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A relação entre a arte e a geografia pode ser estudada segundo o recorte analítico do circuito de arte, auxiliando a compreensão do processo de produção, circulação e consumo das obras de arte. Esse circuito se distribui pelas cidades e países segundo determinadas orientações que podem ser visualizadas a partir dessa abordagem, esclarecendo, entre outros, a relação entre a espacialidade e o reconhecimento das obras de arte. Considerando a peculiaridade da atividade artística, este trabalho procurará realizar uma reflexão sobre o circuito de arte, configurado por diferentes agentes, tais como galerias, casas de leilão e museus. Nesse circuito, nos deteremos nas feiras internacionais de arte, eventos que se fazem importantes por possibilitar a situação de copresença entre seus agentes e a comercialização de obras de arte em escala global. Tendo como referência a SP-Arte, primeira feira internacional de arte organizada na cidade de São Paulo, compreendemos seu surgimento associado a um imperativo de organização do circuito de arte internacional e às condições apresentadas pela metrópole paulista. / The relationship between art and geography may be understood through the analytical analysis of the art circuit, helping the compreheension of the production, distribution and consume of art pieces. Such circuit is distributed through the cities and countries following certain orientations which may be vizualized from that approach, thus clarifying, among others, the relationship between spaciality and the recognition of art works. Considering the peculiarities of the artistic activity, this dissertation aims to produce a discussion about the art circuit, configured by its different agents, such as galleries, auction houses and museums. Moreover, we further analyze the international art fairs, events that are of importance for allowing a co-presence situation amongst the art circuit agents and the commercialization of art works in a global scale. Having as a reference SP-Arte, the first international art fair organized in the city of São Paulo, we understand its emergence as an imperative of the organization of the international art circuit vis-a-vis the required conditions displayed by the metropolis.

Olhares brasileiros judaicos: A presença do judaísmo na arte brasileira contemporânea pretende mostrar vestígios da cultura judaica na arte brasileira contemporânea. Os imigrantes judeus que chegaram ao Brasil no século XX trouxeram consigo, em sua maioria, um pensamento liberal do judaísmo que influenciou a relação com as artes plásticas dentro do judaísmo europeu. O presente trabalho parte da hipótese de que a aproximação do judaísmo e artes plásticas também teve continuidade no Brasil, uma vez que os judeus imigrantes vindos de Europa e as gerações seguintes conseguiram integrar-se com sucesso na sociedade brasileira. A questão central, portanto, é saber em que formas e conteúdos essa influência cultural se articula. É apresentada a primeira geração de artistas judeus no Brasil, que forneceu impulsos importantes para o desenvolvimento da arte moderna, tendo como pano de fundo a evolução cultural e artística do judaísmo e sua compreensão emancipada da proibição bíblica de representação de imagens. Porém, exceto por Lasar Segall, encontram-se marcas judaicas na arte brasileira apenas na segunda metade do século XX. Através da obra de quatro artistas judeus brasileiros escolhidos, cuja análise não pretende ser absolutamente completa e representativa, na parte central desta tese são constatados elementos de cultura judaica na criação artística que se fazem notar tanto sob o aspecto formal e de conteúdo quanto em posições éticas, religiosas dos artistas. Dali resulta uma forma híbrida de cultura ou identidade brasileira e judaica: olhares brasileiros judaicos. Do ponto de vista da metodologia são significativos, além das entrevistas realizadas com os artistas, os tratados científicos sob arte judaica e artistas judeus, que possibilitam uma contextualização global. / Brazilian-Judeo Gazes: The presence of Judaism in contemporary Brazilian art attempts to identify vestiges of Hebrew culture in Brazilian contemporary art. Jewish immigrants to Brazil during the 20th century brought with them, largely, a liberal Jewish thinking which influenced the relationship of the plastic arts in European Judaism. This present work stems from the hypothesis that the approximation of Judaism and the plastic arts had continuity in Brazil, once the Jewish immigrants coming from Europe and subsequent generations were able to successfully integrate themselves into Brazilian society. The central question, therefore, is to know the forms and types of content this cultural influence articulated with. Within, we present the first generation of Jewish artists in Brazil who provided important impulses for the development of modern art, and which served as the underlying fabric for the Jewish cultural and artistry evolution with its emancipated understanding from the biblical prohibition on the representation of images. However, except for Lasar Segall, distinct Jewish hallmarks in Brazilian art make their appearance only at the second half of the 20-century. Through the work of four selected Brazilian-Judeo artists, whose analysis does not intend to be absolutely complete and representative, there is in the central part of this thesis, verifiable Jewish elements in the artistic creation which standout as much for their formal aspects and content as their ethical and religious positions of the artists. From there a hybrid form of the culture resulted or, Brazilian-Judeo identity: olhares brasileiros judaicos (Brazilian-Judeo Gazes). The methodological aspects of this study are significant, in addition to interviews conducted with the artists, there are scientific treatises about Jewish art and Jewish artists that allow for a global contextualization of the subject.

Olhares brasileiros judaicos: A presença do judaísmo na arte brasileira contemporânea pretende mostrar vestígios da cultura judaica na arte brasileira contemporânea. Os imigrantes judeus que chegaram ao Brasil no século XX trouxeram consigo, em sua maioria, um pensamento liberal do judaísmo que influenciou a relação com as artes plásticas dentro do judaísmo europeu. O presente trabalho parte da hipótese de que a aproximação do judaísmo e artes plásticas também teve continuidade no Brasil, uma vez que os judeus imigrantes vindos de Europa e as gerações seguintes conseguiram integrar-se com sucesso na sociedade brasileira. A questão central, portanto, é saber em que formas e conteúdos essa influência cultural se articula. É apresentada a primeira geração de artistas judeus no Brasil, que forneceu impulsos importantes para o desenvolvimento da arte moderna, tendo como pano de fundo a evolução cultural e artística do judaísmo e sua compreensão emancipada da proibição bíblica de representação de imagens. Porém, exceto por Lasar Segall, encontram-se marcas judaicas na arte brasileira apenas na segunda metade do século XX. Através da obra de quatro artistas judeus brasileiros escolhidos, cuja análise não pretende ser absolutamente completa e representativa, na parte central desta tese são constatados elementos de cultura judaica na criação artística que se fazem notar tanto sob o aspecto formal e de conteúdo quanto em posições éticas, religiosas dos artistas. Dali resulta uma forma híbrida de cultura ou identidade brasileira e judaica: olhares brasileiros judaicos. Do ponto de vista da metodologia são significativos, além das entrevistas realizadas com os artistas, os tratados científicos sob arte judaica e artistas judeus, que possibilitam uma contextualização global. / Brazilian-Judeo Gazes: The presence of Judaism in contemporary Brazilian art attempts to identify vestiges of Hebrew culture in Brazilian contemporary art. Jewish immigrants to Brazil during the 20th century brought with them, largely, a liberal Jewish thinking which influenced the relationship of the plastic arts in European Judaism. This present work stems from the hypothesis that the approximation of Judaism and the plastic arts had continuity in Brazil, once the Jewish immigrants coming from Europe and subsequent generations were able to successfully integrate themselves into Brazilian society. The central question, therefore, is to know the forms and types of content this cultural influence articulated with. Within, we present the first generation of Jewish artists in Brazil who provided important impulses for the development of modern art, and which served as the underlying fabric for the Jewish cultural and artistry evolution with its emancipated understanding from the biblical prohibition on the representation of images. However, except for Lasar Segall, distinct Jewish hallmarks in Brazilian art make their appearance only at the second half of the 20-century. Through the work of four selected Brazilian-Judeo artists, whose analysis does not intend to be absolutely complete and representative, there is in the central part of this thesis, verifiable Jewish elements in the artistic creation which standout as much for their formal aspects and content as their ethical and religious positions of the artists. From there a hybrid form of the culture resulted or, Brazilian-Judeo identity: olhares brasileiros judaicos (Brazilian-Judeo Gazes). The methodological aspects of this study are significant, in addition to interviews conducted with the artists, there are scientific treatises about Jewish art and Jewish artists that allow for a global contextualization of the subject.

Contemporary art trade in the Czech Republic has been regarded as a private area accessible only to a few insiders. So far no adequate literature about this field has existed, the marketing strategies used within it were, not only from the outside perspective, quite unclear. This work shows that it is not a secret sphere. On the contrary, it is a part of the market, which has the effect that the more you talk about it openly, the better impact it has on the whole society. The author presents the current situation in this field, its historical context, and openly discusses the long-term marketing strategies of gallerists who work with contemporary artists. On the basis of case studies from abroad she also shows other possible ways how to bring society closer to contemporary art by means of some specific marketing tools.

Miwa Yanagi’s Elevator Girls series, a collection of glossy photographs featuring groups of similarly clad women lingering in expansive, empty arcades, made its international debut in 1996. While the pieces garnered positive reactions, Yanagi found that most Western viewers read her work as predominantly “Oriental”—confirming stereotypes of a highly polished techno-topic Japan that was still negotiating gender equality. In this thesis, I explore alternative ways of reading Yanagi’s Elevator Girls series, which, I argue, call attention to myopic views of commercialism and identity in order to provide an alternative reading of these women as agents of transgression and ideological transcendence. Whereas many viewed Yanagi’s works as a comment on capitalist machinations, where consumerism has produced soulless, vapid feminine identities, I focus on the ways in which these women exercise agency without relying on notions of an individualized, unique ego.

Pourquoi tant d’objets d’art décoratifs de collections européennes se trouvent-ils aujourd’hui dispersés aux quatre coins des Etats-Unis ? A partir de documents d’archives inédits et d’une lecture critique des sources, cette thèse appréhende l’exode du patrimoine européen vers les Etats-Unis du début du vingtième siècle à travers le parcours d’acteurs importants de ce phénomène : les marchands Joel, Henry et Joseph Duveen à la tête de la prestigieuse galerie d’objets d’art et de tableaux, Duveen Frères, établie à Londres et New York dès la fin du dix-neuvième siècle et en 1908 à Paris. Sont d’abord étudiés les stratégies commerciales qui projetèrent les Duveen à la première place du commerce d’objets d’art de l’époque (I). Vient ensuite une analyse précise du commerce d’objets d’art de la firme : celui des porcelaines de Chine, puis des meubles et objets d’art du dix-huitième siècle français et enfin des objets médiévaux et de la Renaissance (II). Finalement, est abordé, l’activité de décorateur de la firme (III). / Why are so many European objets d’art found in collections across the United States today ? This PhD dissertation explores the exodus of decorative arts objects originating from the private collections of Europe’s cultural elite at the beginning of the twentieth century by providing a new interpretation of unpublished archival materials and an in-depth study of the three key figures who contributed to this phenomenon : Joel, Henry, and Joseph Duveen of Duveen Brothers, the prestigious international art firm established in London and New York at the close of the nineteenth century, and in Paris in 1908. Beginning with an examination of the strategies employed by Duveen Brothers to monopolize the American art market and become the preeminent dealers of their time (I), this thesis is followed by a meticulously researched exploration of their dealings in Chinese porcelains, eighteenth-century French decorative arts, and medieval and Renaissance art (II), and concludes with a thorough analysis of the firm’s activities in the area of interior decoration (III).