplomové práce podává ucelený obraz o spolupráci soukromého a veřejného sektoru formou PPP. Druhá část se zabývá vývojem a současnou situací v České republice v oblastech legislativního a institucionálního uspořádání PPP procesů. Třetí část je obdobou druhé části, je zde ale analyzována Velká Británie. Poslední kapitola Rozdíly v procesu Public Private Partnership/Public Finance Initiative ve Velké Británii a v České republice směřuje k naplnění hlavního cíle diplomové práce, tedy nalezení rozdílů mezi českými a britskými PPP a jejich zdůvodnění s ohledem na potřeby ekonomik.

The purpose of this study was to explore users' and preparers' perception of sustainability reporting, especially for accountants and financial analysts who are involved with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Sustainability Reporting Guidelines and GRI based sustainability or CSR reports in the United States. With the increasing trends to sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR), it is important to understand what level users and preparers currently hold towards the sustainability reporting. This study used samples from the following resources: all companies included in the GRI report list as a report preparer group and financial analysts as report users, whose companies' core business focused on social and environmental investing. This study examined four hypotheses concerning general corporate sustainability & reporting and sustainability performance indicators in environmental, economic and social aspects suggested by the GRI Guidelines. This paper contributes to corporate social responsibility and sustainability reporting. This paper studied users' perception of sustainability reporting and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Prior research mainly focused on preparers' perception or attitudes toward sustainability reports (Guthrie & Parker, 1990; Kolk, 2004; Lindgreen et al., 2009; White, 2005). Also, this paper adds to the literature on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and its guidelines that have not been extensively studied in prior research. The results revealed that users and preparers agreed on the important issues asked for the general corporate sustainability and reporting, and both groups held similar attitudes towards the environmental, economic and social performance indicators and felt most of them as important to be included in a sustainability report. In addition, both groups indicated the GRI as the preferred standard setting body for sustainability reporting and gave support to GRI for its effort to establish and promote the standards for sustainability reporting. Finally, a considerable number of users and preparers agreed that the GRI report can fairly measure a company's environmental, economic and social performance.

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-06-19T18:06:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-Dissertacao-Joselia-Costa.pdf: 1349636 bytes, checksum: 88cf55e2308a1c9c67f19704b47e3003 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-19T18:06:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-Dissertacao-Joselia-Costa.pdf: 1349636 bytes, checksum: 88cf55e2308a1c9c67f19704b47e3003 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-30 / O amor recentemente tornou-se, no campo empírico, objeto de investigação científica, embora tenha sido durante séculos,atributo de especulação de filósofos, poetas e compositores. Sua estrutura e dinâmica têm sido fonte de estudo de pesquisadores que se dedicam ao conhecimento de temáticas como relacionamentos românticos e sexualidade, referentes às relações interpessoais. Considerando que as transformações ocorridas referentes aos papéis e atitudes sexuais de homens e mulheres podem significar uma ruptura de papéis convencionais, sugerindo uma mudança de paradigmas e valores, o objetivo da presente dissertação é verificar a relação entre o fenômeno amor com a iniciativa sexual e com os valores humanos. Para tal, planejaram-se dois estudos. No primeiro, procurou-se verificar as relações existentes entre os componentes do amor (intimidade, paixão e compromisso), as sub-funções valorativas (existência, realização, normativa, supra pessoal, interacional e experimentação)e as dimensões da iniciativa sexual (afetividade/dependência e poder/independência). Este contou com a participação de 469 pessoas com idade média de 23 anos (amplitude de 17 a 73 anos)que responderam um livreto contendo a Escala Triangular do Amor de Sternberg (ETAS), o Questionário de Valores Básicos (QVB), e o Questionário de Iniciativa Sexual(QIS),bem como informações sócio-demográficas(sexo, nível de religiosidade, tipo de relacionamento). Os resultados evidenciaram que os três componentes do amor (intimidade, paixão e compromisso)se correlacionaram positivamente com a subfunção valorativa interacional. Quanto à iniciativa sexual o componente do amor paixão se correlacionou positivamente com a dimensão poder/independência. Já os componentes intimidade e compromisso se correlacionaram positivamente com a dimensão afetividade/dependência. O segundo estudo objetivou verificar a relação entre as representações dos participantes acerca de seus relacionamentos amorosos e as variáveis sócio-demográficas. Participaram deste estudo 349 indivíduos com idade média de 23 anos e em relacionamento estável. Constatou-se que somente as variáveis fixas nível de religiosidade, tipo e tempo de relacionamento demonstraram relevância na composição do espaço gráfico, haja vista a variável sexo não ter emergido no plano fatorial.Espera-se que todas as informações e os resultados encontrados possam contribuir para compreensão e para o avanço da pesquisa sobre este tema complexo e intrigante no âmbito das relações interpessoais, bem como forneçam dados para pesquisas futuras. / Love has recently become, at the empiric area, a scientific investigation goal, although during centuries it has been an speculation attribute for philosophers, poets and composers. Its structure and dynamism has been source of researches studies that dedicate themselves to the knowledge of subjects as romantic relationships and sexuality, related to interpersonal relationships.Considering that the transformations occurred on the roles and sexual attitudes of men and women may mean a rupture of conventional roles, suggesting a changing of paradigms and values, the goal of the present dissertation is to verify the relation between the love phenomena with the sexual initiative and the human values.For that, two studies were planned. At the first, it was sought to verify the relations existing between the love components (intimacy, passion andcommitment), the evaluative sub functions(preservation, promotion, normative, supra-personal, interactionaland experimential) and the sexual initiative dimensions (affectivity/dependencyand power/independency).This counted with the participation of 469 people at the average age of 23 years old(ranging from 17 to 73)who answered a booklet containing the Sternberg’s Triangular Love Scale (STLS), the Basic Values Questionnaire(BVQ), and the Sexual Initiative Questionnaire(SIQ),including alsosocio-demographic information(sex, level of religiosity, kind of relationship).The results showed that the three components of love (intimacy, passionand commitment) were positively correlated with the subfunction evaluativeinteractional. As long as the sexual initiative,the component of love passionwas positively correlated with the dimensionpower/independency. The components intimacy and commitment were positively correlated with the dimensionaffectivity/dependency.The second study aimedto investigate the relationbetween the representations of the participants about their love relationships and socio-demographic variables. Participants were 349 individuals at the average age of 23 years old and in a stable relationship. It was found that only the fixed variableslevel of religiosity, kind and timeof relationship showedrelevance in the composition of graphic space, once the variable sex didn’t emerged in the factorial plan.It is expected that all the information and the results founded may contributeto the comprehension and to the improvement of the research about this complex and intriguing theme in the interpersonal relationships area as well as supply data for future researches.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the media are constantly drawing attention to human rights violations caused by multinational corporations abroad (MNC). Due to the lack of an adequate framework to hold corporations accountable for their corporate misconduct across borders, there is a liability gap. Extensive research has been undertaken by political philosophers as well as lawyers attempting to fill the gap, leaving the question why it still exists. Currently, there is a debate in the Swiss parliament about the implementation of a constitutional law which could fill this gap. By conducting an argumentation analysis on the parliamentary debate about the Swiss Business Initiative (SBI), this thesis seeks to analyze how politicians are framing the debate, as well as what normative concerns of the academy have been discussed or left out. Finally, the paper concludes with seven findings that could be focused on more in praxis.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer and the second leading cause of mortality, affecting 1 in 9 women in the United States. Recent studies have shown that antipsychotic drug use is associated with increased prolactin levels, which, in turn, is associated with increased risk of breast cancer. However, studies of the association between antipsychotic drug use and the risk of breast cancer are sparse and have largely been conducted in homogenous populations. Therefore, we evaluated this relationship in postmenopausal women (N = 119 524) in a diverse population of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) cohort. Antipsychotic drug use was self-reported and in situ and invasive breast cancer cases were confirmed by medical records for the WHI clinical trial (CT) and the WHI observational study (OS), from 1993 through 2018. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to model breast cancer risk against antipsychotic drug use while adjusting for dietary and lifestyle factors. Overall, antipsychotic users made up 0.41% of this population. There was no overall association between antipsychotic drug use and postmenopausal breast cancer risk (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.73 – 1.40). Among typical antipsychotic drug users, there was a suggested two-fold increased risk in developing in situ breast cancer (HR = 2.02, 95% CI = 0.84, 4.86). Thus, antipsychotic drug use does not appear to increase breast cancer risk overall, but the potential association between antipsychotics and in situ breast cancer merits further study.

Research on geopolitics primarily focuses on nation-state actors and how geographical factors affect their policy towards other actors in international relations. The EU, as a non-state actor and a normative power, has been understudied through the lens of geopolitics as scholars believed that this Union was unlikely to apply geopolitical thinking in their foreign policy. This thesis aims to explore to what extent and under what circumstances an actor, notably a non- state actor, applies geopolitical theories in the foreign policy. The paper argues that geopolitics theories, both classical and critical ones, have been increasingly able to explain the external relations of the EU, particularly after 2013 when the Chinese government launched Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Furthermore, geopolitics theories also add more values to understand the complexity of the EU' foreign policy, given the fact that there is no single theory that can explain it comprehensively. As explanatory research, qualitative methods, including discourse analysis, content analysis, and process tracing, will be used to examine how the EU has responded to BRI. The thesis first reviews the scholarship on geopolitics and EU's foreign policy. Next, it investigates how China applies geoplitics in BRI. Last, it focuses on how the...

Bakgrund: Amning främjar hälsan hos både mammor och barn oavse7 var de bor i världen. Syfte: Syftet var a7 undersöka hur mammor i Sverige upplever råden och stödet kring sin amning från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Metod: En intervjustudie genomfördes under våren 2021 med tio kvinnor med erfarenhet av amning, bosa7a i Sverige. Kvinnorna var mellan 27 och 43 år och rekryterades genom sociala medier online. Under intervjun användes en semi-strukturerad frågeguide. Intervjuerna varade mellan 20 och 52 minuter och skedde via datorprogrammet Zoom. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades med innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen mynnade ut i två övergripande teman; Empatiskt förhållningssä7 samt Negligerande och okunskap vilka illustrerade kvinnornas upplevelser av personalens bemötande rörande amning. Dessa teman visar a7 närvarande personal som ser varje individ, pålitlig information och a7 bli stärkt i och få tilltro till sin amning skapade tillit till vården, medan stressad eller oengagerad personal, brist på information och hjälp, och känslor av ensamhet gav upphov till en övergripande känsla av övergivenhet. Även hälsoproblem både fysiska och psykiska gjorde a7 amningsperioden kunde kännas tung och svår. Slutsats: Kvinnornas upplevelser av vårdpersonalens bemötande kring amning illustrerar två upplevelsevärldar som handlar om Empatiskt förhållningssä7 versus Negligerande och okunskap, med konsekvenser som kan vara avgörande för hur väl amningen faller ut. Individanpassat amningsstöd är av central betydelse för a7 främja amning. / <p>Betyg i Ladok 210601.</p>