Amidst a complex and fragmented legal framework governing international waters, OSPAR, aregional environmental agreement, grapples with challenges in its Marine Protected Area(MPA) Governance, leaving marine ecosystems vulnerable. However, after nearly two decadesof negotiations, the "Treaty for Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction" (BBNJ Treaty) hasemerged as a pivotal milestone. Designed to address existing gaps in the legal framework, theBBNJ Treaty aims to safeguard international waters, combat environmental degradation,climate change, and biodiversity loss. This thesis examines the potential influence of the BBNJTreaty on the effectiveness of OSPAR's MPA Governance in areas beyond nationaljurisdiction, assessing whether it successfully addresses the current challenges posed by thecurrent framework. Using qualitative content analysis and Stokke's taxonomy of regimeinterplay, the study analyzes provisions promoting cooperation, knowledge-sharing, and globalprinciples. The study highlights how the BBNJ Treaty could bolster marine conservation effortsin international waters while also addressing its limitations. Conclusively, the effectiveness ofthe Treaty ultimately depends on the willingness of Parties and OSPAR members to cooperateand implement its provisions. Thus, the real impact of the BBNJ Treaty will unfold as eventsprogress.

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With the reliability requirements of automobile microelectronics pushing towards near 0 ppb levels of failure control, halide induced corrosion issues in wire bonded devices have to be tightly controlled to achieve such a high reliability goal. With real-time corrosion monitoring, for the first time we demonstrated that the explosive H2 evolution coupled with the oxygen reduction reaction, occurring at the critical Al/Cu interfaces, is the key driving force for the observed aggressive corrosion. Several types of passivation coating on Cu wire surfaces to effectively block the cathodic H2 evolution were explored with an aim to disrupt this explosive corrosion cycle. The properties of the protective coating were evaluated using various analytical techniques. The surface coating exhibited high thermal stability up to 260 °C (evaluated using TGA analysis). A uniform, highly hydrophobic coating (surface contact angle of >130° with water), was achieved by carefully controlling CVD parameters such as time of deposition, surface control of Cu metal, amount of inhibitor compound loading, temperature of coating process etc. FTIR spectroscopy combined with corrosion screening was used to optimize the CVD passivated coating with strong chemisorption. SEM and EDX, XPS were carried out on various coated surfaces to understand the composition and selectivity of the film formed through this surface treatment. The surface selective nature of this coating (towards Cu) proved helpful in preventing potential delamination issues during epoxy molding process. The corrosion testing was carried out via HAST testing at 130°C, 2 atm pressure and 100% RH for 48 hours. Delamination analysis and continuity test showed that the inhibitor compound was able to effectively prevent the corrosion even after exposure to harsh HAST conditions.

Min studie och mitt syfte riktar sig mot pedagogers användning av barnboken i den dagliga verksamheten på förskolan. Utifrån användandet av barnboken så har jag valt att rikta mitt fokus mot ett genusperspektiv. Mitt syfte är därför att också titta närmare på om/hur pedagoger använder sig av barnboken i sitt genusarbete i förskolan. Mina frågeställningar är: Hur använder pedagoger, enligt dem själva, barnboken i den dagliga verksamheten? Och hur förhåller sig pedagoger till användningen av barnboken som ett pedagogiskt verktyg när det kommer till arbetet kring genus i förskolan? Jag valde att använda mig av metoden intervjuer i min studie för att kunna få pedagogers svar utifrån mina frågor. Jag har gjort en undersökande studie där jag har valt att intervjua två pedagoger från en kommunal förskola och två pedagoger från en fristående förskola. Jag har sammanställt förskolorna och sedan tittat på och jämfört svaren utifrån mina valda teoretiska perspektiv. Det färdiga resultatet visar på att barnboken används dagligen på de bägge förskolorna och att genus är något som pedagogerna alltid är medvetna om. / My study and my purpose is focused on teachers' use of children's literature in the daily activities in preschool. Based on the use of the children's book, I have chosen to aim my focus towards a gender perspective. My purpose is also to look into whether/how teachers use children's literature as a means to problematize gender. My questions are: How, according to themselves, do educators use children's literature during daily activities in preschool? And what are the attitudes of these educators to the use of children's literature as an educational tool when it comes to problematizing gender in preschool? I chose to work with interviews in my study to get teachers answers based on my questions. I have made an investigative study where I have chosen to interview two teachers from a public preschool and two teachers from an independent preschool. I have compiled the preschools and then looked at and compared the answers from my chosen theoretical perspective. The final result shows that children's literature is used daily in both of the preschools and that gender is something that educators always keep at the back of their minds.

Entrepreneurship and start-ups are important factors for economic growth and development. As the surrounding innovation ecosystem is becoming increasingly complex, it gets more difficult for entrepreneurs to find the right path. Incubators are important when it comes to facilitating and supporting new ventures. In this research, we conducted 19 semi-structured interviews of which five were held with public incubators, four with private incubators, nine with incubatees and one with Vinnova (a government authority that plays a huge part within the existence of public incubators) in order to gain an understanding of the interplay of the incubation process and the entrepreneurial process. As for analyzing the collected data we used a thematic analysis with an inductive approach. Throughout the coding process, we extracted the following three main topics: role of an incubator, incubation process and interplay. However, a distinction between public and private incubators was approved as applicable that determines the incubators’ purpose, objectives and operations. Our findings suggest that incubators play an important role in supporting and guiding the start-ups by transferring knowledge and asking the right questions as a fundament for the further entrepreneurial process. Continuous communication and expectation management are shown as crucial throughout the interplay of the two processes. Lastly, the disconnection from the incubatees should be done carefully, e.g. through a non-proactive aftercare.

Bakgrund:  Företagskluster är ett aktuellt fenomen för företags- och regioners utveckling. Familjeföretag är en typ av företag och anses spela en betydande roll för ett kluster och därför undersöks samspelet som ett kluster har gentemot familjeföretag.   Syfte: Att skapa en förståelse för samspelet mellan familjeföretag och kluster.   Metod: För att besvara syftet har studien använt sig av ostrukturerade intervjuer samt en modifikation av en induktiv ansats. Intervjuerna har genomförts med fyra familjeföretag i regionen Lammhult och Gnosjö, samt med VD:n från Värnamo Näringsliv.   Resultat: Det finns ett samspel mellan familjeföretag och kluster. Samspelet är starkare för vissa företag medan det är svagare för andra. Mycket av samspelet beror på om familjeföretaget bedriver en verksamhet som speglar den dominerande branschen som finns i klustret eller inte. Vidare är det de privata relationer och den lokala förankringen som familjeföretagen har i ett kluster som utmärker och bidrar till klustrets välmående och samspelet för samtliga familjeföretag / Background: Clusters is a phenomenon when considering regional and corporate development. Family-owned businesses seems to play a particular role in clusters and therefore the interplay between clusters and family-owned businesses will be examined.   Purpose: To create an understanding for the interplay between family-owned businesses and clusters.   Methodology: To answer the purpose this study was based on unstructured interviews as well as a modified version of an inductive approach. The interviews were completed with four family-owned businesses in the region Lammhult and Gnosjö, as well as with the CEO of Värnamo Näringsliv.   Conclusion: The interplay between family-owned business and cluster does exist. For some businesses, the interplay is stronger than with other. A lot of the interplay depends on if the industry of the family-owned businesses is reflecting the industry of the cluster. Furthermore, the private relations and the local anchoring that the family-owned businesses have in a cluster does contribute to the clusters prosperity and the interplay for all family-owned businesses in the cluster.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LENICE AMELIA DE SA MARTINS.pdf: 636958 bytes, checksum: c941e22d7b4ec8d76b8bebc6ef56eb75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-08 / Universidade do Estado da Bahia / This paper consists of an analysis of the polyphonic interplay embodied in the discourse of clairvoyance . In preparing it, we sought to use as a foundation the propositions set out in Enunciation Theory and Discourse Analysis, which conceive of language as an activity performed by concrete subjects within a particular time and space. The documentary sources that furnished the material for this examination are works representing the product of this dialog between heaven and earth. The corpus taken from such sources is comprised of: four texts relating to the apparitions at Fatima (Portugal); two relating to those at Angüera (Bahia); one about those in Itaperuna (Rio de Janeiro); and the last one concerning the incidents of clairvoyance in Jacareí (São Paulo). With this exercise, we aim especially to demonstrate, in terms of linguistic materiality, the way in which the polyphony is constituted in this interlocution between two disparate spheres: the material and the spiritual. Going deeper into this discursive action, we were able to perceive that it is made up of a vocal intertwining formed by the multiplication of subjects (polyphony strictly speaking, according to Ducrot, 1987) and by external voices originating with Holy Scripture and the Catholic Church (intertextuality). The study further revealed that these discourses are marked by a perceptible identity as regards ideological aspects since all of them, whether produced in Brazilian territory or coming from abroad, reflect the ideology of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church. The unveiling of the intimate link between the voices echoing from these two dissymmetric worlds finds justification in that they make it possible to amplify the study of religious discourse, of which this topic is a part, namely the discourse of clairvoyance. / Este trabalho consiste numa análise do jogo polifônico instalado no discurso da vidência . Para tal realização, procuramos alicerçar-nos nas propostas propugnadas pela Teoria da Enunciação e da Análise do Discurso que concebem a linguagem como atividade executada por sujeitos concretos inseridos em determinado tempo e espaço. As fontes documentais que forneceram o material para este exame são obras carreiantes do produto deste diálogo entre céu e terra. O corpus extraído de tais fontes compõe-se de quatro textos relativos às aparições de Fátima (Portugal); dois referentes às de Angüera (Bahia); um alusivo às de Itaperuna (Rio de Janeiro), e um último que faz menção às vidências de Jacareí (São Paulo). Com este exercício, objetivamos, especialmente, mostrar, na materialidade lingüística, o modo como é constituída a polifonia instaurada nessa interlocução entre protagonistas de duas esferas diferentes: material e espiritual. Mergulhando nesta ação discursiva, foi-nos possível perceber que ela é constituída de um entrelaçamento vocal formado pela multiplicação de sujeitos (polifonia stricto sensu , de acordo com Ducrot, 1987) e por vozes externas oriundas da Sagrada Escritura e da Igreja Católica (intertextualidade). O estudo revelou ainda que esses discursos apresentam uma perceptível identidade no tocante ao aspecto ideológico, pois todos eles, os produzidos em território brasileiro e aqueles de além mar refletem a ideologia da Igreja Católica, Apostólica Romana. O desvendar do imbricamento das vozes ecoadas desses dois mundos dissimétricos encontra sua justificativa na possibilização de ampliamento do estudo do discurso religioso em cuja abrangência se insere o aqui contemplado, ou seja, o discurso da vidência

<p>this paper is a study on children's social interactions in role-play. The aim is to try to highlight how children with other develop social skills and how to further motivate children tosee, understand and manage their reality in role-play by highlighting the characteristics of afunctioning role-play. I would also highlight the importance of pedagogue´s role in relation tochildren's social skills in role-play. The purpose flows into these issues, what distinguishes afunctioning role-play? Can the children in role-play influence their thinking to developunderstanding of others and the environment and if so, how? What significance does pedagogue´s role in children's role-play? I used out of a qualitative methodology to carry out this investigation. I chose to gather information for my study using a passive monitoring method, which i wrote down in detail the children's verbal and physical communication of the role-play, and even pedagogens relation to children's role-play. The results show that children in role-play are playing with others and use play signals and playrules in order to develop therole-play and social skills. This means that the language of both the physical and the verbalplay an essential role for the understanding of these elements. Playsignals is an understandingof what is real and not, by using movement, gestures and facial expressions, but it is noteveryone who understands the signals. To develop a successful game also requires thatchildren in role-play relate to playrules. These are reciprocity, consensus and take turns. There are other factors that affect social skills and characteristics of a functioning role-play. Examples of these are creativity and imagination. The result also shows how the teacher influences on children's role-play in different ways when they integrates in role-play, and also play materila in preschool affects children's play.</p>

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this paper is a study on children's social interactions in role-play. The aim is to try to highlight how children with other develop social skills and how to further motivate children tosee, understand and manage their reality in role-play by highlighting the characteristics of afunctioning role-play. I would also highlight the importance of pedagogue´s role in relation tochildren's social skills in role-play. The purpose flows into these issues, what distinguishes afunctioning role-play? Can the children in role-play influence their thinking to developunderstanding of others and the environment and if so, how? What significance does pedagogue´s role in children's role-play? I used out of a qualitative methodology to carry out this investigation. I chose to gather information for my study using a passive monitoring method, which i wrote down in detail the children's verbal and physical communication of the role-play, and even pedagogens relation to children's role-play. The results show that children in role-play are playing with others and use play signals and playrules in order to develop therole-play and social skills. This means that the language of both the physical and the verbalplay an essential role for the understanding of these elements. Playsignals is an understandingof what is real and not, by using movement, gestures and facial expressions, but it is noteveryone who understands the signals. To develop a successful game also requires thatchildren in role-play relate to playrules. These are reciprocity, consensus and take turns. There are other factors that affect social skills and characteristics of a functioning role-play. Examples of these are creativity and imagination. The result also shows how the teacher influences on children's role-play in different ways when they integrates in role-play, and also play materila in preschool affects children's play.