Zugl. leicht überarb. Fassung von: Frankfurt (Main), Univ., Diss., 2009

Since 2007, the number of street food vendors in Austin, Texas has more than doubled. Food trucks in the urban environment have three fundamental roles. They are entrepreneurial start-ups, interim and mobile land uses, and cultural expressions. In these roles, street food vending particularly impacts urban neighborhoods undergoing change. By occupying underutilized lots, activating streetscapes, promoting commercial activity and disseminating culture, mobile food vendors represent an innovative and low cost revitalization tool. In an effort to “catch-up” with the rapidly growing phenomenon, the City of Austin has had know choice but to implement policy and regulation reactively. By conducting in depth interviews and context analysis, this research attempts to answer the question: how might cities proactively leverage the beneficial impacts of mobile food vendors? The thesis culminates in a conceptual demonstration project for Birmingham, Alabama; a city on the cusp of a street food explosion. / text

The present event talks about some relevant aspects in arbitration on public procurement matter, such as additional the non-arbitrability of additional provisions, the use of interim measures against administrative penalties and corruption of arbitration on public procurement matter. The discussion is done in the frame of the new Public Procurement Law. / El presente evento gira entorno a algunos aspectos relevantes respecto al arbitraje en contratación pública, tales como la no arbitrabilidad de adicionales de obra, la presentación de una medida cautelar ante una sanción administrativa y la corrupción en arbitraje en contrataciones del Estado. La discusión se enmarca, además, en el panorama de la nueva Ley de Contrataciones del Estado.

Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-27T15:03:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DANILO ERICKSEN COSTA CABRAL – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMET) 2018.pdf: 3103151 bytes, checksum: 21c39f5e775ca2cffae4904318258171 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T15:03:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANILO ERICKSEN COSTA CABRAL – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMET) 2018.pdf: 3103151 bytes, checksum: 21c39f5e775ca2cffae4904318258171 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-22 / Analisou-se neste estudo a tendência anual e a média global da Água Precipitável (AP) no período de 1986 a 2016. Foram utilizados dados extraídos das reanálises do ERAInterim/ European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). A partir destes dados avaliou-se a distribuição espacial da tendência de Água Precipitável. Para a análise da tendência climática aplicou-se testes estatísticos de Mann-Kendall e t de Student observandose o comportamento das séries globais. Para a variável AP, foi encontrado o valor médio de 24,4mm para todo o período, correspondendo a um volume estimado para toda a atmosfera. Os resultados apontam tendências significativas de 0,0246; 0,0121 e 0,0203 mm/ano para o HN; HS e todo o Globo, respectivamente. Foi observada uma tendência positiva para algumas áreas do globo bem como outras negativas, resultando em uma distribuição não homogênea, denotando-se uma provável tendência de aumento do vapor d’água no globo. / In this study was analyzed the annual trend and the global mean of Precipitation Water (WP) from 1986 to 2016. Data extracted from the ERA-Interim / European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis were used. From these data was evaluated the Precipitation Water tendency spatial distribution. For the analysis of the climatic trend, Mann-Kendall and t-Student statistical tests were applied, observing the behavior of the global series. For the WP variable was found the average value of 24.4 mm for the whole period, corresponding to estimated volume for the whole atmosphere. The results indicate significant trends of 0.0246, 0.0121 and 0.0203 mm /year for HN; HS and the whole Globe, respectively. A positive trend was observed for some areas of globe as well as negative values, resulting the not homogeneous distribution, denoting a probable tendency to increase water vapor in the globe.

Le développement majeur de la thèse a été consacré au problème d’optimisation du choix de dose dans les essais de recherche de dose, en phase II. Nous avons considéré ce problème sous l’angle des fonctions d’utilité. Nous avons alloué une valeur d’utilité aux doses, le problème pour le sponsor étant de trouver la meilleure dose, c’est-à-dire celle dont l’utilité est la plus élevée.Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes limités à une seule fonction d’utilité, intégrant deux composantes: une composante liée à l’efficacité (la POS=puissance d’un essai de phase III de 1000 patients de cette dose contre placebo) et une autre liée à la safety. Pour cette dernière, nous avons choisi de la caractériser par la probabilité prédictive d’observer un taux de toxicité inférieur ou égal à un certain seuil (que nous avons fixé à 0.15) en phase III (toujours pour un essai de 1000 patients au total). Cette approche a l’avantage d’être similaire aux concepts utilisés dans les essais de phase I en oncologie qui ont notamment pour objectif la recherche de la dose liée à une toxicité limite (notion de ”Dose limiting Toxicity”).Nous avons retenu une approche bayésienne pour l’analyse des données de la phase II.Mis à part les avantages théoriques connus de l’approche bayésienne par rapport à l’approche fréquentiste (respect du principe de vraisemblance, dépendance moins grande aux résultats asymptotiques, robustesse), nous avons choisi l’approche bayésienne pour plusieurs raisons:• Combinant, par définition même de l’approche bayésienne, une information a priori avec les données disponibles, elle offre un cadre plus flexible la prise de décision du sponsor: lui permettant notamment d’intégrer de manière plus ou moins explicite les informations dont il dispose en dehors de l’essai de la phase II.• L’approche bayésienne autorise une plus grande flexibilité dans la formalisation des règles de décision.Nous avons étudié les propriétés des règles de décisions par simulation d’essais de phase II de différentes tailles: 250, 500 et 1000 patients. Pour ces deux derniers design nous avons aussi évalué l’intérêt de d’effectuer une analyse intermédiaire lorsque la moitié des patients a été enrôlée (c’est-à-dire avec respectivement les premiers 250 et 500 patients inclus). Le but était alors d’évaluer si, pour les essais de phase II de plus grande taille, s’autoriser la possibilité de choisir la dose au milieu de l’étude et de poursuivre l’étude jusqu’au bout si l’analyse intermédiaire n’est pas concluante permettait de réduire la taille de l’essai de phase II tout en préservant la pertinence du choix de dose final. / The main development of the thesis was devoted to the problem of dose choice optimization in dose-finding trials, in phase II. We have considered this problem from the perspective of utility functions. We have allocated a utility value to the doses itself, knowing that the sponsor’s problem was now to find the best dose, that is to say, the one having the highest utility. We have limited ourselves to a single utility function, integrating two components: an efficacy-related component (the PoS = the power of a phase III trial - with 1000 patients - of this dose versus placebo) and a safety-related component. For the latter, we chose to characterize it by the predictive probability of observing a toxicity rate lower or equal to a given threshold (that we set to 0.15) in phase III (still for a trial of 1000 patients in total). This approach has the advantage of being similar to the concepts used in phase I trials in Oncology, which particularly aim to find the dose related to a limiting toxicity (notion of "Dose limiting Toxicity").We have adopted a Bayesian approach for the analysis of phase II data. Apart from the known theoretical advantages of the Bayesian approach compared with the frequentist approach (respect of the likelihood principle, less dependency on asymptotic results, robustness), we chose this approach for several reasons:• It provides a more flexible framework for the decision-making of the sponsor because it offers the possibility to combine (by definition of the Bayesian approach) a priori information with the available data: in particular, it offers the possibility to integrate, more or less explicitly, the information available outside the phase II trial.• The Bayesian approach allows greater flexibility in the formalization of the decision rules.We studied the properties of decision rules by simulating phase II trials of different sizes: 250, 500 and 1000 patients. For the last two designs (500 and 1000 patients in phase II), we have also evaluated the interest of performing an interim analysis when half of the patients are enrolled (i.e. with the first 250and the first 500 patients included respectively). The purpose was then to evaluate whether or not, for larger phase II trials, allowing the possibility of choosing the dose in the middle of the study and continuing the study to the end if the interim analysis is not conclusive, could reduce the size of the phase II trial while preserving the relevance of the final dose choice.

After years of intense negotiations between member states of the East African Community (EAC) and the European Union, an interim Economic Partnership Agreement was finally initialled on the 27 November 2007. This interim agreement is intended to be an instrument for development by furthering poverty reduction, sustainable development, regional integration and integration of EAC countries into the world economy. However provisions contained in the interim agreement have raised legitimate concerns as to their ability to address these development issues. The African ministers of trade identified nine contentious provisions which are regarded as both legally and developmentally problematic. One of these issues is the most favoured nation (MFN) clause under which parties are required to extend to each other any better or more favourable treatment granted to other countries, which are either developed countries or major trading economies. The urgency behind the negotiation of Economic partnership agreements between the EU and the African Caribbean and Pacific Countries (within which category fall the EAC member states) was the requirement for a WTO compliant legal regime to govern the relationship between both parties. Previous trade regimes were challenged by other WTO members for being discriminatory. However provisions in the interim agreement such as the contentious MFN clause are more than what is required for WTO compatible regional trade agreements. The inclusion of the MFN clause poses major challenges to the trade and development needs of the EAC countries especially the least developed among them. This dissertation will attempt to critically analyze the potential implications of the MFN clause to the East African countries particularly Uganda as one of the least developed member states in the region. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

The purpose of the study is to analyze the caretaker governments in the Czechoslovak and Czech political system. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first chapter focuses on the theory, and creation of a definition and typology of caretaker governments. The second part of the paper is dedicated to the research of Czechoslovak caretaker governments at the time of the so-called First republic (in years 1918-1926). The goal of the third chapter is to examine two Czechoslovak federal governments (1989-1992). The purpose of the last part of the thesis is to analyze two caretaker governments in the Czech republic (1993-2010). The aim of the research is to identify particular caretaker government in the context and contribute to deeper knowledge rather than generalize the findings. Author seeks to answer the question whether the caretaker governments represent negative feature of the Czech and Czechoslovak political system.

En el contexto de las disputas de construcción bajo la Cláusula 20° de los modelos contractuales FIDIC, este artículo analiza una situación muy particular de conflicto entre las funciones de un dispute board y las atribuciones de un árbitro de emergencia y sus implicancias en el contrato.

Under the guidelines of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), all students with disabilities must be provided a Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). This includes students who violate the law in regards to possession of a weapon or drugs, or students whose behaviors pose a threat to themselves or to others. Therefore, each school district must develop an Interim Alternative Educational Setting (IAES) where students can continue to receive a FAPE, where the goals and objectives of their Individual Educational Program (IEP) can be met, where they can continue to progress in the general curriculum and where their behavior can be addressed through assessment and positive behavioral interventions. The purpose of this study was to understand how the experience of placement in an IAES affected students’ behaviors and attitudes. The study examined the effectiveness of the research-based interventions used in the IAES from the perspectives of students, parents and staff and how the various interventions related to the characteristics of the program. Data were collected from students, parents and staff at the IAES through a series of semistructured interviews designed and conducted by the researcher. The findings from this study have a number of implications for improving the programs designed for students attending the IAES and for the operation of the program. Recommendations included providing opportunities for parents to gain educational experience and seeking out and involving more community organizations, agencies and citizens in order to develop a more functional and meaningful curriculum. Finally, it was recommended that the district reconsider the status and role of the district’s IAES in board policy. By restructuring Bayfront Preparatory School (BPS) as an accredited alternative high school, the school could receive funds from district, state and federal sources, which would allow the development of a comprehensive academic, vocational and counseling program. This would increase the opportunities for all students attending BPS to complete their high school programs and successfully transition to post-secondary education, training, or work.

No description available.