Devido a uma preocupação com a qualidade do ensino contábil no Brasil, este estudo permitiu verificar que as atuais Diretrizes Curriculares do Curso de Ciências Contábeis possuem uma visão de preparar os alunos para enfrentar as rápidas mudanças do mercado. Além disso, o estudo favorece a constatação que, de acordo com esta visão, o termo interdisciplinaridade é citado diversas vezes no documento. Observa-se que o conceito é complexo e entendido de diferentes formas pelos autores da área educacional. Constata-se que existem os que entendem o conceito como um tipo de pesquisa, os que defendem como um nível de relacionamento entre as disciplinas e os que assumem ser uma atitude. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi verificar a existência de características interdisciplinares no ensino e na pesquisa dos cursos de graduação em Ciências Contábeis. A pesquisa foi dividida em três partes: na primeira, pesquisou-se, compilou-se e discutiu-se, por meio de uma revisão da bibliografia educacional, o conceito de interdisciplinaridade no ensino e na pesquisa; na segunda, pesquisou-se, compilou-se e discutiu-se, por meio de dados secundários, as características do ensino e da pesquisa contábil no Brasil; na terceira, realizou-se um censo dos coordenadores dos cursos superiores de Ciências Contábeis da cidade de São Paulo que participaram do Exame Nacional de Cursos de 2003, contrastando os dados primários com os conceitos sobre interdisciplinaridade encontrados. As duas hipóteses da pesquisa para a população analisada foram comprovadas, ou seja, há indícios de que o nível de relacionamento entre as disciplinas é baixo e da inexistência de características interdisciplinares no ensino e na pesquisa contábil. Recomenda-se maior atenção por parte das instituições para essas características, aumentando as formas organizadas de incentivo à pesquisa na graduação, aproximando os alunos de cursos diferentes, criando lógicas de distribuição das disciplinas em que um assunto seja mais ou tão importante quanto o cumprimento dos conteúdos. Para futuras pesquisas, são apresentadas sugestões: (i) uma extensão desta pesquisa para outros Municípios, Estados ou até mesmo para o Brasil como um todo; (ii) a escolha de um dos blocos de características analisadas para um aprofundamento; (iii) a utilização de outras técnicas de coleta de dados; (iv) a análise dos Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso dos cursos de graduação em Ciências Contábeis; e (v) um quadro comparativo entre e Brasil e outros países (e.g., EUA). / In regards to the concerning of the accounting education quality in Brazil, this study allowed to establish that the current Curricular Lines of the Accounting Course have a vision to prepare the pupils to face the fast changes of the market. Moreover the study benefits the evidence that in accordance with this vision the term interdisciplinarity is quoted many times in the document. It observes that the concept is complex and it is understood in different forms by the authors of the educational area. It verifies that there are the ones that understand the concept as a type of research, the ones that defend as a level of relationship among the disciplines and the ones that assume to be an attitude. The general aim of the work was to verify the existence of interdisciplinary characteristics in the education and in the research of the Accounting graduation courses. The research was divided in three parts: in the first one, it was searched, compiled and argued by means of a review of the educational bibliography the concept of interdisciplinarity in education and in the research; in the second, it was searched, compiled and argued by means of secondary data the characteristics of the education and the accounting research in Brazil; in the third, a census of the coordinators of the Accounting superior courses of Sao Paulo city that took part of the 2003 National Examination Courses became fulfilled contrasting the primary data with the concepts found on interdisciplinarity. The two hypotheses of the research for the analyzed population were proved, in other words, there are signs that the level of relationship among the disciplines are low and the inexistence of interdisciplinary characteristics in the education and in the accounting research. It recommends larger attention on the part of the institutions for these characteristics, increasing the organized forms of incentive to the research in the graduation level, bringing together the pupils of different courses, creating logics of distribution where the subject be more or so important as the fulfillment of the contents. For future researches suggestions are offered: (i) an extension of this research to other Cities, States or even for Brazil as a hole; (ii) the choice of a deepening analysis for one of the blocks analyzed; (iii) the use of other techniques for data collection; (iv) the analysis of the Conclusion Course Works of the graduation level in Accounting; and (v) a comparative picture between Brazil and some other country. (United States for example).

A interdisciplinaridade e a interprofissionalidade são componentes essenciais da Gerontologia e do trabalho em equipe no atendimento de saúde do idoso. Entretanto, dificuldades podem surgir para a real implementação destes conceitos na prática gerontológica. Este estudo visou levantar as percepções de uma equipe de profissionais que atua em um ambulatório especializado no atendimento gerontológico a respeito da interdisciplinaridade e da interprofissionalidade em sua formação e cotidiano de trabalho com idosos. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, de natureza qualitativa, sob influência de alguns pressupostos alinhados à hermenêutica gadameriana. O instrumento utilizado para coleta dos dados foi um questionário semiestruturado desenvolvido pela pesquisadora e a realização de um grupo focal. Os dados foram categorizados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Minayo. Participaram da pesquisa 21 profissionais de diferentes áreas de formação, que responderam o questionário que continha perguntas sobre suas percepções e sobre o contato que tiveram com os conceitos em sua formação acadêmica e profissional. Dentre estes profissionais, 12 vivenciaram o grupo focal para discussão sobre o tema. Os principais resultados apontaram que estes profissionais conseguem enxergar a importância da interdisciplinaridade e da interprofissionalidade em sua atuação profissional, mesmo que alguns deles tenham dificuldades em definir os conceitos, sendo que os que manifestaram tal dificuldade tinham um maior tempo de experiência na atuação gerontológica. Apontaram ainda que 48% deles revelaram contato com os conceitos em sua graduação e 80% tiveram durante sua pós-graduação. Os participantes também sinalizaram barreiras e fatores facilitadores para aplicar os conceitos em prática, apresentando aspectos do relacionamento com outros profissionais e questões institucionais. Frente a esses resultados percebeu-se a necessidade de observação mais próxima da prática destes profissionais visando verificar se de fato os conceitos abordados na teoria estão presentes no cuidado prestado aos idosos. Salienta-se sobre a importância do papel institucional na educação permanente destes profissionais e o compromisso ético e de responsabilidade dos mesmos em se manterem atualizados em relação aos temas centrais da gerontologia e do trabalho em equipe / Interdisciplinarity and interprofessionality are essential components of gerontology and teamwork in elderly health care. However, difficulties can arise for the real implementation of these concepts in gerontological practice. This study aims to raise the perceptions of a team of professionals who work in an outpatient clinic specialized in gerontological care regarding interdisciplinarity and interprofessionality in their training and daily work with the elderly. It is a descriptive research, of qualitative nature, under the influence of some assumptions aligned to the Gadamerian hermeneutics. The instrument used for data collection was a semi-structured questionnaire developed by the researcher and the accomplishment of a focal group. The data were categorized by means of the content analysis technique proposed by Minayo. Twenty-one professionals from different training areas participated in the study, who answered the questionnaire that contained questions about their perceptions and about the contact they had with the concepts in their academic and professional training. Among these professionals, 12 experienced the focus group to discuss the theme. The main results pointed out that these professionals can see the importance of interdisciplinarity and interprofessionality in their professional performance, even though some of them have difficulties in defining the concepts and those who manifested such difficulty had a longer experience in gerontology. They also pointed out that 48% of them revealed contact with the concepts in their graduation and 80% had during their postgraduate studies. Participants also flagged barriers and facilitating factors to apply the concepts in practice, presenting aspects of the relationship with other professionals and institutional issues. In view of these results, it was noticed the need for closer observation of the practice of these professionals in order to verify if in fact the concepts covered in the theory are present in the care given to the elderly. It is emphasized the importance of the institutional role in the permanent education of these professionals and the ethical commitment and responsibility of these professionals to keep up to date of the central themes of gerontology and teamwork

Esta tese tem como intuito interpelar a abordagem literária como objeto de investigação, revelando, pelo olhar geográfico, aspectos sociais e culturais contrapostos pela categoria paisagem a partir do estudo da obra de João Cabral de Melo Neto. O objetivo é, pelo estabelecimento de um diálogo entre Geografia e Literatura no sentido de articular as reflexões cognoscíveis representativas da realidade por meio da tênue linha separativa entre a ficção e o real, perceber as paisagens geográficas pelas tessituras textuais da poética de João Cabral de Melo Neto descritas ao longo do rio Capibaribe e na cidade do Recife. Para tanto, necessário se faz a apresentação de elementos formalizadores pela mostra da abordagem de interpretação literária por meio de investigação. Esta pode revelar ao pesquisador aspectos sociais, econômicos, culturais, históricos e físicos do objeto de investigação e ele o faz com o intuito em contrapor a paisagem real e/ou ficcional. Toda narrativa é uma paisagem e a paisagem narra, neste sentido, analisando as paisagens pela Literatura é possível explorar diversas possibilidades de estudo nos meandros da interdisciplinaridade. Esta análise interdisciplinar é possível porque traça as (dis)similitudes reveladas entre as paisagens percebidas pelos leitores e a carga subjetiva circundada nas cenas miméticas de realidades descritas nos textos literários. O procedimento metodológico está proposto a partir de uma análise da perspectiva da crítica literária como direcionamento contextual para a produção do conhecimento, este recurso faculta ao pesquisador diversas possibilidades para apresentar uma solução a um determinado problema. A busca parte das leituras da poética com enfoques para um diálogo entre a Geografia e a Literatura. Especialmente, estudando a categoria paisagem como formadora da construção do imaginário das cenas cabralinas do Recife e às margens do rio Capibaribe. A escrita lança um olhar geográfico ao conteúdo ficcional literário, este arcabouço poético pode, também como fonte histórica, oferecer experiência, aproximando-nos da realidade e conduzindo-nos a flagrantes das relações nas tramas que nos dão sustentação para lermos e percebermos a paisagem, seja ela real ou ficcional. As descrições do poeta deixam impressas marcas que evidenciam cenas de questões sociais e ambientais, que podem ser percebidas nos poemas Morte e vida severina, O rio: ou a relação da viagem que faz o Capibaribe de sua nascente à cidade do Recife e O cão sem plumas, indicando ao pesquisador novos olhares para observar o mundo. É neste sentido que este trabalho traça um percurso teórico sobre a paisagem para desvelar as percepções das relações descritas nos poemas cabralinos. Assim, as pesquisas que estabelecem o diálogo entre a Geografia e a Literatura contribuem para a compreensão das dinâmicas espaciais. / This thesis aims at the interpellation of the literary approach as an object of investigation, revealing, through the geographic view, social and cultural aspects contrasted by the landscape category. The objective is, establishing a dialogue between Geography and Literature in order to articulate the knowable reflections representative of reality through the tenuous line separating between fiction and the real, to perceive the geographical landscapes by the textual fabric of the poetics of João Cabral de Melo Neto described along the Capibaribe River and in the city of Recife. For that, it is necessary to present formalizing elements by showing the approach of literary interpretation through of research. It can reveal to the researcher the social, economic, cultural, historical and physical aspects of the research object and he does so in order to counteract the real and/or fictional landscape. Every narrative is a landscape and the landscape narrates, in this sense, analyzing the landscapes through Literature, it is possible to explore various possibilities of study in the meanders of interdisciplinarity. This interdisciplinary analysis is possible because it traces the (dis)similarities revealed between the landscapes perceived by the readers and the subjective load surrounded in the mimetic scenes of realities described in the literary texts. The methodological procedure is proposed from an analysis of the perspective of literary criticism as contextual aim for the production of knowledge, this resource gives the researcher several possibilities to present a solution to a given problem. The search starts from the poetics readings with approaches to a dialogue between Geography and literature. Especially, studying the landscape category as a way of constructing the imagery of the cabralina scenes of Recife and the banks of the Capibaribe River. The writing casts a fictional literary content, this poetic framework can, also as a historical source, offer experience, approaching reality and leading us to flagrant relationships in the plots that give us support to read and perceive the landscape, whether real or fictional. The poet\'s descriptions leave imprinted marks that show scenes of social and environmental issues, they can be seen in the poems Morte e vida severina, O rio: ou a relação da viagem que faz o Capibaribe de sua nascente à cidade do Recife and O Cão sem plumas, indicating to the researcher new looks to observe the world. In this sense, it is that this paper traces a theoretical course on the landscape to unveil the perceptions of the relations described in the cabralinos poems. Thus, the researches that establish the dialogue between Geography and Literature contribute to the understanding of spatial dynamics.

Interdisciplinarity among Academic Scientists: Individual and Organizational Factors Fang Xiao 139 Pages Directed by Dr. Julia E. Melkers Drawing on a wide variety of social science theories, this study investigates the effects of tenure system, university climate for interdisciplinary research (IDR), gender, and industry experience on academic scientists’ engagement in IDR in different disciplines. Using survey and bibliometric data, two dependent variables are generated to measure production aspects of IDR: the self-reported percentage of IDR papers which is from researchers’ own estimate of their IDR papers responding to one survey question, and the calculated percentage of IDR papers which is a combination of two bibliometric indicators of scientists’ borrowing and boundary crossing activities. Results find that our conventional wisdom about the effects of some individual and organizational factors on scientists’ propensity to engage in IDR is outdated, and their effects depend on the disciplinary contexts. These findings suggest science policy makers, funding agencies and university administrators to keep fresh and informed about scientists’ research activities and underlying context and take full into account of distinct characteristics of different disciplines when they make or reform policies to encourage IDR work.

Nanoscience and technology is characterized by nano researchers as an increasingly interdisciplinary domain, drawing upon such disciplines as chemistry, physics, materials science, and computer, electrical, mechanical and biomedical engineering. A key challenge faced by information professionals involved in organizing and providing the related information services is to efficiently identify information resources and to carry out inclusive and effective searches in a diverse and heterogeneous range of digital libraries, web-based databases and search engines. This demand emphasizes the importance of thinking about and developing methodological models for investigating interdisciplinary knowledge organization practices. This 2008 study examined the extent of interdisciplinarity in user queries submitted to the NANOnetBASE digital library. Transaction logs of the digital library were analyzed to explore usersâ search behaviour patterns and to examine the extent to which user queries were interdisciplinary. The Inspect thesaurus and Classification codes were utilized the disciplinary or interdisciplinary focus of the queries. The results indicate that 62% of the unique top terms resulting from mapping usersâ query terms to the INSPEC Classification codes represented two or more disciplines, specifically terms associated with the Classification code â Aâ representing â physics.â The results contribute to the development of more critical information organization and classification practices in such an increasingly interdisciplinary domain as nanoscience and technology.

In an increasingly complex world where people routinely handle large amounts of information, individuals are constantly challenged to manage and effectively use the information that they are responsible for. While email is the canonical example of an information overloading application, other well known PIM applications and tasks cited in earlier chapters of this book include maintaining addresses and contacts, scheduling, and organizing the various documents and bookmarks that one is interested in. Not surprisingly, there are individual differences (ID) in how, and how well, people cope with the challenge of personal information management. This greatly complicates any scientific analysis of PIM behavior. Thus, in addition to the evaluation methods discussed in the previous chapter, researchers and designers need to consider when and how individual differences should be included within parsimonious interpretations and explanations of PIM behavior. In this chapter we propose an approach where differences between individuals are considered last, after the influences of the environment and the task context have first been considered, and after group difference (e.g., between job classifications) have been investigated. We believe that this is a logical way to proceed, since like observing an ant walking over sand-dunes (cf. Simon, 1996) we should not ascribe complexities to an individual if they can instead be explained as due to properties of the environment. The goal of this chapter will be to review and synthesize some of the key findings in how PIM behavior differs between individuals. Some of the reasons why these differences occur and what can be done about them will also be discussed.

In today's knowledge-based and competitive economy, research and development (R&D) efforts are increasingly geographically distributed across multiple institutions. This chapter explores the management of cognitive and affective trust and distrust within a new type of geographically distributed and multi-institutional R&D organization, called the conceptual organization. Both cognitive and affective trust are important to the conceptual organization because it relies on collaboration among individual members to achieve its goals, and collaboration is not possible without cognitive or affective trust. Data from a 2-year case study of a conceptual organization illuminates how the organization's structure, use of power and information and communications technology (I&CT) shape and are shaped by cognitive and affective trust. Tightly coupled collaboration appears to only emerge in situations where high cognitive and affective trust simultaneously exist, and no collaboration will emerge in situations with high cognitive and affective distrust exist. In comparison, limited collaboration emerges when affective trust and cognitive distrust exist concurrently, and competitive collaboration appears to emerge when cognitive trust and affective distrust exist concurrently. Different mechanisms to manage the collaboration emerged in these situations. These results help inform our understanding of cognitive and affective trust and distrust, and their management in R&D.

A brief explanation of what the free culture movement is and the various factors that led to its fighting to preserve the commons, including corporations and special interests trying to restrict the commons to protect their interests, the development of the open source community, technological developments, such as the Internet and digital copying of media, the development of web 2.0 and its philosophies, current state of copyright law and youth culture.

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Drawing on a wide variety of social science theories, this study investigates the effects of tenure system, university climate for interdisciplinary research (IDR), gender, and industry experience on academic scientists’ engagement in IDR in different disciplines. Using survey and bibliometric data, two dependent variables are generated to measure production aspects of IDR: the self-reported percentage of IDR papers which is from researchers’ own estimate of their IDR papers responding to one survey question, and the calculated percentage of IDR papers which is a combination of two bibliometric indicators of scientists’ borrowing and boundary crossing activities. Results find that our conventional wisdom about the effects of some individual and organizational factors on scientists’ propensity to engage in IDR is outdated, and their effects depend on the disciplinary contexts. These findings suggest science policy makers, funding agencies and university administrators to keep fresh and informed about scientists’ research activities and underlying context and take full into account of distinct characteristics of different disciplines when they make or reform policies to encourage IDR work.