Thesis (D. Min.)--Western Seminary, Portland, OR, 2006. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-207).

Univ., Diss.--Hannover, 2000.

Project/Thesis (D. Min.)--Abilene Christian University, 1999. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-84).

Thesis (D. Ed. Min.)--New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, 2003. / Includes abstract and vita. "December 2003." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-156).

Thesis (D. Ed. Min.)--New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, 2003. / Includes abstract and vita. "December 2003." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-156).

Thesis (D. Ed. Min.)--New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, 2003. / Includes abstract and vita. "December 2003." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-156).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Western Seminary, Portland, OR, 2006. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-207).

Resumo: Considerando a importância da compreensão da dinâmica espaço temporal dos componentes do balanço de energia (BE) em escala regional para o gerenciamento de recursos hídrico e o manejo agrícola, o objetivo principal desta tese foi construir e analisar uma série temporal dos componentes do BE adequada às condições de clima subtropical úmido do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, inicialmente foi avaliada a adequação de modelos de estimativa de BE para o Estado. Nesta etapa foram utilizados produtos MODIS e dados de referência medidos em uma torre micrometeorológica instalada em Cruz Alta – RS, usando valores instantâneos para um período de estudo de 2009 a 2011. Na sequência foi avaliada a adequação dos modelos em representar a variabilidade espacial dos componentes do BE. Nesta etapa foram usados produtos MODIS, dados de reanálise ERA Interim, dados de referência da torre micrometeorológica e dados de estações meteorológicas do INMET, para o mesmo período de estudo. Na última etapa do trabalho foi construída a série temporal dos componentes do BE usando o modelo METRIC, a qual abrangeu um período de 14 anos, de 2002 a 2016. Os resultados demonstraram que os três modelos analisados apresentam coerência com as medidas de referência, sendo as maiores limitações apresentadas pelo modelo SEBAL, as quais se atribui principalmente às condições ecoclimáticas do Estado e a baixa resolução espacial das imagens. Na análise da variabilidade espacial, o modelo METRIC apresentou maior consistência nos resultados e proporcionou maior número de dias com resultados válidos, sendo assim apontado como o mais apto para realização do restante do estudo. A série temporal construída possibilitou a compreensão dos padrões de distribuição espaço temporal dos componentes do BE no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Há uma marcada sazonalidade nos componentes do BE, com maiores valores no verão e menores no inverno. G (fluxo de calor no solo) é o componente de menor magnitude e sua distribuição espacial e temporal é determinada pela distribuição de Rn (saldo de radiação). Já os componentes LE (fluxo de calor latente) e H (fluxo de calor sensível), são os que mostram magnitude maior e apresentam padrões de distribuição espacial e temporal coerentes com as condições climáticas e com os tipos de uso e cobertura na área de estudo. Observase um padrão inverso, com um gradiente de LE no sentido noroeste para sudeste e para o componente H, no sentido sudeste para noroeste. Sendo estas informações de grande importância para gerenciamento de recursos hídricos em escala regional, para estudos de zoneamento agrícola. / Abstract: Given the importance of understanding the temporal and spatial dynamics of of the energy balance (EB) components in a regional scale for the management of water resources and agricultural, the main objective of this thesis was to construct and analyze a time series of the components of BE appropriate to the subtropical humid climate conditions of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. In order to reach the objective initially, the adequacy of the models for the humid climate conditions was evaluated, in this step we used MODIS data and reference data measured in a micrometeorological tower installed in Cruz Alta - RS. The analyzes performed with instantaneous values and the study period was from 2009 to 2011. The next step evaluate the spatial variability of the BE components, the data used were the MODIS products, ERA Interim reanalysis data, reference data of the micrometeorological tower and INMET meteorological stations, for the same study period. In the last stage the time series of the BE components was constructed from the METRIC model. The period series was 14 years from 2002 to 2016.The results showed that the three models analyzed were consistent with the reference measurements, with the greatest limitations presented by the SEBAL model, which are mainly attributed to the state's eco-climatic conditions and the low spatial resolution of the images In the analysis of the spatial variability, the METRIC model presented greater consistency in the results and provided greater number of days with valid results, this model thus indicated as the most suitable for the rest of the study. The time series constructed allowed us to understand the temporal distribution patterns of BE components in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. There is a marked seasonality in the BE components, with higher values in summer and lower in winter. G is the smallest magnitude component and its spatial and temporal distribution is determined by the Rn distribution. On the other hand, the LE and H components are those that show higher magnitude and present spatial and temporal distribution patterns consistent with the climatic conditions and the types of use and coverage in the study area. An inverse pattern is observed, with a LE gradient from north-west to south-east and for H-component, from southeast to northwest.

To determine the effects of thermal accelerated aging on flexural strength and flexural modulus of conventional and CAD/CAM provisional crown and bridge restorative materials. Six provisional crown and bridge materials were selected for this study. Three conventional resins: Jet Set 4 (Lang), Luxatemp (DMG), and Protemp Plus (3M ESPE); and three CAD/CAM materials: ArtBloc Temp (Merz), Telio CAD-Temp (Ivoclar Vivadent), and Vita CAD-Temp (Vita). Specimens of conventional materials were fabricated using a custom-made aluminum mold 25 2 2 mm. CAD/CAM blocks were sectioned to the same dimensions. A total of 180 bar-shaped specimens were obtained (30 of each material) and were divided into three groups per treatment. Groups 1 and 2 were immersed in 37°C water for 24 hours, and 6 days, respectively. Group 3 was subjected to 5,000 thermal cycles between 5°C and 55°C in water with 35 seconds dwelling time. All specimens where tested for flexural properties using three-point bending protocol on an Instron 5566A at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test with material type and aging conditions as the main variables. Significance level was set at (p<0.05).  Overall CAD/CAM materials demonstrated significantly higher flexural strength and flexural modulus over conventional resins. No significant difference in flexural strength and flexural modulus was found among three treatments except for: Luxatemp, which showed significant increased flexural strength and flexural modulus after thermal cycling, and Protemp Plus which showed increased flexural strength after 6 days of water storage.

During an arbitration, a party may need to request the arbitral tribunal to order interim measures to secure a meaningful award. However, the parties may face issues relating to enforceability and hence the effectiveness of the arbitral tribunal’s interim decision. If the arbitral tribunal is seated in Sweden, under the current Swedish Arbitration Act (SAA), a decision on interim measures is not enforceable in the form of an order. This raises the issue whether such a decision could be made enforceable if issued in the form of an arbitral award. The SAA is currently undergoing a revision with the aim to increase the attractiveness of Swedish arbitration, for both Swedish and foreign parties. The Government Commission (Commission) proposed in its report in 2015 that an express legislative provision be introduced specifically empowering an arbitral tribunal to order an interim measure in the form of an order or an award. This would be consistent with relevant Arbitral Rules. A decision in form of an award would potentially be enforceable. The Government decided not to follow the Commission’s proposal in the proposed legislation referred to the Law Council on Legislation. The Commission implied that interim measures may be enforceable in Sweden, if made in the form of an award. Through the use of a legal dogmatic and legal analytical method this thesis concludes that there is an uncertainty as to whether interim measures, in the form of an award, can be enforced in Sweden. Parties can probably give the arbitral tribunal such authority to grant interim measures that are final and binding in character, if this is provided for in their arbitration agreement. For example, parties could vest the arbitral tribunal with such power by referring to arbitration rules that provide for such interim relief, as is provided in SCC and ICC Arbitral Rules. It is also concluded that the enforceability depends on whether the award was rendered by a tribunal sitting in/outside of Sweden. The Swedish Supreme Court has stated that “award” within the meaning of the New York Convention (NYC) should, as a rule, be construed according to the law of the seat of the arbitration. This may allow for enforcement of interim measures in the form of an award. However, due to the general, but not conclusive, view that the NYC does not apply to interim measures, no certain conclusions can be made. Furthermore, it is argued, because of this ambiguity, that Sweden fails to offer parties and arbitrators a modern and effective arbitral regime, which may hamper Sweden’s ambitions in attracting foreign parties to arbitrate in Sweden. Therefore, Sweden should introduce a possibility for the arbitral tribunal to grant enforceable interim measures.