Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology)

Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / One of the biggest problems faced by translators has always been the issue of whether a translation should be a free translation or a literal translation. These days, the general tendency is to view a translation as a cultural transfer of information (or intercultural communication) and no longer as merely a linguistic transfer of information. This study took the translation of the applications (columns that deal with life issues) in the Leefstyl-Bybel vir Vroue (LBV), as adapted from the Bible, as subject matter. The reason for this choice of subject matter was that these applications were translated for a target audience (Afrikaans-speaking women) that differs culturally from the source text readers and that the new culture, therefore, constantly had to be taken into account in the translation. It was found that the following theoretical approaches had been successfully applied in the translation of the source text. Firstly, there was the Functionalist approach, where the work of Nord en Vermeer played a significant role. Vermeer’s Skopos Theory focuses, above all, on the aim of a translation and Nord’s instrumental translation on the fact that a translation must communicate successfully with the target text readers in their culture. The LBV is functionalist in the sense that it was translated with a specific aim in mind, namely to empower the Afrikaans-speaking women on a political level and to counter their voicelessness and disempowerment. Secondly, Gutt’s Relevance Theory, and the term “Indirect Translation” in particular, were used. This kind of communication communicates the meaning of the original in such a way that it makes sense to the target language reader in her own context. For example, the metaphors were adapted because the original metaphors would not have been relevant to the Afrikaans-speaking women. New text, that the translator felt was relevant to the target language readers, was also added to the target text. Lastly, Venuti’s Foreignizing and Domestication were used. The LBV was highly domesticated, which meant that the target language values were visible to the target language culture in the translation. This domestication was successful because the translation met the cultural expectations of the target audience. The concept of “Gender and Translation” was also examined. The reason or need for the translation and why the source text had been translated for this target audience specifically, also had to be determined. It was found that women in South Africa had been oppressed for some time. The publisher therefore deemed it necessary to have a Bible for women in Afrikaans. Presenting the Bible to them in a “woman-friendly” way would assist them to believe in their own worth. The source text and the target text were compared and analysed on the macro and micro levels. It was determined whether the above theoretical approaches were successfully applied and whether the target text worked as a communicative instrument in the new target culture. Various reviews were consulted. These reviews and the research in this study indicated that the LBV had been successfully received by the target audience.

The rapid telescoping of the need to communicate cross-culturally in an ever widening range of contexts sets the basic circumstances for this study. Private and public sector interviewing become more important as cultural and cross-cultural factors emerge in coventuring enterprises. Standard interviewing programs and procedures do not usually focus on cross-cultural variables. A model is necessary through which to orchestrate the interview in a generic form and into which substantive illustrations for cross-cultural interviews can be placed. The Cube model designed by Dr. T. Frank Saunders, in his Double Think book, was adapted to this purpose and provides a comprehensive and exhaustive format for this study. The advent of CD ROM, high storage and easy retrieval computer technology, makes the design presented here an effective and efficient system for the collection and collation of demographic and ethnographic data. The Cube model and procedures set forth in this study should facilitate the data collection and development of an interview manual for cross-cultural interviewing.

In the Swedish political debate there is a general agreement about the problems with the integration process regarding especially third country nationals from Africa and Asia. In various SOU reports,1 there are testimonies about flaws in the interaction between the majority community and minority groups (where newly arrived third-country nationals are an especially prevalent group). Thus, Sweden has for several decades been in transformation from a culturally relatively homogeneous nation into a multicultural society. There have of course been cultures like the Sami, Finnish, Roma and German present alongside the Swedish majority culture. However, today there are neighborhoods where people with a “traditional” Swedish cultural background are a minority. Furthermore in almost all parts of society, like school, health, media etc., there are indications of discrimination (SOU 2006:73). This seems to be in line with a general tendency within the European Union where increased multiculturality has been fueling anti-immigrant movements of which some has even gained enough popular support to gain seats in the EU-parliament.

The purpose of the study is to examine how the Spanish teachers in secondary schools consider culture and intercultural competencies. This study also makes use of a sociocultural perspective that is in relation with the intercultural perspective and puts its mark in the study. To support our research we used the qualitative method, specifically, the semi-structured interview. Five Spanish language faculty members stemming from various areas of the country were interviewed. As a result of the questions presented we were able to conclude that teaching Spanish and Latin American culture is a fundamental objective in Spanish language classes. Another aspect that is worth highlighting in the data analysis is the importance of intercultural education in order to avoid misunderstandings, stereotypes, and cultural prejudices. In order to obtain this objective it is necessary that the language teacher apply different resources, strategies, and materials that will help activate and motivate students' learning, comprehension and interactions with other cultures.

Magister en Psicología Clínica de Adultos / Autor No autoriza la publicación de su tesis a texto completo hasta Marzo 2019 / El estudio explica los quehaceres y distingue las relaciones micropolíticas que se preservan o subvierten en el marco del trabajo en el Programa Salud Mental, y Salud y Pueblos Indígenas en la salud primaria del territorio de Calbuco. Para tal finalidad, se adscribió a una epistemología antirrepresentacionista, y al construccionismo social, marcos comprensivos críticos de las presunciones de verdades generalizables. La metodología fue cualitativa, el método etnográfico, y se recolectó información mediante las técnicas de observación participante y las entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Para el análisis, se utilizó el análisis crítico del discurso y la técnica de análisis hermenéutico. Los resultados arrojaron que las intervenciones interculturales en salud mental son aún incipientes, primando seis dominios discursivos, uno de ellos de “desafío a la praxis”, localizables en las atenciones psicoterapéuticas, favorecedor de relaciones micropolíticas respetuosas con los consultantes originarios. Este discurso resulta favorecido por aquellas “experiencias comunitarias” que conforman modos de habla que los instan a integrar en sus prácticas los saberes ancestrales. Sin embargo, en salud aún predominan discursos que producen relaciones micropolíticas iniciadas por discursos de “experticia profesional-administrativa” y “formación biomédica en salud mental”, que sustentan “discursos de estigmatización y racismo”, que en conjunto sostienen una “salud intercultural dominada por la improductividad

Thesis advisor: Hiroshi Nakazato / In Latin America, Indigenous peoples still exhibit markedly lower qualities of life compared to their nonindigenous peers. One of the most direct ways to change this cycle is through reforms to existing and implementation of new systems of education, such as intercultural bilingual education (EIB), to reflect a greater understanding of and sensitivity to Indigenous linguistic and cultural needs. Through an exploration of EIB in Peru, Bolivia, and Guatemala countries, this study determines some of the primary conditions necessary for EIB’s success to be: national and regional stability; governmental support in both legal and fiscal terms; funding and resources; community support and participation; and system design, program adaptation, and flexibility. If these prerequisites are met, EIB can be an effective way to provide an education to Latin America’s Indigenous peoples in such a way that it is adequate according to local, national, and international standards while simultaneously fulfilling the Indigenous groups’ articulated desire and need for an educational system that appropriately respects, preserves, and fosters the distinct languages and cultures existing within a multicultural state. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: International Studies Honors Program. / Discipline: International Studies.

políticos em muitos países do mundo e, em tais contextos, a competência intercultural é tida como uma característica desejável para todos aqueles que, cada vez mais, cruzam as fronteiras entre culturas. A partir da nossa experiência pessoal em nível linguístico-identitário e profissional, enquanto professora de Italiano como Língua Estrangeira, entendemos que a reflexão explícita sobre a comunicação intercultural mereça um lugar na sala de aula de Língua Estrangeira. Com base nesses pressupostos, é objetivo da nossa pesquisa salientar a vertente intercultural do ensino-aprendizagem na sala de aula de Italiano como Língua Estrangeira e, especificamente, verificar se uma atividade didática, construída a partir dos pressupostos do Modelo de Desenvolvimento de Sensibilidade Intercultural MDSI (BENNETT, 1993) e de outros modelos interculturais, pode, de fato, estimular a sensibilidade ou a competência intercultural não apenas em nível cognitivo, mas também perceptivo. Deseja-se, ademais, verificar se o exercício \"Descrição, Interpretação e Avaliação\" (Description, Interpretation and Evaluation Exercise DIE) (BENNETT; BENNETT, 1988), que visa a promover a compreensão e a diferenciação entre os três conceitos citados, incentiva a tomada de consciência dos juízos de valor dos sujeitos da pesquisa, fazendo vir à tona sua relatividade pessoal e cultural. Em um plano mais geral, almeja-se registrar efeitos e reações dos aprendizes em contato com tal atividade didática. Em nível metodológico optamos pelo método qualitativo que, de acordo com Donna Mertens (1998), pertence ao paradigma de pesquisa interpretativo/construtivista (interpretive/constructivist) e que remete, portanto, à mesma teoria epistemológica que fundamenta o MDSI. A atividade didática criada foi experimentada junto a duas turmas de alunos de Italiano como Língua Estrangeira no âmbito da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. Os dados recolhidos na experimentação parecem demonstrar que o exercício DIE permitiu alcançar os propósitos da pesquisa, pois os alunos, em linhas gerais, conseguiram: (a) captar e diferenciar os elementos descritivos, interpretativos e avaliativos nos textos propostos na atividade didática; (b) entender sua natureza ao mesmo tempo pessoal e cultural; (c) em parte, aplicar e interpretar de forma pessoal e criativa o exercício DIE ao tema proposto na atividade didática elaborada para a realização da parte empírica da pesquisa. Em nível mais geral, os alunos compreenderam que o principal foco da atividade didática (não explicitado antecipadamente) foi tentar apreender elementos da cultura subjetiva italiana e que os procedimentos por meio dos quais isso ocorreu (o DIE e a empatia) são ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas em diferentes contextos culturais. / The concepts of \"difference\" and \"identity\" are now a leitmotif in social and political debates in many countries worldwide. In this context, the intercultural competence is considered to be a desirable feature for those who, more and more frequently, are crossing borders between cultures. From my personal both in terms of language and self-identity and from the professional experience, as teacher of Italian as a Foreign Language, I understand that the explicit reflection on intercultural communication deserves a place in the foreign language classroom. Based on such assumptions, the main goal of this research is to highlight the intercultural dimension of teaching and learning in the Italian language classes, and more specificically to verify if a teaching activity, inspired by the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity DMIS (BENNETT, 1993), and other intercultural models, can indeed stimulate the sensitivity and the intercultural competence, not only at a cognitive level, but also at a perceptual level. In addition, we would like to check whether the exercise called the Description, Interpretation, and Evaluation Exercise - DIE (BENNETT, BENNETT, 1988), which aims at fostering the understanding and the differentiation the three concepts mentioned, encourages awareness of the judgments of value in the subjects in this research, highlighting their personal and cultural identity. More generally, we aim at registering the effects and reactions of the learners in contact with such an activity. At a methodological level, we chose the qualitative method that according to Donna Mertens (1998) belongs to the interpretive/constructivist research paradigm and, therefore, refers to the same epistemological theory behind DMIS. The teaching activity developed during this research was applied to the two different groups of students of Italian as a Foreign Language in the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences of the University of São Paulo. The data collected in the trial seems to show that the exercise DIE allowed us to achieve the purposes of the research, once the students, in general, had success in: (a) understanding and being able to distinguish the descriptive, interpretive and evaluative elements in the proposed texts during the teaching activities; (b) understanding their own nature as being \"personal\" and \"cultural\" at the same time; (c) in part, to applying and interpreting in a personal and creative way the DIE exercise, which was proposed as an activity designed to carry out the empirical part of this research. On a broader sense, the students were also able to understand that the main focus of the activity (which was not explicit beforehand) was to attempt to grasp elements of the Italian subjective culture. It is noteworthy that the procedures by which this occurred (the DIE and \"the empathy\") are tools that can be used in different cultural contexts.

En este mundo tan diverso y complejo la competencia de saber convivir juntos se torna en un tema muy demandante en todas las sociedades y su abordaje implica, necesariamente, el desarrollo de la educación para la convivencia intercultural desde muy temprana edad y desde todos los contextos educativos, es por ello que partimos de la interrogante ¿Cuáles son las estrategias de enseñanza planificadas por los docentes en sus sesiones de aprendizaje que promueven la convivencia intercultural en los estudiantes de 5to grado del nivel secundario de una I.E. de Satipo?, la respuesta se encontrará durante el análisis de la categoría de estudio, estableciendo relaciones entre sus subcategorías. El objetivo principal de la investigación es describir las estrategias de enseñanza que promueven la convivencia intercultural, planificadas por los docentes en sus sesiones de aprendizaje para los estudiantes del 5to grado del nivel secundario de una I.E. de Satipo. Ello se abordará desde la tipología de las estrategias, de los contenidos y de los materiales educativos. La investigación es cualitativa de nivel exploratorio, basada en el método de investigación documental y la técnica de análisis de documentos. Se realizó la selección de 11 sesiones de aprendizaje de las áreas de Formación Ciudadana y Cívica, Comunicación y Ciencia Tecnología y Ambiente del quinto grado de secundaria cuyas capacidades reflejaron aproximaciones directas con los contenidos de la convivencia intercultural, lo cual permitió su selección para el análisis de la planificación de las estrategias de enseñanza de los docentes. El resultado más importante y concluyente de este estudio es que, en general, los docentes de las áreas de Formación Ciudadana y Cívica, Comunicación y Ciencia Tecnología y Ambiente del quinto grado de secundaria sí planifican los cinco tipos de estrategias de enseñanza sugeridas para la promoción de la convivencia intercultural en el aula, siendo las que más se programan aquellas que generan los conocimientos previos y las que facilitan la adquisición de los conocimientos conceptuales y procedimentales; mientras que las que menos se planifican son las que están orientadas a la resolución de conflictos; estas últimas sólo están programadas en el área de Formación Ciudadana y Cívica. / Tesis

La presente Memoria de Experiencia Profesional expondrá el trabajo que realicé en Haití en el Grupo de Apoyo a los Repatriados y Refugiados (GARR) entre septiembre de 2012 y agosto de 2013. GARR fue uno de los socios territoriales de la Fundación América Solidaria, y me recibió por un año bajo la figura del voluntariado profesional. El objetivo general de mi trabajo en GARR fue generar un incremento en la incidencia de las actividades que realiza la organización a través de capacitaciones en tecnología de la información y comunicación (TIC) a su personal y miembros de sus redes. Así como con acciones de mejoramiento de la comunicación interna de la organización; y con el establecimiento de lineamientos para mejorar la metodología de trabajo en la sección de comunicación e incidencia pública del GARR. Cuando uno escucha algo sobre Haití inmediatamente lo relaciona con una pobreza miserable, se nos viene a la mente un país en escombros, lleno de campamentos con problemas de luz, agua y saneamiento especialmente tras el terremoto del 12 de enero de 2010. Estas son las imágenes que los medios de comunicación utilizan cuando mencionan a Haití en las noticias. También nos recuerdan que es un país con mucha ayuda de la cooperación internacional y que la relación con República Dominicana es tensa. Esta percepción de los medios de comunicación es cierta, pero no muestran toda la realidad de Haití. Por ejemplo, se olvidan de señalar todas las potencialidades que tiene este país, como sus hermosas playas. / Tesis