Interconnection between various types of IT systems used in an enterprise is crucial in these days. Most of companies are using many different kinds of applications in their daily running of the enterprise which leads to necessity of sharing data across those applications to enable all employees to make a right decision upon correct information. In my diploma thesis I deal with interconnection of two systems -- Business Process Management (BPM) and Business Intelligence (BI). Both systems belong to group of top IT systems with big influence on ongoing business and right decision making on all levels from operational to strategic. My paper contains theoretical as well as practical part of the solution for interconnection of BI and BPM systems. First part is about presenting and describing basic concepts and technologies which are used in process of integration of BI and BPM. At the beginning there is a short introduction to BPM, BI and SOA. Following part is including analysis of three major ways of interconnection between BI and BPM systems. Last part of the first theoretical section presents two products. IBM FileNet P8 representative of BPM system and IBM Cognos 8 BI as a representative of BI system. Second part deals with the practical example of real integration between BI and BPM systems. In first part of this section is simple description of the scenario -- business case. After that there is a detail depiction of two different kinds of integration of BI and BPM. Analysis of benefits, advantages and further possibilities are at the end of work.

This diploma thesis describes study of interconnection of Letohrad and Lanškroun water distribution systems. The thesis contains an overview of legislative regulations and technical standards related to the construction, design and directional solution of water supply systems. Following that, there is the description of the current state of the affected water mains. Next part is the design of interconnection including hydraulic analysis in using Epanet 2.0 software. The study contains several variants of the solution. The economic assessment is included.

Les matériaux poreux représentent une solution idéale en ingénierie tissulaire car leur structure peut offrir un environnement tridimensionnel aux cellules similaire à leur matrice extracellulaire tout en maintenant de bonnes propriétés mécaniques. Une première partie de cette thèse consiste à développer des matériaux poreux en polyuréthane (PU), dont l’architecture est contrôlée pour favoriser au mieux la survie et la croissance des cellules. Ces matériaux sont combinés à des traitements de surface (revêtement de polydopamine (PDA) et traitement plasma) pour augmenter notamment l’adhésion des cellules. Nous avons pu démontrer que le diamètre des interconnexions (i.e. l’ouverture connectant deux pores adjacents) impacte profondément la survie et l’organisation des cellules à long terme dans le matériau. Le revêtement de PDA s’est révélé efficace pour des cellules de type fibroblaste, alors que le traitement plasma favorise la colonisation des cellules souches mésenchymateuses (MSCs). Par ailleurs, nous avons étudié l’influence de la formulation du PU sur les capacités d’adhésion des cellules au matériau. Nous avons démontré que pour un ratio donné entre les réactifs, l’adhésion des cellules peut être exclue ou permise. Finalement, nous avons mis un gel de peptides auto-assemblés dans les pores du matériau pour fournir aux cellules un environnement similaire à leur matrice extracellulaire. Nous avons pu montrer que le gel permet d’augmenter la prolifération des MSCs. / Porous materials are an ideal solution in tissue engineering since they can provide a three-dimensional environment to the cells that is close to their extracellular matrix while keeping suitable mechanical properties. In the first part of this Thesis we develop porous materials made from polyurethane (PU) whose architecture is controlled to allow cells colonisation and growth. These materials are subsequently surface-treated (polydopamine (PDA) coating and plasma treatment) to enhance the adhesion of the cells. We were able to show that the interconnection diameter (i.e. the aperture connecting two adjacent pores) has an important impact on the long-term cell survival and organization in the material. Polydopamine coating was shown to be efficient for fibroblasts, whereas plasma treatment promoted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) colonisation. Besides, we also studied the influence of the PU formulation on the adhesion capacity of the cells. We demonstrated that at a given ratio between the reactants, cell adhesion could be allowed or prevented. Finally, we put a hydrogel of self-assembled peptides inside the pores of the material to provide an environment close to the extracellular matrix for the cells. We could show that the gel increases the proliferation ability of MSCs. In summary, this Thesis puts forward the important interplay between material properties and morphology of porous scaffolds.

The increasing number of delay and loss critical services in packet networks require differentiated packet handling in the forwarding plane. Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees can be given for networks using resource reservation and admission control. However, such strategies require complex control plane extensions and might lead to higher operation expenditures. Network operators therefore often use over-provisioning and traffic differentiation to offer cheaper class of service quality in their internet protocol (IP) packet networks. Priority marking and forwarding of packetized data traffic can be realized mainly using different layer two and three mechanisms. The number of differentiated classes and their autonomous system (AS) internal implementation is at the operator’s choice. This paper proposes a concept of cross-domain and cross-layer priority signaling between packet switched networks to be used at the inter-AS peering points. It makes use of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) as the predominantly used routing protocol for AS peering communication. A new BGP-4 path attribute is used to convey the structured priority information. The new concept ensures that all receiving AS peers are consistently and comprehensively informed about the QoS handling within the IP prefix originating AS. Based on this information, all ASes can perform close QoS treatment approximation in a cross-domain and cross-layer manner. The approach is now work in progress at the IETF.

The increasing number of delay and loss critical services in packet networks require differentiated packet handling in the forwarding plane. Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees can be given for networks using resource reservation and admission control. However, such strategies require complex control plane extensions and might lead to higher operation expenditures. Network operators therefore often use over-provisioning and traffic differentiation to offer cheaper Class of Service (CoS) quality in their internet protocol (IP) packet networks. The number of differentiated classes and their autonomous system (AS) internal implementation is at the operator’s choice. This paper proposes a signalling concept for inter-AS layer three Class Set signalling, supported classes, their encoding and packet rate limitations. It makes use of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) as the predominantly used routing protocol for AS peering communication. The paper specifies two new nontransitive attributes, which enable adjacent peers to signal Class of Service capabilities and admission control limitations. The new "CoS Capability Attribute" and the “CoS Parameter Attribute" are simple data structures, which signal the classes, their per hop behaviour (PHB) ID code and the token bucket control performed at the ingress AS border router for rate limitation purposes. The denoted Class of Service forwarding support is meant as the AS externally available (transit) Class of Service support. The approach is now work in progress at the IETF.

This document focuses on Class of Service Interconnection at inter- domain peering points. It specifies two new non-transitive attributes, which enable adjacent peers to signal Class of Service Capabilities and certain Class of Service admission control Parameters. The new "CoS Capability Attribute" is deliberately kept simple and denotes the general EF, AF Group and BE forwarding support across the advertising AS. The second "CoS Parameter Attribute" is of variable length and contains a more detailed description of available forwarding behaviours using the PHB id Code encoding. Each PHB id Code is associated with rate and size based traffic parameters, which will be applied in the ingress AS Border Router for admission control purposes to a given forwarding behaviour. The denoted Class of Service forwarding support is meant as the AS externally available (transit) Class of Service support.

CsrA is a global regulator and the main player of the carbon storage regulator (Csr) network, a well- conserved regulatory network in the bacterial world. CsrA is involved in regulation of many physiological processes, including pathways of central carbon metabolism, biofilm formation, motility and virulence in pathogenic species. CsrA acts at the post-transcriptional level by binding specific sequences on its target mRNAs, leading to mRNA destabilization or stabilization. The majority of studies were analyzing a csrA mutant of E. coli K-12 encoding a truncated form of the CsrA protein, retaining residual activity.<p>This work aims at further characterize the roles of CsrA by deleting the entire csrA gene in a recently isolated strain, the uropathogenic E. coli CFT073 strain. Deletion of csrA leads to a marked growth defect, indicating that this gene, although not essential, is primordial for growth. We performed experimental evolution of csrA deletion mutants. Compensatory mutants totally outcompete the original csrA deletion mutant after six days of culture, indicating that the applied selective pressures are strong. The ÄcsrA and three ÄcsrA evolved mutants were extensively analyzed by combining molecular techniques such as genetics, microscopy and use of fluorescent reporters, and global approaches, including comparative proteomics and whole genome sequencing.<p>Our data indicate that csrA deletion strongly affects central metabolism and energy status, constituting an endogenous metabolic stress that, in turn, induces specific stress responses. This work illustrates the interconnection of multiple regulation networks for responding to specific conditions and demonstrates the flexibility of metabolic network to compensate for genetic perturbations in E. coli.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Le développement des radars automobiles, à la bande de fréquences 76-77 GHz, a connu une croissance importante au cours de la dernière décennie. Les développements en cours doivent faire face à deux grands défis. Le premier défi est la réduction du coût pour équiper plus de catégories de voitures avec ces radars. Le deuxième défi est l'amélioration des performances du radar afin de satisfaire les demandes croissantes des autorités de sécurité routière et d'équiper la voiture autonome. L'émetteur-récepteur radar automobile constitue le cœur du système. Par conséquent, une pression importante est exercée sur les fournisseurs de semi-conducteurs pour développer des radars de nouvelle génération avec des performances supérieures et à un coût inférieur par rapport aux générations précédentes. Améliorer les performances de l'émetteur-récepteur passe par par l'amélioration de ces quatre paramètres : le facteur de bruit, le niveau de puissance de l'émetteur, le bruit de phase et la dissipation thermique. La réduction de coût peut être obtenue en réduisant le temps de test, les tailles de la puce et du PCB et le coût du boitier. Dans ce travail, nous proposons une réduction du coût du boitier et de la taille du PCB, en plus de l'amélioration de la dissipation thermique grâce à une encapsulation intégré au niveau plaquette (FI-WLP pour Fan-In Wafer Level Package). Le boitier WLCSP (Wafer Level Chip Scale Package), le plus connu FI-WLP, a été choisi pour cette application. C'est la première fois dans l'histoire des semi-conducteurs que le FI-WLP est utilisé pour du Silicium à des fréquences aussi élevées. Le premier chapitre décrit le système radar et ses principaux composants. Il met l'accent sur la contribution de l'émetteur-récepteur, puis le boitier, sur les performances du radar. Le deuxième chapitre fournit une méthodologie pour la modélisation électromagnétiques et la validation expérimentale de ces modèles, appliquée à des structures passives sur puce. Des innovations, améliorant significativement les performances électriques du boitier WLCSP, sont révélées dans le troisième chapitre. La caractérisation du WLCSP est en soi un défi. De nouvelles méthodologies de caractérisation de ce boitier sont alors proposées dans le même chapitre. Par la suite, un nouveau mélangeur encapsulé en WLCSP est conçu et présenté dans le quatrième chapitre. Le facteur de bruit obtenu est à l'état de l'art, malgré l'utilisation du très contraignant boitier FI-WLP. Tous les résultats de simulation de la transition WLCSP et du mélangeur sont validés par des mesures. Cette caractérisation confirme les excellentes performances attendues du boitier et du circuit conçus. / The development of automotive radars, at the frequency band 76-77 GHz, has experienced a significant growth over the last decade. Ongoing developments have to cope with two main challenges. The first challenge is reducing the cost to equip more car categories with these radars. The second challenge is to improve radar performance in order to satisfy the increasing demands of the road safety authorities and to equip the autonomous car. The automotive radar transceiver is the masterpiece of the system. Therefore, significant pressure is exerted on the semiconductor suppliers to develop next generation radars with superior performances and at lower cost than previous generations. Improving the radar transceiver performances requires improving these four main parameters: Noise Figure (NF), Power Amplifier (PA) power, Phase Noise (PN) and heat dissipation. Lowering the cost can be achieved by reducing test time, chip and PCB sizes, and wafers and package costs. We propose, in this work, a reduction of package cost and PCB size and improvement of heat dissipation by using a FI-WLP. The Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (WLCSP), the best known FI-WLP, was chosen for this application. It is the first time, in Silicon semiconductors history, that a FI-WLP is used at such high frequencies. The first chapter describes the radar system in general and its main components. It focuses on the contribution of the transceiver then the package to the radar performances. The second chapter provides a methodology for EM models validation based on the modeling and experimental validation of passive structures on-chip. Innovations, significantly improving the WLCSP electrical performances, are revealed in the third chapter. The characterization of WLP is, itself, a challenge and novel methodologies to perform it are proposed in the same chapter. Thereafter, a new WLCSP packaged mixer, where block core and RF input matching are co-optimized, is designed and presented in the fourth chapter. The obtained NF is at the state-of-the-art, whereas the very constraining FI-WLP is used. All WLCSP transition and mixer simulation results are validated through measurement. This characterization confirms the excellent performances expected from this novel package and circuit designs.

Due to the increasing number of components involved in Radio Frequency design, integration and packaging become an important topic of developing power-efficient and cost-effective solutions. Furthermore, interconnections are a key factor in such a topic because they are heavily used in Radio Frequency engineering, especially in the Fifth Generation. Among the interconnections, bond wires are one of the most commonly used.In micro assembly design, it is crucial to understand and model the behavior of each component, including interconnections. Radio Frequency engineers usually use the bond wire models in the software directly without questioning if the model actually has the same behavior as the fabricated one. Therefore, how to accurately model and characterize the bond wires becomes valuable, and furthermore, how the physical dimensions affect the transmission performance. This Master’s thesis project aims to solve this problem by building simple models for single bond wire and double bond wires with coupling, and verifying them by electromagnetic simulation and measurement.The project has built bond wire models in Matlab and in electromagnetic simulators NI AWR and ANSYS HFSS. The actual test structures are also fabricated using the bonding machine, and measured by vector network analyzer. A sufficient amount of data has been collected from these sources and then analyzed. The proposed analytical model of bond wires is valid after comparing its results with those from simulation and measurement. In addition, the effect of the loop height and separation distance on the transmission performance is studied and has a well verified conclusion.This thesis work will be helpful to Radio Frequency engineers, who use bond wires in the micro assembly of their design. They would be able to characterize the bond wires more accurately and adjust the physical dimensions in order to achieve the desired performance. / På grund av det ökande antalet komponenter i radiofrekvensdesign, integration och förpackning blivit ett viktigt ämne för att utveckla energieffektiva och kostnadseffektiva lösningar. Sammankopplingar är en nyckelfaktor i ett sådant ämne, eftersom de är starkt används i radiofrekvensteknik. Bland dem, bondtrådar är en av de vanligaste.Det är viktigt att förstå och modellera beteendet hos varje komponent. Därför hur att noggrant modellera och karakterisera bondtrådarna blir ett värdefullt problem, och dessutom, hur de fysiska dimensionerna påverkar överföringsprestanda.Projektet har byggt bondtrådsmodeller i Matlab och i elektromagnetiska simulatorer NI AWR och ANSYS HFSS. De faktiska teststrukturerna tillverkas också med hjälp av bindningsmaskinen och mäts av vektornätverksanalysatorn. Den föreslagna analysmodellen för bindningstrådar är giltig efter att ha jämfört dess resultat med dem från simulering och mätning. Dessutom studeras effekten av slinghöjden och separationsavståndet på transmissionens prestanda och har en väl verifierad slutsats.

Computer networks can be classified into two broad categories: wired networks and wireless networks, according to the hardware and software technologies used to interconnect the individual devices. Wired interconnection networks are hardware fabrics supporting communications between individual processors in highperformance computing systems (e.g., multi-computer systems and cluster systems). On the other hand, due to the rapid development of wireless technologies, wireless networks have emerged and become an indispensable part for people¿s lives. The integration of different wireless technologies is an effective approach to accommodate the increasing demand of the users to communicate with each other and access the Internet. This thesis aims to investigate the performance of wired interconnection networks and integrated wireless networks under the realistic working conditions. Traffic patterns have a significant impact on network performance. A number of recent measurement studies have convincingly demonstrated that the traffic generated by many real-world applications in communication networks exhibits bursty arrival nature and the message destinations are non-uniformly distributed. Analytical models for the performance evaluation of wired interconnection networks and integrated wireless networks have been widely reported. However, most of these models are developed under the simplified assumption of non-bursty Poisson process with uniformly distributed message destinations. To fill this gap, this thesis first presents an analytical model to investigate the performance of wired interconnection networks in multi-computer systems. Secondly, the analytical models for wired interconnection networks in multi-cluster systems are developed. Finally, this thesis proposes analytical models to evaluate the end-to-end delay and throughput of integrated wireless local area networks and wireless mesh networks. These models are derived when the networks are subject to bursty traffic with non-uniformly distributed message destinations which can capture the burstiness of real-world network traffic in the both temporal domain and spatial domain. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted to validate the accuracy of the analytical models. The models are then used as practical and cost-effective tools to investigate the performance of heterogeneous wired or wireless networks under the traffic patterns exhibited by real-world applications.