Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University of Pennsylvania. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, June, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-164)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, 2005. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-260).

This thesis explores the Urdu poetry of Perveen Shakir, a Pakistani, third-world, Muslim, female poet, in her socio-cultural, religious and political context. The entire four collections written between 1977 and 1990 are analysed in order to depict the stages of her life: girl, woman, mother and poet. The collections were written during extreme political pressure of martial law, dictatorship and the Islamisation of General Zia’s regime (1977-1988). The thesis argues that Shakir, an educated self-aware Pakistani Muslim woman, is formulating new feminist ideas and concepts of individual freedom through her unconventional love poetry; in that way crossing the limits of her traditional ‘feminine’ nisvani demands, whilst she is also struggling under the extreme cultural, political and religious pressure of a Muslim society which conflicts with her liberal ‘feminist’ thinking. Shakir is constantly shifting between two positions: a traditional ‘feminine’ nisvani and a ‘feminist’ position. Influenced by her Eastern culture she clings to the traditional identity, sometimes due to her own personal choice, and sometimes under her cultural pressure, unwilling to alienate her traditional self which understands that a husband is a symbol of respect and security for a Pakistani woman. Influenced by western culture she reveals her liberal feminist voice openly writing about her sexual needs and also writing about her marginalised position from which she criticises the politics of patriarchy. This intercultural influence in the Urdu poetry of Shakir is reflected through these overlapping and co-existing positions, where she is neither a true feminist poet by western standards (anti-sexist and anti-patriarchal) nor a clear traditional ‘feminine’ nisvani. In the end, she compromises in order to survive in her Islamic culture, re-adjusting and rethinking her liberal feminist ideas. The main concern of the thesis is to explain the complex and multi-layered meanings of the term ‘woman’ in the Pakistani cultural context. The analysis has shown that in Pakistani culture the concept of self or individual freedom for a Pakistani Muslim woman is not a simple question. This study focuses on various stages of Shakir’s biographical journey employing the theoretical framework of dialogism which reveals the development of feminisms, and how they balance in the end. No critical study on Shakir from a third-world postcolonial Pakistani perspective, analysing her poetry within a theoretical framework, has been written so far, and therefore this study is an invaluable contribution to current scholarly knowledge of the discipline. This study also contributes in another way, as it is the first work in English at this level.

The purpose of this dissertation is to provide an academic platform for people who are homeless to narrate their lived experiences. Traditionally, scholars and politicians drive public conversations about homelessness and commonly reach conclusions that require more social programs and more funding. In the literature review of this dissertation, I argue that many social programs for the homeless, while well intended, fall short of their goals because scholars and politicians do not appreciate the idea that homeless people are part of a distinct culture with different lifestyles and objectives. Because of the cultural differences between the housed and the homeless, social programs that may work for the housed may not work for the homeless. Therefore, to create policy that will best function for the homeless, it is important to learn about the culture of homelessness by listening to the voices of homeless people. In an effort to learn about the culture of homelessness, in this dissertation I utilize the narrative paradigm as a theoretical framework and ask: How do homeless people narrate their experiences?; What types of experiences and relationships do homeless people have with government benefits and charitable organizations?; and How would homeless people craft economic and social policy if given the opportunity to do so? To answer these questions, I spent one summer working at a homeless shelter and interviewed 10 homeless people. While each person had an individual story, there were common themes that emerged among participants. These themes were arranged chronologically and analyzed in chapters entitled: Losing Everything, Navigating the System, Manipulating the System, and Seeking Recognition/Finding Community. Based on my analysis of these narratives, I propose suggestions for how public policy can better respond to the needs of the homeless by offering long-term shelter assistance, connecting benefits to work and education performance, and educating the housed about the resources available for the homeless in their community. In the end, implementing policies that address homelessness should be done in conversation with the homeless. The voices of homeless people matter and intercultural dialogue between the housed and the homeless fosters a sense of mutual respect, personal empowerment, and shared ownership of public policy.

This thesis investigates the representation of African dance in the United States, particularly through African dance classes and public performances. It chronicles the motivations that catalyze participation for students and instructors and studies the effects of practice on Americans' understanding of Africa as an imagined place. My findings are based on ethnographic field research in community dance classes and dance troupes in Eugene, Oregon and southern New Hampshire and Vermont from 2009-2012. The project details dance practices produced for the stage in West Africa that are reinterpreted and re-produced in American dance class settings and then subsequently retranslated for the stage by Americans. It illustrates how West African griot culture, economic realities, and audience demand influence transnational dance instruction and suggests alternative ways of understanding concepts of representation, agency, and authorship. Further, it explores how American dance students apply narratives about African dance they learn in class to forge new communities that provide fulfillment absent in their daily lives. Ultimately, the thesis demonstrates how intersections between personal and social histories and performance and performativity in African dance communities in the United States can both reaffirm and disrupt official discourses about race, ethnicity, and artistic expression.

Mediante una descripción vivencial de la construcción de la Universidad Intercultural Maya de Quintana Roo, este trabajo presenta importantes decisiones tomadas y caminos andados para la implementación de un modelo educativo, intercultural, en un contexto de alto rezago y pobreza de los indígenas mayas en Quintana Roo. Sin descuidar las normas y políticas que aplican a instituciones públicas en México, los esquemas de financiamiento, arreglo institucional y pedagogía intercultural, desarrollados en la UIMQRoo, tomaron en cuenta elementos de aprendizaje/transmisión y de construcción/ innovación de conocimiento que combinan aspectos de la cultura local con la educación convencional. Altos indicadores de retención, titulación, empleabilidad y calidad de los programas educativos, así como opiniones de egresados, alcanzados de febrero 2007 a febrero 2015, hacen pensar que las decisiones condujeron hacia la dirección correcta. / This work presents important decisions made during the implementationof the intercultural educational model at the UniversidadIntercultural Maya de Quintana Roo, Mexico, in a context of povertyand conditions of lagging behind the rest of the society of theindigenous Yucatec Maya population. Within the legal frameworkof public universities in Mexico, the financing of projects, thedeveloping of intercultural pedagogy and designing the institutionalsettings, rested on elements that included learning/transmission andconstruction/innovation of knowledge that combined aspects of thelocal culture with conventional education. High figures on indicatorssuch as retention, graduation rate, employability, and quality ofthe academic programs, along with opinions from alumni, achievedduring the period of February 2007 to February 2015, indicate thatthe decisions and actions taken in the beginning of the constructionof the intercultural model at UIMQRoo, were in the right direction.

Orientador: Marilda do Couto Cavalcanti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-21T15:26:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maher_TerezinhaMachado_D.pdf: 37916958 bytes, checksum: c718ce222c3e63e93ef8bf465ad59584 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996 / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é descrever e discutir os modos pelos quais as práticas discursivas dos participantes índios de um projeto de educação indígena na Amazônia Ocidental refletem processos de (re)definição do que é ser, hoje, um professor-índio, tendo em vista o momento sócio-histórico. As práticas discursivas eleitas como recorte para esta reflexão são aquelas que dizem respeito à identidade lingüística destes professores, ou seja, às interpretações culturais de suas relações com as línguas que compõem seu repertório verbal (cf. Rampton, 1995). Uma vez que os sujeitos desta pesquisa estão imersos em conflito diglóssico, tal conflito é considerado pano de fundo para a análise de seus processos identificatórios (cf. Boyer, 1985). Coletados etnograficamente, os dados analisados recebem tratamento qualitativo. O corpus investigado é composto de entrevistas, aulas e atividades extracurriculares gravadas em áudio e vídeo durante cinco cursos de formação pedagógica de que os professores-índios em pauta participaram. Documentos escritos e gravações realizadas em uma aldeia indígena constituem dados secundários de investigação. A observação participante informa o exame dos depoimentos concedidos e a microanálise de interações espontâneas (cf. Erickson, 1992). Discursos referentes a esforços de preservação e recuperação de línguas indígenas, em suas modalidades orais e escritas, s.ãodiscutidos por se mostrarem fatores determinantes nos processos de (re)construção de facetas da identidade dos professores-índios observados. A emergência de um Português Índio utilizado pelos sujeitos de pesquisa para marcar etnicidade, bem como a utilização da língua dominante para o estabelecimento de uma identidade indígenapan-étnica são, também, focos de reflexão. A expectativa é de que os resultados desta pesquisa possam provocar e subsidiar reflexões acerca dos processos de formação pedagógica de professores-índios no país / Abstract: The objective of this thesis is to describe and discuss the ways through which the discursive practices of the Indian participants of an Indigenous Educational Project in Western Amazonia reflect processes of (re)definition of what it means, today, to be an Indian teacher, considering the social-historical moment. The discursive practices chosen as data are those related to the linguistic identity of these teachers, that is, to the cultural. interpretations of their relations with the languages that make up their verbal repertoire (cf. Rampton, 1995). Since the subjects of this research are immersed in diglossic conflict, such conflict is taken as background for the analysis of their identificatory processes (cf. Boyer, 1985). Collected ethnographically, the data receives qualitative treatment. Data base includes audio-visual recordings of interviews, classroom and extra-curricula activities which took place during tive of these Indian teachers education courses. Written documents, as well as recorded materiaIs made in an Indian village, constitute secondary data for analysis (cf. Erickson, 1992). Discourse related to efforts concerning the preservation and recuperation of indigenous languages, both in their oral and written modes, were described and discussed since they proved to be determinant factors in the processes of (re)construction of aspects of the Indian teachers identities. The emergency of an Indian Portuguese to mark ethnicity, as well as the utilisation of the dominant language for the establishment of a pan-ethnic, cross-cultural indigenous identity, were also the focus of investigation. The expectation is that the results of this study will contribute to discussions about the processes oflndian teachers pedagogical orientation courses in Brazil / Doutorado / Doutor em Linguística