Les systèmes HPC ("High-Performance Computing") sont des systèmes conçus avec des centaines de milliers de nœuds de calcul interconnectés entre eux par un réseau de communication de haute performance, lui-même assemblé suivant une variété de topologie par des nœuds de routage. La conception du réseau d'interconnexion d'un système HPC revêt une importance capitale dans la performance finale du système. La complexité de cette conception requiert la mise en œuvre d'un environnement de prototypage virtuel afin de pouvoir analyser et valider les hypothèses et options micro et macro-architecturales dès les premières étapes de la conception. Les travaux de cette thèse sont dédiés au développement d'une plate-forme de prototypage virtuel nommée CoSIN ("Composition and Simulation of Interconnected Network") pour assister les architectes de la société Bull S.A.S. dans leur conception des systèmes HPC. Ces travaux répondent au défi de modélisation et de simulation de réseaux de très grand taille (de 10^4 à 10^5 nœuds) et ce en des temps acceptables. Pour ce faire, l'environnement de programmation SystemC a été mis en parallèle afin de fournir une puissance de calcul et une capacité de mémoire distribuées. En plus de l'aspect conceptuel, a thèse se veut aussi pragmatique en produisant comme résultat, un outil déjà applicable à des projets de conception industriels / High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems are distributed systems made of hundreds of thousands of processing nodes communicating through large packet-switched interconnection networks with a variety of topologies. The design of those interconnection networks impacts the overall performance of the HPC systems. Due to increasing system complexity, virtual prototyping is becoming necessary at earlier stages of the design to assist in the analysis and validation of micro and macro-architectural hypotheses and options. This thesis is dedicated to the development of such a virtual prototyping framework named CoSIN ("Composition and Simulation of Interconnected Network") with the purpose of providing support to the architectural design of HPC systems at Bull S.A.S. Technical challenges of the work are in the modelling and simulation of large interconnection networks (from 10^4 to 10^5 nodes) within acceptable times. Distribution of SystemC has been necessary to support this objective. In addition to the conceptual aspect, the thesis is also pragmatic by producing as results, a tool already applicable to industrial design projects

This master‘s thesis is formed as a part of the research project for whose analyse is used the worldwide experimental network called PlanetLab. The whole dilemma is engaged by IPTV technology. IPTV is a protocol that makes possible transfer data of a television content over the Internet to the end user. In the IPTV technology the server is a source. These data are presented as a video and audio signal (streem) which are required to deliver to the end users. Some structure, which presents alternate these computers´connection, has been established, because the technology making use of the big pretention is used. The most patent way between the source and the destination is found. My objective is design this structure in the pursuit. The principle of the signal ramification from one node to several nodes (in group) is called multicast. Rather said from one node to the set of nodes. In the IPTV is presented each one single program for one multicast group. The concrete end users (recipients) are members of one or several obtainable multicast groups. The switch between programs demands a change from one multicast group to other group. For an analyse is used the worldwide experimental network called PlanetLab. This network was created after the floatation of three American´s universities in 2002. Nowadays it takes in more than 800 nodes which are distributed over the world. The PlanetLab is used by multinational company such as the Intel or the Hewlett-Packard. It is created for the testing and the scientific scope. I make the scripts in the Linux for the formation of the interconnecting structure. The main item by the course of the unreeling is response time. I investigate it with a command called “ping”. Everything is created in the Linux because all nodes use the operation system Linux in PlanetLab. By the help of the command “ping” I take the active nodes and response times. According to the response time I make a distance vectors which are used for the finding a location in the face of the references points which were determined before. According to the similarity of these vectors is designated to what end point is put to the point.

The doctoral thesis is focused on research on application possibilities of soldered interconnection structures especially for the use with innovative 3D structures assembled using the LTCC ceramic materials, PVD deposited and galvanically modified pads, solid core solder balls. It consists of several main parts. Introduction is followed by theoretical survey of current situation and technologies. Thesis continues with introduction of main goals and with summary of successively performed experiments and their results. End of the work belongs to summary of results and gained knowledge.

This thesis deals with continuous system simulation. The systems can be described by system of differential equations or block diagram. Differential equations are usually solved by numerical methods that are integrated into simulation software such as Matlab, Maple or TKSL. Taylor series method has been used for numerical solutions of differential equations. The presented method has been proved to be both very accurate and fast and also procesed in parallel systems. The aim of the thesis is to design, implement and compare a few versions of the parallel system.

MediHome es un aplicativo Móvil que facilita el acercamiento de los profesionales de salud con el paciente en la comodidad de su hogar. El paciente al ingresar a la plataforma de manera gratuita a través de un aplicativo móvil, se registrará y completará un formulario con sus datos personales, posteriormente ingresará sus signos y/o síntomas que le permitirán acceder o no a contactar con el profesional adecuado ; podrá buscar un profesional específico según su especialidad, a su vez encontrará toda la información detallada del mismo: currículo, experiencia, comentarios de pacientes, localización, etc.; para garantizar confianza y seguridad en la prestación del servicio. La finalidad es acercar al profesional de salud con el paciente en su domicilio y poder brindarle el servicio médico en la comodidad de su hogar. Las oficinas administrativas se encuentran ubicadas en el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho. La presencia y funcionamiento del aplicativo se implementará de manera inicial en todos los distritos de la capital, para luego empezar operaciones en provincia. La importancia de MediHome radica en su propuesta de servir como el nexo entre el paciente y el profesional de la salud, de manera que el paciente pueda localizar al profesional que se encuentre más cerca de su casa y poder recibir una consulta en la comodidad de su hogar; de esta manera ambos evitan acudir a un centro de salud concurrido con posibles pacientes COVID positivos. Así, se contribuye a la descongestión de los hospitales, se brinda atención oportuna en la comodidad del hogar de manera aislada y segura de cualquier contacto de riesgo y se mejoran los indicadores de salud en nuestro país. La inversión total del proyecto es de S/ 315,400.00 y está compuesta por un 87% (S/ 275.400) de deuda y el 13% (S/ 40.000) de capital de accionistas. El flujo de caja proyectado en 10 años muestra los siguientes indicadores financieros: CPPC de 15.53%, Ke de 31%, VANE de S/3’061,403.20, TIRE de 117.21%, VANF de S/1’597,104.40, TIRF de 369.92%. / MediHome is a platform (Mobile App) that facilitates the approach of health professionals with the patient in the comfort of their home. The patient when entering the platform for free through a mobile application, they will register and complete a form with their personal data (registration), then they will enter their signs and / or symptoms that will allow them to access or not to contact the appropriate professional (according to the pathology that presents); You can search for a specific professional according to their specialty, in turn you will find all the detailed information about it, that is; resume, experience, patient comments, location, etc .; to guarantee confidence and security in the provision of the service. The purpose is to bring the health professional closer to the patient at home and to be able to provide the medical service in the comfort of their home. The administrative offices are located in the district of San Juan de Lurigancho. The operation of the platform will be implemented initially in all districts of the capital, and then begin operations in the province. The importance of MediHome lies in its proposal to serve as the link between the patient and the health professional, so that the patient can locate the professional who is closest to his home and be able to receive a consultation in the comfort of his home; in this way, both avoid going to a health center crowded with possible COVID-positive patients. Thus, it contributes to the decongestion of hospitals, timely care is provided in the comfort of the home in an isolated and safe way from any risky contact, and health indicators are improved in our country. The total investment of the project is S / 315,400.00 and is made up of 87% (S / 275,400) of debt and 13% (S / 40,000) of shareholders' capital. The projected cash flow in 10 years shows the following financial indicators: CPPC of 15.53%, Ke of 31%, VANE of S / 3,061,403.20, EIRR of 117.21%, VANF of S / 1,597,104.40, TIRF of 369.92%. / Tesis

The theoretical part deals with the development of children's drawing as a basic understanding of the developmental stages of the child to better determine the workflow in creating a curriculum or project connecting art education and other subjects. It also deals with the embedding of art education in the framework educational program and cross-sectional topics. Various art exercises are proposed for presented topics. The didactic part is devoted to organizational forms of teaching and the definition of the concept of interdisciplinary teaching. In the practical part, two authorial and one adopted project are then analyzed - art education is used in those projects as a connecting element of teaching. In the Kafkomix project, art education is connected with the Czech language, specifically with work The Transformation by Franz Kafka. In the project The Road to Freedom, students are introduced to the history of communism in our country and to the events related to the Velvet Revolution through visual documentation. Part of this project is also an analysis of a questionnaire survey, which was done to determine the level of memorized material by students. ZE MĚ MY project, presents how the project can works across schools. KEY WORDS Interdisciplinary teaching, project teaching, interconnection of...

In realizing a portable chemical analysis system, adequate partitioning of a reusable component and a disposable is required. For successful implementation of micromachined sensors in an instrument, reliable methods for interconnection and interface are in great demand between these two major parts. This thesis work investigates interconnection methods of micromachined chip devices, a hybrid fluidic interface system, and measurement circuitry for completing instrumentation. The interconnection method based on micromachining and injection molding techniques was developed and an interconnecting microfluidic package was designed, fabricated and tested. Alternatively, a plug-in type design for a large amount of sample flow was designed and demonstrated. For the hybrid interface, sequencing of the chemical analysis was examined and accordingly, syringe containers, a peristaltic pump and pinch valves were assembled to compose a reliable meso-scale fluidic control unit. A potentiostat circuit was modeled using a simulation tool. The simulated output showed its usability toward three-electrode electrochemical microsensors. Using separately fabricated microsensors, the final instrument with two different designs--flow-through and plug-in type was tested for chlorine detection in water samples. The chemical concentration of chlorine ions could be determined from linearly dependent current signals from the instrument.

This research has developed a lead-free semiconductor device interconnect technology by studying the processing-microstructure-property relationships of low-temperature sintering of nanoscale silver pastes. The nanoscale silver pastes have been formulated by adding organic components (dispersant, binder and thinner) into nano-silver particles. The selected organic components have the nano-particle polymeric stabilization, paste processing quality adjustment, and non-densifying diffusion retarding functions and thus help the pastes sinter to ~80% bulk density at temperatures no more than 300°C. It has been found that the low-temperature sintered silver has better electrical, thermal and overall thermomechanical properties compared with the existing semiconductor device interconnecting materials such as solder alloys and conductive epoxies. After solving the organic burnout problems associated with the covered sintering, a lead-free semiconductor device interconnect technology has been designed to be compatible with the existing surface-mounting techniques with potentially low-cost. It has been found that the low-temperature sintered silver joints have high electrical, thermal, and mechanical performance. The reliability of the silver joints has also been studied by the 50-250°C thermal cycling experiment. Finally, the bonging strength drop of the silver joints has been suggested to be ductile fracture in the silver joints as micro-voids nucleated at microscale grain boundaries during the temperature cycling. The low-temperature silver sintering technology has enabled some benchmark packaging concepts and substantial advantages in future applications. / Ph. D.

El crecimiento de los computadores paralelos basados en redes de altas prestaciones ha aumentado el interés y esfuerzo de la comunidad investigadora en desarrollar nuevas técnicas que permitan obtener el mejor rendimiento de estas redes. En particular, el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas que permitan un encaminamiento eficiente y que reduzcan la latencia de los paquetes, aumentando así la productividad de la red. Sin embargo, una alta tasa de utilización de la red podría conllevar el que se conoce como "congestión de red", el cual puede causar una degradación del rendimiento. El control de la congestión en redes multietapa es un problema importante que no está completamente resuelto. Con el fin de evitar la degradación del rendimiento de la red cuando aparece congestión, se han propuesto diferentes mecanismos para el control de la congestión. Muchos de estos mecanismos están basados en notificación explícita de la congestión. Para este propósito, los switches detectan congestión y dependiendo de la estrategia aplicada, los paquetes son marcados con la finalidad de advertir a los nodos origenes. Como respuesta, los nodos origenes aplican acciones correctivas para ajustar su tasa de inyección de paquetes. El propósito de esta tesis es analizar las diferentes estratégias de detección y corrección de la congestión en redes multietapa, y proponer nuevos mecanismos de control de la congestión encaminados a este tipo de redes sin descarte de paquetes. Las nuevas propuestas están basadas en una estrategia más refinada de marcaje de paquetes en combinación con un conjunto de acciones correctivas justas que harán al mecanismo capaz de controlar la congestión de manera efectiva con independencia del grado de congestión y de las condiciones de tráfico. / Ferrer Pérez, JL. (2012). DESIGN OF EFFICIENT PACKET MARKING-BASED CONGESTION MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR CLUSTER INTERCONNECTS [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/18197

Since the end of the Current Wars in the 19th Century, alternating current (AC) has dominated the production, transmission, and use of electrical energy. The chief reason for this dominance was (and continues to be) that AC offers a way minimize transmission losses yet transmit large power from generation to load. With the Digital Revolution and the entrance of most of the post-industrialized world into the Information Age, energy usage levels have increased due to the proliferation of electrical and electronic devices in nearly all sectors of life. A stable electrical grid has become synonymous with a stable nation-state and a healthy populace. Large-scale blackouts around the world in the 20th and the early 21st Centuries highlighted the heavy reliance on power systems and because of that, governments and utilities have strived to improve reliability. Simultaneously occurring with the rise in energy usage is the mandate to cut the pollution by generation facilities and to mitigate the impact grid expansion has on environment as a whole. The traditional methods of transmission expansion are beginning to show their limits as utilities move generation facilities farther from load centers, which reduces geographic diversity, and the integration of nondispatchable, renewable energy sources upsets the current operating regime. A challenge faces engineers - how to expand generation, expand transmission capacity, and integrate renewable energy sources while maintaining maximum system efficiency and reliability. A technology that may prove beneficial to the operation of power system is high voltage direct current transmission. The technology brings its own set of advantages and disadvantages, which are in many ways the complement of AC. It is important to update transmission planning processes to account for the new possibilities that HVDC offers. This thesis submits a discussion of high voltage direct current transmission technology itself and an examination of how HVDC can be considered in the planning process. / Master of Science