The dissertation consists of an analysis of the Constitutional Court decision S v Mhlungu 1995(7) BCLR 793 CC. The analysis focuses on the significance of the different interpretative approaches adopted by the members of the Court in analysing section 241(8) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Afii.ca Act 200 of 1993. The theoretical approaches to constitutional interpretation are first briefly discussed. This is followed by a description of the four respective judgments in the decision. The case is then analysed in respect of section 3 5, Chapter 3 and the Constitution itself in order to determine the significance. The jurisprudence of the Court (developed in its first eight decisions) is evaluated to assess the approach of the Constitutional Court to Chapter 3 and the remainder of the Constitution respectively. The conclusion is reached that the Court has endorsed a generous/purposive approach to constitutional interpretation and that this extends to the entire text of the Constitution. / Law / LL.M.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This thesis investigates the simulation performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems utilizing Alamoutibased space-time block coding (STBC) technique. The MIMO communication systems using STBC technique employing both single- carrier modulation and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are simulated in Matlab. The physical layer part of the IEEE 802.16a standard is used in constructing the simulated OFDM schemes. Stanford University Interim (SUI) channel models are selected for the wireless channel in the simulation process. The performance results of the simulated MIMO systems are compared to those of conventional single antenna systems. / Lieutenant Junior Grade, Turkish Navy

In the 20th century, Arbitration became one the most widely utilized form of dispute resolution in the field of international commerce. The use of Arbitration provides parties with more flexibility. This thesis examines one of the current trends in international arbitration - interim measures. Their purpose is to be able to react in situations when the proceedings are already pending or even before they actually commenced. They should significantly reduce the risk that the arbitral award may be frustrated or unenforceable. In these situations, it may be justifiable to interfere with parties' relationships. The thesis is focused particularly on the jurisdiction of an arbitral tribunal to issue interim measures and on the role of national courts in this field. In the terms of competence of arbitral tribunals, the legal basis of their jurisdiction and conditions necessary to issue interim measures are highlighted. In the case of the role of national courts, the thesis examines their ancillary function (interim measures issued by national courts) as well as their supervisory function (review of the interim measures issued by arbitral tribunals). The most important aspect is then the enforcement of interim measures. The very latest trend - emergency arbitrator proceedings - is not excluded. The thesis...

Cette étude consiste à démontrer que les procédures administratives d’urgence ont entraîné une modification de la conception du rôle du juge administratif : d’une part, par rapport aux libertés fondamentales dont le juge administratif a dû déterminer et encadrer la notion ; d’autre part, par rapport à l’autorité administrative vis-à-vis de laquelle le juge administratif a retiré un pouvoir accru qui lui donne la vigueur d’un juge administrateur. Cette étude est présenté en deux parties on s’attacher, dans une première partie, à montrer comment les procédures d’urgence, mises à sa disposition par la loi du 30 juin 2000, permettent au juge administratif de faire cesser les atteintes aux libertés fondamentales. Dans une deuxième partie, on tentera de mettre en lumière l’évolution du rôle du juge administratif dans ses relations avec l’administration. Les procédures d’urgence ont conduit à l’élargissement de ses pouvoirs, ce qui a entraîné un renforcement de l’autorité du juge administratif par rapport l’administration. / This study is aims to demonstrate that the administrative procedures of urgency has led to a redefinition of the role of administrative judge: first, in relation to the fundamental libertie whose the administrative judge had a duty to determine this concept. Secondly, in relation to administrative authority vis-à-vis which the administrative judge withdrew an increased power that gives it the force of a administration judge. This study is presented in two parts: in the first part, we show how the urgency procedures provided by the law N° 2000-597 of 30 June 2000, allows the administrative judge to stop violations of fundamental liberties. In The second part we attempt to highlight the changing role of the administrative judge in its relations with the administration. The urgency procedures have led to the expansion of its powers, which led to a strengthening of the authority of the administrative judge against the administration

O presente trabalho consiste num estudo analítico sobre a prescrição tributária com a finalidade de, didaticamente, buscar identificar um subsistema jurídico próprio, dotado de normas e valores próprios, que permita o estudo destacado do tema dentro do sistema do direito positivo, a partir de uma análise lógico-sintática da expressão prescrição tal qual referido na alínea b do inciso III do art. 146 da Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/88)2, que outorga competência ao legislador complementar para fixar normas gerais sobre a prescrição tributária, para construir uma significação possível para tal expressão, identificando sua acepção de base3, não se admitindo que se diga que o seu conteúdo seja vazio, a fim de que se possa identificar o regime jurídico aplicável à prescrição tributária, com a completa compreensão dos limites da competência do legislador complementar e ordinário nesse âmbito, de modo que se possa perceber a existência de uma tríplice4 perspectiva pragmática do uso dessa expressão no discurso do direito positivo, no qual por vezes é tomado como norma prescricional, ou como fato prescricional (hipotético), ou ainda como relação jurídica prescricional, o que já foi anteriormente investigado por outros autores, mas não sob o rótulo aqui sugerido, apesar de pouco explorada, daí porque merecendo melhor atenção, compreensão e aplicação na solução de casos da pragmática jurídica, para, ao final, identificar os eventuais acertos e/ou vacilos da jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) e do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) no julgamento dos casos e problemas aqui apresentados. / The present paper consists of an analytical study on tax statute of limitations with the aim of identifying, didactically, a special legal subsystem, endowed with its own normative values and rules, allowing the aforementioned study within the system of positive law, from a logical syntactic analysis of the phrase Statute of Limitations pursuant to as mentioned in Article 146, III, b, of the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution5, which grants to the supplementary law competence concerning establishing general rules with regard to the tax limitation, to constitute a possible meaning to such a phrase, identifying its basic acceptation6, not considering to say that its content is hollow, in order to identify the legal regime applicable to tax limitation, with the comprehensive understanding of the supplementary and ordinary laws competence limits herein, in order to realize the existence of a triple7 pragmatic perspective of using such phrase in the utterance of the positive law, in which is sometimes taken as statute of limitations, or statute of limitations fact (hypothetical), or even as Legal Relationship of Limitations, which has previously been investigated by other authors, but not under the approach suggested hereto, though little investigated, hence why deserves better attention, understanding and application in solving cases of Legal pragmatism, to, in the end, identify any adjustments and/or wanderings of the jurisprudence of the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) and the Federal Supreme Court (STF) in judging cases and claims presented herein.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Lamonica Bovino.pdf: 1475782 bytes, checksum: cb43960199a251d7a0b457dba14fb964 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / This thesis main objective, already under the Law 13.105/2015, is to propose pure preventive inhibitory or mandatory protection on threat of the illegal act and of abuse of rights. We seek to frame the intention of committing an abuse of rights as the foundation of inhibitory or mandatory individual judicial protection. The challenges are based on the framework of the illegal act despite the actual existence of damage, through the evidence of the intention of the exercise clearly beyond the limits imposed by economic or social order for the good faith or the good morals that the rule imposes, ending the race the probability of the right and the danger of harm or risk to the fruitful result of the process, as the basis of the request for early or injunctive interim injunction. The new Code of Civil Procedure (NCPC) which will come into force on March 16, 2016 (Law 13105 of March 16, 2015), deals with court injunctions guardianships the sole paragraph of Article 497, stating that the action that has the engaged in providing do or not do, the judge if the relief sought, grant specific protection to deter, prevent the repetition or even seeking the removal of illegal (not to be confused with prevention) regardless of the demonstration of the occurrence of damage or of fault or willful misconduct. As it turns out , the legislator has standardized , albeit not fully fit in our view, the three (3) categories of inhibitory: a) preventive inhibitory (also known as pure inhibitory protection); b) inhibitory protection to stop the repetition e c) inhibitory protection to stop the continuation of the illegal act. We feels the convenience of adoption of preventive inhibitory or mandatory protection as an autonomous differentiated judicial protection, not just one of the possible inhibitory effect of the sentence currently treated in Chapter XIII of Title I of Book I of the New Civil Procedure Code (NCPC). We suggest the adoption of inhibitory technique as an autonomous differentiated judicial protection, proposing legislative changes to the NCPC which will come into force on March 16, 2016 / A tese tem por objeto central, desenvolvido sob a perspectiva da Lei 13.105/2015, tratar da tutela judicial inibitória do ato ilícito e também diante da ameaça de abuso de direito. Buscamos enquadrar a intenção de praticar um abuso de direito como fundamento da tutela individual judicial inibitória. Os desafios partem do enquadramento do ato ilícito à despeito da existência efetiva de dano, passando pela prova da intenção do exercício manifestamente fora dos limites impostos pelo fim econômico ou social, pela boa-fé ou pelos bons costumes que a norma impõe, encerrando na prova da probabilidade do direito e o perigo de dano ou o risco ao resultado útil do processo, enquanto fundamento do pedido de tutela provisória antecipada ou cautelar. O novo código de processo civil (NCPC) que entrará em vigor no dia 16 de março de 2016 (Lei 13.105 de 16 de março de 2015), trata das tutelas inibitórias judiciais no parágrafo único do art. 497, dispondo que na ação que tenha por objeto a prestação de fazer ou de não fazer, o juiz, se procedente o pedido, concederá a tutela específica destinada a inibir, impedir a reiteração ou mesmo buscar a remoção do ilícito (esta última que não se confunde com a prevenção), independentemente da demonstração da ocorrência de dano ou da existência de culpa ou dolo. Como se vê, o legislador normatizou, ainda que de forma não plena a nosso ver, as 3 (três) categorias de tutela inibitória: a) tutela preventiva do ato ilícito (também conhecida como tutelar inibitória pura); b) tutela impeditiva da reiteração do ilícito e c) tutela impeditiva da continuação do ato ilícito. Entendemos que a tipicidade das ações inibitórias judiciais, matéria bastante debatida pela doutrina, poderia ter sido melhor explorada do ponto de vista. Inserida no capítulo que trata do cumprimento de sentença, nos parece que o legislador perdeu uma boa oportunidade de tipificar a ação inibitória ao invés de tratar no Capítulo XIII do Título I do Livro I apenas dos possíveis efeitos inibitórios da sentença. Defendemos a conveniência da adoção das ações inibitórias judiciais enquanto tutela jurisdicional diferenciada autônoma, e não apenas um dos possíveis efeitos inibitórios da sentença tratado atualmente no Capítulo XIII do Título I do Livro I do Novo Código de Processo Civil (NCPC). Sugerimos a adoção da técnica inibitória enquanto tutela jurisdicional diferenciada autônoma, propondo alteração legislativa no NCPC que entrará em vigor em 16 de março de 2016

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Thais Martins Sales.pdf: 1293785 bytes, checksum: 6161405c79ed51ec0c3dacacebe67ee1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study was an attempt to investigate possible relations between responding that is reinforced according to schedules based on a temporal parameter and performing other activities to which no reinforcement contingencies are programmed. These activities have been called adjunctive behavior, collateral behavior or interim activities. Two questions guided this study: a) is there any difference in response rate, average time between reinforcers, and percentage of reinforced responses when an FI schedule or a DRL schedule is in force, if the subject can engage in other activities; b) are typical sequential patterns developed between responses when these schedules are in force? Four male food deprived rats were subjects of this experiment. The apparatus was an experimental box with seven chambers in which subjects could perform different activities, such as bar pressing, eating, running, drinking, and wood-chewing. For two subjects, bar pressing was reinforced according to three DRL schedules (DRL 4s, DRL 5s, and DRL 20s). One of the subjects was first kept in the chamber with the bar and food dispenser and then was allowed to access the other chambers, the other was first allowed to access the other chambers and then was kept in the chamber with the bar and food dispenser. For the other two subjects, bar presses were reinforced according to two FI schedules (FI 5s and FI 10s). One of the subjects first had access to all chambers and then was kept in the chamber with the bar and food dispenser, and the other was kept in the chamber with the bar and food dispenser during the whole experiment. Bar presses, reinforcement deliveries, and occupancy of chambers were recorded. Results show there was a difference in response rate, average time between reinforcers, and percentage of reinforced responses in both schedules, depending on the access condition, mainly when responses were reinforced according to schedules higher than FI 5s and DRL 4s. Higher response rates, lower average time between reinforcers and higher percentage of reinforced responses were observed for the DRL subjects when access was possible than when it was not possible, and higher response rates, higher average time between reinforcers and higher percentage of reinforced responses were observed for the FI subjects when access was possible than when it was not possible. No typical sequential patterns were observed when access was possible and either of the two studied schedules was in force. Results are discussed in terms of possible controlling variables to performing activities other than bar pressing when responding is being reinforced according to FI and DRL schedules / O presente trabalho é uma tentativa de investigação de possíveis relações entre o responder reforçado segundo dois esquemas de reforçamento que envolvem parâmetros temporais e o engajamento em atividades para as quais não há reforço programado, chamadas de atividades ínterim, comportamento adjuntivo ou comportamento colateral. Duas perguntas dirigiram a realização deste trabalho: a) há diferença na taxa de respostas, tempo médio entre reforços e porcentagem de respostas reforçadas segundo esquemas DRL e FI, caso haja possibilidade de engajamento em outras atividades? e b) alguma seqüência típica de engajamento em outras atividades é formada no intervalo entre respostas reforçadas segundo estes esquemas? Os sujeitos do experimento foram quatro ratos machos privados de alimento. Foi utilizada uma caixa experimental com sete compartimentos, nos quais era possível o engajamento em diferentes atividades: pressionar a barra, comer, beber, correr, roer madeira. Dois sujeitos tiveram as respostas de pressão à barra reforçadas segundo esquemas DRL com três valores diferentes (4s, 9s e 20s). Um deles passou, primeiro, por uma condição na qual o acesso a todos os compartimentos era permitido, chamada de aberta, e, segundo, por uma condição na qual era mantido no compartimento onde havia a barra e o comedouro, chamada de fechada, e o outro sujeito passou, primeiro, pela condição fechada e, segundo, pela condição aberta. Os outros dois sujeitos tiveram as respostas de pressão à barra reforçadas segundo esquemas FI com dois valores diferentes (5s, 10s). Um sujeito passou primeiro pela condição aberta e, depois, pela condição fechada e o outro passou apenas pela condição fechada. As pressões à barra, os reforços e a permanência nos compartimentos foram registrados. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença na taxa de respostas, tempo médio entre reforços e porcentagem de respostas reforçadas em função da condição de acesso, especialmente quando as respostas de pressão à barra foram reforçadas segundo o esquema DRL 9s e DRL 20s, para os dois primeiros sujeitos, e segundo o FI 10s, para os outros dois sujeitos. Na condição aberta com esquema DRL em vigor, observou-se uma menor taxa de respostas, menor tempo entre reforços e maior porcentagem de respostas reforçadas do que na condição fechada, com o mesmo esquema em vigor. Na aberta com esquema FI em vigor, observou-se uma menor taxa de respostas, maior tempo entre reforços e maior porcentagem de respostas reforçadas do que na condição fechada, com o mesmo esquema em vigor. Seqüências típicas de engajamento em outras atividades não foram observadas quando o acesso era possível e o responder era reforçado segundo os esquemas FI e DRL. Os resultados são discutidos em termos de possíveis variáveis que controlam o engajamento em outras atividades, quando respostas são reforçadas segundo estes dois esquemas

O presente trabalho consiste num estudo analítico sobre a prescrição tributária com a finalidade de, didaticamente, buscar identificar um subsistema jurídico próprio, dotado de normas e valores próprios, que permita o estudo destacado do tema dentro do sistema do direito positivo, a partir de uma análise lógico-sintática da expressão prescrição tal qual referido na alínea b do inciso III do art. 146 da Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/88)2, que outorga competência ao legislador complementar para fixar normas gerais sobre a prescrição tributária, para construir uma significação possível para tal expressão, identificando sua acepção de base3, não se admitindo que se diga que o seu conteúdo seja vazio, a fim de que se possa identificar o regime jurídico aplicável à prescrição tributária, com a completa compreensão dos limites da competência do legislador complementar e ordinário nesse âmbito, de modo que se possa perceber a existência de uma tríplice4 perspectiva pragmática do uso dessa expressão no discurso do direito positivo, no qual por vezes é tomado como norma prescricional, ou como fato prescricional (hipotético), ou ainda como relação jurídica prescricional, o que já foi anteriormente investigado por outros autores, mas não sob o rótulo aqui sugerido, apesar de pouco explorada, daí porque merecendo melhor atenção, compreensão e aplicação na solução de casos da pragmática jurídica, para, ao final, identificar os eventuais acertos e/ou vacilos da jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) e do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) no julgamento dos casos e problemas aqui apresentados. / The present paper consists of an analytical study on tax statute of limitations with the aim of identifying, didactically, a special legal subsystem, endowed with its own normative values and rules, allowing the aforementioned study within the system of positive law, from a logical syntactic analysis of the phrase Statute of Limitations pursuant to as mentioned in Article 146, III, b, of the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution5, which grants to the supplementary law competence concerning establishing general rules with regard to the tax limitation, to constitute a possible meaning to such a phrase, identifying its basic acceptation6, not considering to say that its content is hollow, in order to identify the legal regime applicable to tax limitation, with the comprehensive understanding of the supplementary and ordinary laws competence limits herein, in order to realize the existence of a triple7 pragmatic perspective of using such phrase in the utterance of the positive law, in which is sometimes taken as statute of limitations, or statute of limitations fact (hypothetical), or even as Legal Relationship of Limitations, which has previously been investigated by other authors, but not under the approach suggested hereto, though little investigated, hence why deserves better attention, understanding and application in solving cases of Legal pragmatism, to, in the end, identify any adjustments and/or wanderings of the jurisprudence of the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) and the Federal Supreme Court (STF) in judging cases and claims presented herein.

Gemeinschaftsgärten unterscheiden sich von anderen urbanen Grünflächen dadurch, dass sie gemeinschaftlich und überwiegend unentgeltlich angelegt und gepflegt werden und einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit zur Verfügung stehen. Marit Rosol führt in ihrer stadtgeographischen Dissertation Gemeinschaftsgärten als einen neuen Freiraumtyp ein und analysiert ihn im Kontext aktueller Tendenzen der Freiraumpolitik, der Forschungen zum bürgerschaftlichen Engagement sowie des Wandels von Staat und Planung. Anhand von neun Berliner Fallbeispielen werden Gemeinschaftsgärten umfassend charakterisiert. Motive und Ziele der relevanten AkteurInnen werden ebenso herausgearbeitet wie Potenziale, Schwierigkeiten und Risiken. Schließlich leitet die Autorin praktische Handlungsempfehlungen sowohl für die GartenaktivistInnen als auch für die räumliche Planung ab. Dabei wird auch auf aktuelle Erfahrungen „grüner Zwischennutzungen“ sowie der community gardens in New York, Toronto und Seattle verwiesen. Gemeinschaftsgärten entstehen derzeit – so die These der Arbeit –vor dem Hintergrund eines gesellschaftlichen Wandels, der einerseits Freiräume für BewohnerInnen schafft, andererseits auch die Gefahr einer Abwälzung bislang kommunaler Aufgaben sowie eine ungleiche Versorgung mit öffentlichen Freiräumen befürchten lässt. Mit der Untersuchung der Bedingungen und Grenzen freiwilligen Engagements leistet die Arbeit einen empirischen und theoretischen Beitrag zur Diskussion um Stand und Entwicklung kommunaler Infrastrukturen. / Community gardens differ from other urban green spaces like parks or allotments, because they are managed collectively and mostly voluntarily and are open to a broader public. Marit Rosol introduces community gardens as a new type of urban green spaces in Germany and analyses it in the context of landscape planning politics, research concerning civic engagement and changes of the (local) state and spatial planning. Based on qualitative research, especially in-depth interviews, nine Berlin case study community gardens are described comprehensively. Motivation and aims of the relevant actors as well as potentials, difficulties and risks are shown. Moreover the author gives practical advise both for gardening activists as for urban planners. For this purpose she also draws on experiences with “green” temporary uses as well as with community gardens in New York, Toronto and Seattle. Community gardens are currently coming into being in Berlin - so the thesis of the work - because of changes in society, which open up new opportunities for residents, but also imply the risk of downloading former state responsibilities onto them and unequal provision with open green spaces. With the study on conditions and barriers of voluntary engagement the work makes a theoretical and empirical contribution to the debates of state and development of municipal infrastructures.

Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur marknadseffektiviteten på Stockholmsbörsen har blivit påverkat av finanskrisen 2008, vilket genomförs genom att undersöka om bolag får avvikande avkastning vid publicering av kvartalsrapporter. Teori: Teorikapitlet utgår från den effektiva marknadshypotesen, där dess tre olika komponenter samt anomalier tas upp. Metod: Undersökningen genomförs med hjälp av en event studie och en hypotesprövning för att kontrollera hur effektiviteten på NasdaqOMX har blivit påverkad av finanskrisen. Undersökningen utgår ifrån en period på tre år, 2009-2011, och omfattar aktierna på index OMXS30. En insamling av kursdata från de 29 bolag som ingick i OMXS30 har skett, med hänsyn till datum för publicering av kvartalsrapporter. Detta ger totalt 261 observationer under dessa tre år. Empiri: Hypotesprövningen tillsammans med övrig empiri har visat att det kan finnas ett samband mellan publicering av kvartalsrapporter och bolagens aktiepris. Dock visar empirin att finanskrisens påverkan på effektiviteten har varit mycket liten. Analys: Analys av empirin tyder på att det finns tydliga tecken på att bolagens aktiepris påverkas vid publicering av kvartalsrapporter. Störst påverkan sker däremot publicering av kvartalsrapport ett och två. Analys av empirin visar även att marknaden har återhämtat sig snabbt efter finanskrisen. Slutsats: Undersökningen visar att det finns tecken på en mellanstark form av effektivitet på NasdaqOMX, även om denna inte är helt hundraprocentig. Dock är det svårt att dra en generell slutsats hur mycket 2008 års finanskris har påverkat denna effektivitet eftersom en finanskris har efterlöst en annan. / Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how market efficiency on the Stockholm stock exchange has been affected by the financial crisis of 2008, which is carried out by examining if companies earn abnormal returns when publishing quarterly reports. Theoretical perspectives: The theory chapter is based on the efficient market hypothesis, where its three different components and anomalies are discussed. Methodology: The examination is carried out by an event study and a hypothesis test to control how the efficiency on NasdaqOMX has been affected by the financial crisis. The examination is based on a three year period, 2009-2011, and includes the stocks on the index OMXS30. Stock data has been collected from the 29 companies in the OMXS30, with regard to dates the quarterly reports were published. This gives a total of 261 observations under three years. Empirical outcome: The hypothesis test, together with other empirical results, has shown that there may be a relation between the publishing of quarterly reports and company stock price. However, empirical results show that the financial crisis effect on the market efficiency has been insignificant. Analysis: Analysis of the empirical results show that there are clear signs of change in company stock price when publishing quarterly reports. However, the significant change can be seen during the publishing of quarterly report one and two. Analysis of the empirical results also shows that the market has quickly readjusted after the financial crisis. Conclusion: The study shows that there are signs of semi-strong market efficiency on NasdaqOMX, even if this efficiency is not 100 percent strong. However, it is hard to come to a general conclusion on how much the financial crisis 2008 has affected this efficiency due to the fact that one financial crisis has resolved after another.