Objectives: This pilot study examined how Methylphenidate (MPH0.5mg/kg) affects appetite sensations, food reinforcement, energy intake (EI), macronutrient consumption, and weight-loss in youth and adults living with obesity, without ADHD. Methods: This study employed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Eleven participants aged 28±6.9 yrs. (4 M, 7 F) were randomized to receive either MPH (n=5) or placebo group (n=6) for 60 days. Participants’ appetite sensations (Visual Analogue Scale), relative-reinforcing value of food (computer task), EI and macronutrient consumption (ad libitum buffet), and anthropometric measurements (DEXA) were measured at baseline and 60 days. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed group x time interactions for appetite sensations [desire to eat (p=0.01), hunger (p=0.002), and prospective food consumption (p=0.006)]; with greater reductions in MPH group compared to placebo. For the sense of fullness, there was an interaction between group and time (p=0.01), with a greater increase for MPH compared to placebo. Body weight significantly decreased in both groups (p=0.01), with a moderate to large effect size favouring the MPH group (-2.66 kg vs. – 1.16 kg, Cohen’s d =0.76). Changes between MPH and placebo did not differ significantly on EI, macronutrient consumption, or food reinforcement. Conclusions: Our data indicate for the first time that MPH suppresses appetite in individuals with obesity resulting in a moderate–sized effect on weight loss in the short-term. These findings warrant a larger trial to more definitively examine the effect that MPH has on weight loss and maintenance of weight loss, thereby evaluating its potential as a novel pharmacological agent in the management of obesity.

INTRODUCTION: Feeding difficulties are commonly multifactorial in nature, and no uniformly agreed-upon classification system for feeding difficulties currently exists. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-V included a new diagnosis called Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), created in order to address the weaknesses of the DSM-IV-text revision (TR) classification system by better capturing the range of feeding difficulties typically found in clinical practice. Little is known about the clinical characteristics associated with meeting the ARFID criteria, and no studies have investigated ARFID prevalence and associated clinical characteristics in patients below the age of 8 years. AIM: To describe the clinical characteristics of a sample of patients referred to Boston Children Hospital’s Growth and Nutrition Program, including the prevalence of ARFID, and identify clinical characteristics associated with meeting the criteria for ARFID. METHODS: We examined prospectively collected data from 69 subjects, age 9 months to 7 years, referred to the Growth and Nutrition Program for feeding difficulties and/or malnutrition between November 2013 and April 2016. Data was collected from caregiver-completed questionnaires, including the Behavioral Pediatrics Assessment Scale (BPFAS), and each patient’s electronic medical record. RESULTS: Premature birth (32.3%), digestive conditions (69.2%), developmental conditions (56.9%), food allergy (20.3%), and meal duration of over 30 minutes (36.2%) were common. Problematic feeding behaviors such as refusing to eat (62.1%) and gagging or vomiting when given new foods (29.2%) were also common. Strategies caregivers used to increase food and liquid consumption included offering only foods the child likes (60.9%) and feeding in front of the television or electronic devices (30.4%). 90.8% had a BPFAS score above threshold. 83.1% of the sample met criteria for ARFID. No statistically significant relationship was found between meeting ARFID criteria and having a BPFAS score above threshold, and there was no statistically significant relationship between meeting ARFID criteria and having a food allergy, having a first-degree relative with a food allergy, or with any of the feeding behaviors or strategies we investigated. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the majority of patients between the ages of 9 months to 7 years with feeding difficulties referred to the Growth and Nutrition Program meet the criteria for ARFID. While no statistically significant relationship was found between ARFID and the investigated clinical characteristics, further analysis involving a larger sample of patients will be useful for better understanding the clinical characteristics associated with ARFID, and assessing ARFID’s clinical utility. / 2019-07-11T00:00:00Z

COSTA, Marcus Roberto Góes Ferreira. Consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e comportamento ingestivo de ovinos com dietas à base de feno de juazeiro (Zizyphus joazeiro). 2008. 46 f . : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2008 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T14:29:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_mrgfcosta.pdf: 234600 bytes, checksum: cb8e7599d71049a77d117481f4a46873 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T14:30:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_mrgfcosta.pdf: 234600 bytes, checksum: cb8e7599d71049a77d117481f4a46873 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T14:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_mrgfcosta.pdf: 234600 bytes, checksum: cb8e7599d71049a77d117481f4a46873 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / The intake, the apparent digestibility of nutrients and ingestive behavior of sixteen sheep of Morada Nova race with average weight of 26.75 kg, divided into individual metabolic cages, receiving diets containing crescent levels of juazeiro hay (0, 33, 67 and 100%) were evaluated. A casualized block experimental design with four treatment and four replications was used. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, carbohydrates fiber and non-fiber carbohydrates intakes were not influenced by addiction of juazeiro hay of the experimental diets, with average value in the 1042.78 and 595 g/day the dry mater and neutral detergent fiber, respectively. Observed a reduction linear for dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and carbohydrates fiber digestibility. For acid detergent fiber digestibility observed a reduction quadratic. The crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, carbohydrates fiber digestibility did not present significant variation. The nitrogen balance was not influencing, present positive for treatments. The inclusion of juazeiro hay did not influencing the intake of nutrients, but it reduces the digestibility coefficient in some diet components. The inclusion of hay juazeiro did not influence the ingestive behavior of animals (P> 0.05). The juazeiro hay with convection grass hay is a feeding strategy for northwest semi-arid / Avaliaram-se o consumo, a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos da raça Morada Nova, recebendo rações contendo níveis crescentes de feno de juazeiro em substituição ao feno de capim-tifton 85 (0, 33, 67 e 100%). Utilizaramse dezesseis ovinos machos, não castrados, com peso médio de 26,75kg, alocados em gaiolas metabólicas individuais, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os consumos de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro, carboidratos totais, carboidratos fibrosos, carboidratos não fibrosos e nutrientes digestíveis totais não foram influenciados pela adição do feno de juazeiro às dietas, com valores médios de 1.042,78 e 595,59 g/dia de matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro, respectivamente. Observou-se uma redução linear para os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro e carboidratos fibrosos. Para o coeficiente de digestibilidade da fibra em detergente ácido, observou-se uma redução quadrática. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, carboidratos totais e carboidratos fibrosos não apresentaram variações significativas. O balanço de nitrogênio também não foi influenciado e apresentou-se positivo para todos os tratamentos. A inclusão do feno de juazeiro não influenciou o consumo de nutrientes nem o balanço de nitrogênio, porém reduziu o coeficiente de digestibilidade de alguns componentes da dieta. Não se verificou influencia da inclusão do feno de juazeiro no tempo despendido para alimentação e ruminação (min/dia), eficiência de alimentação e ruminação (g de MS/h e g de FDN/h), dos ovinos em relação às dietas experimentais. Não houve diferenças para o número de refeições/dia, bem como para números de períodos ruminativos. O feno de juazeiro administrado juntamente com feno de gramíneas convencionais pode ser uma estratégia alimentar para época seca no semi-árido nordestino

Melhorar o peso dos leitões ao nascimento e consequentemente ao desmame é um os principais desafios da suinocultura moderna, uma vez que ao serem melhoradas para produzir uma quantidade maior de leitões ao nascimento, as matrizes hiperprolíficas acabaram desenvolvendo uma característica indesejável, que é a produção de leitegadas com maior desuniformidade, e um número elevado de leitões com baixo peso ao nascimento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a variação do nível de fibra bruta na dieta fornecida dos 74 aos 114 dias de gestação, sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e da energia na gestação, desempenho produtivo e respostas sanguíneas das fêmeas nos períodos de lactação e gestação. Foram utilizadas 33 porcas distribuídas em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Os níveis de fibra bruta (FB) nos tratamentos (T) foram: 3,3%, 7,0% e 10,1%. Para aumentar o nível de fibra a quirera de arroz e o farelo de soja foram substituídos parcialmente por farelo de arroz desengordurado e casca de soja. O consumo diário de nutrientes e energia foi similar para todo o período de gestação estudado, diferindo apenas o volume de ração consumida, que para o período dos 74 aos 90 dias de gestação foi de 2,10, 2,21 e 2,40 kg/dia, e para 91 a 111 dias de 2,47, 2,65 e 2,85 kg/dia para T1, T2 e T3, respectivamente. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo procedimento MIXED do SAS, e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Fisher (LSD). Análise de regressão foi realizada, utilizando-se a regressão linear ou quadrática conforme o melhor ajuste. Na gestação, o aumento de fibra da dieta proporcionou um decréscimo linear (P<0,05) na energia digestível (ED) e no coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) (%) da matéria seca (MS), energia bruta (EB), proteína bruta (PB), carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) e matéria orgânica (MO). Os níveis sanguíneos, na gestação, de proteína total e globulinas apresentaram um efeito quadrático (P<0,05) ao nível de fibra da dieta, já o colesterol apresentou um efeito linear crescente (P<0,05). Aos 105 dias de gestação e aos 4 dias de lactação os níveis de creatinina (P<0,05) foram maiores nas fêmeas que consumiram 10,1% de FB. O desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo das fêmeas na gestação e lactação, e o peso dos leitões ao nascimento não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos T, no entanto, o ganho médio diário das leitegadas apresentou um efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) com o aumento da FB da dieta. Concluindo, o aumento da fibra na dieta causou diminuição na digestibilidade dos nutrientes e energia, sem, contudo afetar o desempenho das matrizes na gestação, lactação e dos leitões ao parto. O uso da fibra na gestação melhorou o ganho de peso dos leitões na lactação. / Improving the weight of piglets at birth and consequently at weaning is one the key challenges of modern pig industry, since by being improved to produce greater amount of piglets at birth, hyperprolific matrices end up by developing an undesirable characteristic, which is the production of littermates with lack of uniformity and high number of piglets with low birth weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the variation in crude fiber level in the diet provided at 74 to 114 days of gestation on the digestibility of nutrients and energy in pregnancy, production performance and blood responses of sows in periods of lactation and pregnancy. Thirty-three sows were distributed in a completely randomized design. Crude fiber levels (CF) in treatments (T) were 3.3%, 7.0% and 10.1%. To increase the fiber level, broken rice and soybean meal were partially replaced by defatted rice bran and soybean hulls. The daily intake of nutrients and energy was similar for the entire pregnancy period, differing only in the amount of diet consumed, and for the period from 74 to 90 days of pregnancy, levels were 2.10, 2.21 and 2.40 kg/day and from 91 to 111 days of 2.47, 2.65 and 2.85 kg/day for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The data were submitted to analysis of variance using the SAS MIXED procedure, and means were compared using the Fisher test (LSD ). Regression analysis was performed using the linear or quadratic regression according better fit. During pregnancy, the increase in dietary fiber provided a linear decrease (P <0.05) in digestible energy (DE) and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) (%) of dry matter (DM), crude energy (CE), crude protein (CP), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) and organic matter (OM). Blood globulins and total protein levels in pregnancy showed a quadratic effect (P <0.05) to the dietary fiber level, but cholesterol showed an increasing linear effect (P <0.05). At 105 days of pregnancy and after 4 days of lactation, creatinine levels (P <0.05) were higher in females who consumed 10.1% CF. The productive and reproductive performance of females during pregnancy and lactation, and the weight of piglets at birth were not affected (P> 0.05) by T; however, the average daily gain of piglets showed a linear increase (P <0.05) with increasing CF in the diet. In conclusion, increasing fiber in the diet caused a decrease in the digestibility of nutrients and energy, without; however, affecting the performance of matrices during pregnancy, lactation and weight of piglets at birth. The use of fiber during pregnancy improved the weight gain of piglets during lactation.

Introdução: O horário de realização de atividades, nos seres humanos, pode influenciar fatores fisiológicos, comportamentais e sociais. Podendo interferir, então, em questões relacionadas à atividade física e consumo alimentar. Objetivos: Identificar características acerca da atividade física e alimentação em esportistas que treinavam pela manhã e à noite. Métodos: Foi realizado através da aplicação de questionários (cronotipo, atividade física habitual e recordatório alimentar de vinte e quatro horas) e aferição de medidas antropométricas (peso e altura). Resultados: Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre a matutinidade e a prevalência de indivíduos treinando pela manhã, maior escore total de atividade física, e maior consumo de quilocalorias e proteínas pela manhã. Conclusão: Os achados sugerem que a tipologia circadiana está envolvida com a preferência pela prática de exercícios em determinados turnos, e tendências no consumo energético e proteico, além do nível de atividade física. Mas ainda são necessárias mais pesquisas na crescente área da cronobiologia associada à nutrição e exercícios. / Background: The time of conducting activities, in humans, may influence physiological, behavioral and social factors. And may interfere, then, on physical activity and food intake issues. Objective: Identify characteristics about physical activity and feeding in sportspeople who trained in the morning and the evening. Methods: Was conducted through the use of questionnaires (chronotype, habitual physical activity and twenty-four hours food recall) and anthropometric measurements (height and weight). Results: Positive correlations were found between morningness and morning training, higher total score of physical activity, and higher intake of kilocalories and protein in the morning. Conclusion: The findings suggests that the circadian typology is involved with preference for exercises practicing in certain shifts, and trends in energy and protein intake, beyond the physical activity level. But still more research is needed in the growing area of chronobiology associated with nutrition and exercise.

Submitted by LUTTI MANECK DELEVATTI null (gauchovane@bol.com.br) on 2016-05-02T16:09:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Lutti_Maneck_Delevatti.pdf: 934426 bytes, checksum: d04683b10cd57cb991adfbfa1360099c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-04T18:00:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 delevatti_lm_me_jabo.pdf: 934426 bytes, checksum: d04683b10cd57cb991adfbfa1360099c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-04T18:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 delevatti_lm_me_jabo.pdf: 934426 bytes, checksum: d04683b10cd57cb991adfbfa1360099c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo, a digestibilidade da dieta, parâmetros ruminais e síntese de proteína microbiana de novilhos suplementados na fase de recria em pastagens durante o período das águas. Foram utilizados 12 piquetes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, pastejados a 15, 25 e 35 cm por bovinos de corte canulados em fase de recria, em lotação contínua, com taxa de lotação variável. Foram utilizadas as estratégias de suplementação: suplementos múltiplos na quantidade de 0,3% e 0,6% do peso corporal (PC) para os animais dos pastos de 15 cm; 0,1% e 0,3% do PC nos pastos de 25 cm; e mistura mineral e 0,1% do PC nos pastos de 35 cm. Foram mensurados o consumo e digestibilidade da dieta, síntese de proteína microbiana, dinâmica da degradação da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e parâmetros ruminais dos animais recriados em cada sistema correspondente às alturas de pastejo associado a suplementação. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi quadrado latino duplo incompleto, com doze animais cânulados no rúmem, seis tratamentos, e quatro períodos experimentais na estação chuvosa. Foram aplicados testes para pressuposições estatísticas sobre os dados obtidos, análise de variância, e teste Fisher’s Protected Least-Significant Difference (LSD) para comparação de médias e avaliação do efeito dos tratamentos (P<0,10). Não foram observadas diferenças no consumo de forragem e matéria seca total pelos animas (P≥0,14), porém observou-se maior consumo de proteína bruta (PB) e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) (P≤0,03), nos animais dos tratamentos com suplementação a 0,3 e 0,6% do peso corporal. Não foram verificadas diferenças nas digestibilidade de PB, matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro (P≥0,21). As taxas de degradabilidade da FDN não variaram entre os tratamentos (P≥0,19). Os resultados de concentração molar de ácido acético e butírico apresentaram variação no tempo (P≤0,06), apresentando seus menores valores logo após a suplementação, já os valores de pH, N-amoniacal e ácido propiônico apresentaram interação entre tratamento e tempo (P≤0,04). A suplementação não alterou os parâmetros ruminais, porém foi capaz de aumenta a ingestão total de nutrientes em tratamentos com maiores níveis de suplementos. / The dry matter intake, diet digestibility, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis of supplemented bulls during the growing phase at pastures during the wet season were evaluated. Twelve paddocks of Brachiaria brizantha Marandu (palisade grass) were used, grass grazing heights were 15; 25 and 35 cm by cannulated yearling steers in growing phase, in continuous stocking with variable stocking rate. The supplementation strategies used were: multiple supplements in the amount of 0.3% to 0.6% of body weight (BW) to the animal grazing pasture of 15 cm; 0.1% and 0.3% PC in pastures of 25 cm; and mineral mixture and 0.1% of the PC in the pastures of 35 cm. Were estimated the dry matter intake and digestibility of forage and supplement, microbial protein synthesis, dynamics of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation, dietary nitrogen balance and ruminal parameters by yearling steers growing while grazing pasture with different heights and supplement level. The experimental design used was incomplete double Latin square with twelve cannulated animals, six treatments and four experimental periods during the wet season. Statistical tests were applied for assumptions on the obtained data, analysis of variance, and Tukey test for mean comparison and evaluation of the treatment effect (P <0.10). There were no differences on the forage and total dry matter intake per animal (P≥0.14), however it was exhibited higher crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) (P≤0.03) intake for the animals of the different treatments with supplementation 0.3 and 0.6% of BW. There was no differences in the CP, DM and NDF digestibility (P≥0.21). The NDF degradability rates did not differ among the treatments (P≥0.19). Results of the molar concentration of acetic acid and butyric acid exhibited variation during time (P≤0.06) showing their lowest values after supplementation, as pH values, ammonia-N and propionic acid exhibited interaction among treatment and sampling time (p ≤ 0.04). Supplementation shows no ability to change the ruminal parameters as expected, however was able to increase the total intake of nutrients in the diets with higher levels of supplements. / FAPESP: 2014/21138-3

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:07:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tardivo_ap_me_botfm.pdf: 1077694 bytes, checksum: 57e3978e7fcac10ecc9d0405496b1af5 (MD5) / Investigar o consumo alimentar e os indicadores da composição corporal de mulheres na pós-menopausa. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo clínico, transversal, com amostra de conveniência composta por 173 mulheres na pós-menopausa, seguidas no Ambulatório de Climatério e Menopausa do Hospital das Clínicas-Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP no período de junho de 2005 a junho de 2006. Foram incluídas no estudo mulheres com data da última menstruação há pelo menos 12 meses, usuárias e não usuárias de terapia hormonal (TH). Os hábitos alimentares foram avaliados por meio do recordatório de 24 horas e pelo Índice de Alimentação Saudável (IAS). Para avaliação antropométrica foram obtidos peso, estatura, índice de massa corpórea (IMC=peso/altura2), circunferência abdominal (CA), relação cintura-quadril (RCQ), gordura corporal (%GC) e massa magra (%MM). Foram mensurados colesterol total, HDL, LDL, triglicerídios e glicemia. Na análise estatística utilizou-se o teste t de Student e a Correlação de Pearson. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 54±7,6 anos. O sobrepeso e a obesidade estiveram presentes em 76% das participantes. De acordo com o IAS, 91% das mulheres apresentaram alimentação de má qualidade. O consumo de proteínas e carboidratos estava adequado, entretanto, a qualidade de lipídios ingerida foi inadequada, com gorduras saturadas acima de 7% e poliinsaturadas acima de 10%. Somente 9% das participantes tiveram consumo adequado de cálcio e 7% de ferro. Pela medida da RCQ, o risco para a doença cardiovascular foi considerado alto Resumo em 39% e muito alto 36% das mulheres. Cerca de 89% das mulheres apresentaram CA elevada (>80 cm) contribuindo para complicações metabólicas. Os valores médios de colesterol total, LDL e triglicerídios estavam acima do recomendável em 46%, 55% e 79% das mulheres, respectivamente, com HDL baixo em 55%. / To investigate the food consumption and indicators of body composition in post-menopausal women. Methods: This cross-sectional, clinical study was undertaken in a convenience sample consisting of 173 were at menopause and registered, as well as followed up, at the Menopause and Climacterium Outpatient Clinic of Botucatu Medical School Hospital- São Paulo State University/UNESP between June/2005 and June/2006. All women without menstruation for at least 12 months, users and non-users of hormone therapy (HT), were included in the study. The food consumption was assessed by the 24h-record food inquiry and the healthy eating index (HEI). The anthropometric indicators included: weight, height, body mass index (BMI= weight/height2), abdominal circumference (AC), waist/hip ratio (WHR), body fat (%BF) and lean mass (%LM). Data on total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and glycemia were also collected. The nonparametric t test of Student and Pearson’s correlation were used in the statistical analysis. Results: Mean age was 54 years ± 7.6. Overweight and obesity were observed in 76% of the patients. Based on the HEI values obtained, diet quality was poor in 91% of the cases. Protein and carbohydrate intakes were adequate, but the quality of the lipids consumed was inadequate in relation to saturated fat >7% and polyunsaturated fat > 10%. Calcium and iron intakes were adequate in only 9% and 7% of the cases, respectively. The risk of cardiovascular disease, as determined by the waist/hip ratio, was considered high in 39% and very high in 36% of the women. Abdominal circumference was Summary elevated (> 80 cm) in 89% of the patients, which contributed for the occurrence of metabolic complications.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-11-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_br_dr_jabo.pdf: 745384 bytes, checksum: dc2143964d7559ca196e2a2ff2d18c49 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivou-se avaliar a estrutura do dossel, o comportamento ingestivo, o consumo de forragem e o desempenho animal de novilhas, da raça Nelore, suplementadas em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu sob lotação contínua com taxa de lotação variável, durante o período das águas. Foram avaliados três alturas do dossel (15, 25 e 35 cm) e três suplementos (sal mineral, suplemento energético, e suplemento energético-protéico) em um esquema fatorial 3x3 totalizando nove tratamentos. Com exceção do sal mineral, que foi fornecido ad libitum, os suplementos foram fornecidos a 0,3% do PC/dia. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com duas repetições de piquete. As avaliações ocorreram entre os meses de janeiro e maio de 2009. Na época seca foi avaliado o impacto dos manejos da época de águas em dois sistemas de terminação (pasto ou confinamento) sobre o ganho de peso, o tempo de terminação e as características de carcaça dos animais. A maior altura do dossel determinou maior massa e oferta de forragem do pasto, superior consumo e menor tempo de pastejo dos animais. Entretanto, os suplementos não influenciaram essas características. O uso de suplementos energético e energéticoprotéico aumentou o desempenho animal, não havendo diferença entre os suplementos para nenhuma das vaiáveis estudadas, com exceção da concentração de amônia ruminal, que foi influenciada pelo suplemento energético-protéico em alguns horários do dia. O uso da suplementação energético-protéica, assim como as maiores alturas do pasto reduziram o tempo de terminação dos animais no período de seca, indiferente do sistema utilizado, mas não interferiu nos ganhos de peso e no consumo de matéria seca dentro de cada sistema. A terminação em confinamento aumentou a deposição de gordura nas carcaças / The objective was evaluate the canopy structure, the ingestive behavior, the forage intake and the performance of Nellore heifers supplemented in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture under continuous stocking and variable stoking rate during the rainy season. The treatments consisted of three canopy heights (15, 25 and 35 cm) associated with three types of supplements (a mineral, an energy supplement and a protein/energy supplement) on a factorial 3x3, totalizing 9 treatments. The mineral salt was provided ad libitum while the other supplements were provided at 0.3% of body weight/day. Experimental design was completely randomized with two paddocks replications. The evaluations were realized between January and May of 2009. In the following dry season were evaluated the impact of the previous treatment on finish systems (pasture or feedlot) on the performance, days to slaughtered and carcass quality. It was observed that the sward height affect forage mass, forage allowance, all the pasture structural features, animal intake and grazing time. However, the supplements did not affect these variables. The use of energy or protein supplement increased animal performance, without differences between the supplements for any variable evaluated, other than ruminal ammonia concentration, witch were affected by the protein supplement. The use of energy/protein supplement, as well as higher pasture height were positively related to time to slaughtered on the dry season, independent on the finish system, but did not affect the daily gain nor feed intake. The feedlot finish increased the fat deposition on the carcass

abstract: Nutrition instruction has become more accessible; it is no longer relegated to the doctor’s office, dietitian briefing, outpatient clinic, or hospital. Now it is available in people’s hands, pockets, and purses via their smartphone. Since nutrition instruction has become more accessible, health professionals and members of the general public are increasingly interested in using smartphone apps to assist with health-related dietary changes. With more and more of the population required to follow certain dietary recommendations and/or monitor specific nutrient intake, commercially available apps may be a useful and cost-effective resource for the public. The purpose of this four-week intervention was to determine if the popular calorie counter app, MyFitnessPal, can be used to reduce sodium intake to ≤ 2,300 mg/day compared to the traditional paper-and-pencil method. This four-week randomized parallel trial enrolled 30 generally healthy adults who were 18 to 80 years of age. Participants were randomly assigned to the MyFitnessPal (“APP”) group or to the paper (“PAP”) group and required to meet three times with the researcher for screening, baseline (start), and completion of the study. There was a significant difference in the mean urinary sodium change between the APP group and the PAP group from the start of the intervention to the completion (-24.0±32.6 and 8.5±41.9 mmol/g creatinine respectively, p = 0.027). Other positive trends that resulted from the intervention included a decline in dietary sodium in both groups and a higher adherence in the APP group compared to the PAP group regarding recording method. The MyFitnessPal app proved to be a useful tool in reducing and/or monitoring sodium intake. Thus, this trial reinforces the potential of this app to be used for monitoring other nutrients, but further research needs to be conducted. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2016

abstract: Water makes up about 45-70% of a human body's total weight. It is estimated that 80% of the human brain's tissue is composed of water. Cognitive productivity is altered when the body is in a mere 2% dehydrated state. Several cognitive functions impacted by dehydration include: visual motor tracing, short-term recall, attentiveness, and mathematic efficiency. It is estimated that 80% of the U.S. adult population endures the majority of their day in a mildly dehydrated state. Participants were employees working full-time jobs with Arizona State University or Tri Star Motor Company. Employees had to be 18 or older were invited to join the study. Employees participating in the study lived within the the greater Phoenix area. Participants of all races, genders, activity statuses, and BMIs were encouraged to join. A one-arm, pre-test, post-test study design was utilized. We examined whether the hydration status of participants in the intervention improved or worsened during the course of the intervention, and then attributed any such improvement or deterioration to the intervention. Urine collections from an afternoon sample were gathered before and after the one-week intervention. For the intervention, the participating offices received a water dispensing system in close proximity to employee desk spaces. A reusable water bottle was also given to each participant. Urine specific gravity (USG) was assessed in all urine samples to indicate hydration status, and all participants completed water intake surveys before and after the intervention. From this study, the overall change in water intake over the course of the one-week intervention was 143 ounces/day. This is an average of adding two and a half 8 oz glasses of water each day of the week per participant. USG also decreased significantly at the end of the intervention in comparison to the baseline value. In the greater body of research, this study strengthens the viability of inputting a hydration station and offering reusable water bottles to employees. This cost-effective method is an easy way to incorporate employee wellness in the workplace. The benefit of employees to drink more water is numerous, including increased focus, mental reactivity, and overall mood and wellness. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2018