La présente thèse étudie l'interaction entre structure et agence dans le contexte d'une institutionnalisation sur plusieurs niveaux. Les institutions interagissent de manière complexe sur le terrain et aux niveaux national et transnational. Cette dynamique complexe conditionne tant les interprétations et les convictions générées par les acteurs que leur mobilisation du sens pour mettre en pratique interprétations et convictions en pratique dans le cas d'exigences multiples. Les deux études empiriques l'étudient de manière détaillée.La première porte sur le rôle joué par les institutions nationales dans la réglementation transnationale des fonds souverains ; la seconde, sur le rôle des acteurs et des institutions dans l'évolution des cadres d'interprétation appliqués aux investissements socialement responsables. Ces deux études se basent sur des méthodes de recherche qualitative qui s'appuient sur différentes sources de données, dont l'observation de participants, des entretiens plus de nombreuses sources documentaires et sources secondaires. Ces études ont donné lieu à trois articles de recherche, deux empiriques et un conceptuel. Les deux articles empiriques, Fonds souverains, fonds monétaire international et transparence et Du dieu aux marchés, répondent à des questions théoriques sur le rôle des acteurs et des institutions aux différents niveaux du champ, la société et l’espace transnational dans la constitution interprétative et sémantique. Ces deux articles font référence à d'autres cadres théoriques et les enrichissent en retour, notamment dans les domaines de la transparence, de l'étude interprétative de la comptabilité, de la gouvernance transnationale, des mouvements sociaux et du droit mou. Le troisième article, La responsabilité sociale des entreprises et le « karma du marché », propose un cadre conceptuel pour les mécanismes supposés traduire le comportement social des entreprises en performances financières. Cela introduit différentes caractéristiques relatives à l'entreprise ainsi que des facteurs institutionnels impactant ce lien. La thèse dans son ensemble éclaire la façon dont des institutions en compétition conditionnent le comportement des acteurs et comment ces derniers se mobilisent de manière sélective des cadres et apports sémantiques des institutions. / This dissertation explores the interaction between structure and agency in the context of multi-level institutionalization. Institutions interplay in complex ways across the field, national and transnational levels. Those complex dynamics condition both the interpretations and convictions that actors produce and the ways they mobilize meanings in order to “enact” their interpretations and convictions under competing demands. These dynamics are explored in-depth through two empirical studies. The first looks at the role national institutions play in the transnational regulation of sovereign wealth funds. The second examines the role of actors and institutions in evolution of frames used for socially responsible investments.Both the empirical studies utilize qualitative research methods drawing upon multiple sources of data including participant observation, interviews and a wide range of documentary evidence and secondary material. These studies yielded three research papers, two of which are empirical and the third one is conceptual. The two empirical papers named respectively “Sovereign wealth funds, the IMF and transparency” and “From God to markets” attempt to answer theoretical questions around the role of institutions at multiple levels of transnational, national and field, and actors in constitution of interpretations and meanings. In addition, these papers mobilize and contribute to other theoretical frameworks including transparency, interpretive accounting, transnational governance, social movements and soft laws. The third paper named “social responsibility and karma of market”, provides a conceptual framework for all the mechanisms claimed to translate the social behavior of firms to financial performance. It then sets out the firm attributes and institutional factors at multiple levels that mediate this link. Overall, this dissertation attempts to provide a better understanding of how competing institutions at different levels condition the actors’ behavior and how actors selectively mobilize and edit the institutional frames and meanings.

New Testament / M. Th. (New Testament)

Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-06T13:50:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLLF.pdf: 2165360 bytes, checksum: 2006b256c575f64413ca225f1c0c38ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T13:55:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLLF.pdf: 2165360 bytes, checksum: 2006b256c575f64413ca225f1c0c38ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T13:55:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLLF.pdf: 2165360 bytes, checksum: 2006b256c575f64413ca225f1c0c38ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T13:55:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLLF.pdf: 2165360 bytes, checksum: 2006b256c575f64413ca225f1c0c38ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Não recebi financiamento / This study aimed to understand, organize, line out, interpret and classify the different discursive arrays that have been placed to interpret and explain the historical figure of Antônio Conselheiro, who was distinguished as a determining character in an exponential time of Brazilian history, the war of Canudos. In this manner, we intend to link this analysis to the field of Brazilian Political-Social Thought, using the theoretical and methodological perspective of linguistic contextualism (Quentin Skinner, John Pocock), seeking to understand in which way the political thoughts coming from the interpreters manifest in the narratives built by themselves about Conselheiro (in the inter-relationship between author, text and context). It was opted to cut the analysis of the two most evident interpretative canons: the “euclideana” tradition, inspired by the narrative constructed by Euclides da Cunha in Os Sertões (from which derives the “euclideana” denomination) and the historiographical revisionism, initiated by the mid-twentieth century, having as major name the historian José Calasans - establishing it as an interpretive inflection, also called "Canudos not euclideano" (from which derives the “conselheirista” denomination). Thus, we conclude that, roughly speaking, the division between euclidiana and conselheirista discourses and characters is not rigid, nor aware of embracing the entire complex and contrasting narratives about the War of Canudos and Conselheiro, presenting in some points flagrant interpretative differences even within the same group. In that direction, this scission proved to be inaccurate (and partial at times), constituting basically just as thematic preference, as if they were formed two "research lines" about the same subject, which have different goals and approaches between itself - thus generating different (or even divergent) results also. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo compreender, organizar, esboçar, interpretar e classificar as diferentes matrizes discursivas que se colocaram a interpretar e explicar a figura histórica de Antônio Conselheiro, notabilizado enquanto personagem determinante de um momento exponencial da história brasileira, a guerra de Canudos. Destarte, pretendemos vincular esta análise ao campo do Pensamento Político-Social Brasileiro, utilizando-nos da perspectiva teórico-metodológica do contextualismo linguístico (Quentin Skinner, John Pocock), buscando compreender em que medida se manifesta o pensamento político dos intérpretes nas narrativas por eles construídas sobre o Conselheiro (na inter-relação entre autor, texto e contexto). Optamos por recortar a análise aos dois cânones interpretativos mais evidentes: a tradição euclidiana, inspirada na narrativa construída por Euclides da Cunha em Os Sertões (de onde derivaria a denominação de euclidiano); e o revisionismo historiográfico, iniciado por volta da metade do século XX, tendo como principal nome o historiador José Calasans – constituindo-se enquanto uma inflexão interpretativa, também chamada de “Canudos não euclidiano” (de onde derivaria a denominação de conselheirista). Assim, concluiremos que, a grosso modo, a divisão existente entre euclidianos e conselheiristas não é rígida, nem tampouco dá conta de abarcar todas as complexas e por vezes contrastantes narrativas existentes a respeito da guerra de Canudos e do Conselheiro, às vezes apresentando flagrantes divergências interpretativas até mesmo dentro do mesmo grupo. Nesse sentido, essa cisão se mostrou imprecisa (e, por vezes, parcial) constituindo-se, basicamente, apenas enquanto preferência temática, como se fossem formadas duas “linhas de pesquisas” sobre um mesmo tema, as quais teriam objetivos e enfoques diferentes entre si – gerando, assim, resultados também diferentes (e até divergentes).

Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar processos cognitivos na Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras), presentes em duas interpretações da música Aquarela. Os processos cognitivos foram investigados à luz da corporificação, da metáfora conceptual (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 2002), da metonímia conceptual (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 2003; EVANS; GREEN, 2006; KÖVECSES, 2010) e da iconicidade cognitiva (WILCOX, 2000; QUADROS, 2004; WILCOX, 2004). Além desses processos de construção de sentidos, analisam-se os esquemas imagéticos (EVANS; GREEN, 2006; GIBBS; COLSTON apud GEERAERTS, 2006) que lhes fundamentam. A partir dessa fundamentação, foram encontrados nas intepretações sinais categorizados icônico-metonímicos, icônico-metonímico-corporificados, de acordo com Nunes (2014), e icônicos-corporificados. Verificaram-se os esquemas imagéticos subjacentes aos sinais e classificadores. Considerando-se que esses sinais e classificadores estão presentes em interpretações de uma música, analisam-se também procedimentos e técnicas utilizados em traduções e interpretações em Libras. A partir da análise, constatou-se, entre os processos cognitivos subjacentes às interpretações da música, que as principais metáforas conceptuais subjacentes à letra de Aquarela em português mantêm-se nas interpretações em Libras. Contudo, na versão em Libras, uma nova metáfora foi postulada. Assim, buscou-se, com esta pesquisa, fornecer questionamentos sobre processos cognitivos em sinais e classificadores em interpretações na Libras / This study aims to analyze cognitive processes in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), present in two interpretations of Aquarela music. The cognitive processes were investigated based on embodiment, conceptual metaphor (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 2002), the conceptual metonymy (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 2003; EVANS; GREEN, 2006; KÖVECSES, 2010) and cognitive iconicity (Wilcox, 2000; TABLES, 2004; WILCOX, 2004). In addition to these senses construction processes, it was analyzed the image schemes (EVANS; GREEN, 2006; GIBBS; COLSTON apud GEERAERTS, 2006). From this foundation, were found signs classified as iconic-metonymic signs, iconic- metonymic-embodied signs, according to Nunes (2014), and iconic-embodied. It was studied image schemas in signs and classifiers. Considering that these signs and classifiers are present in music interpretations, its also analyzed procedures and techniques used in Libras translations and interpretations. From the analysis, it was found among the cognitive processes at these interpretations that the main conceptual metaphors in Portuguese remain in Libras interpretations. However, in Libras, a new metaphor was postulated. Thus, this research provides questions about cognitive processes in signs and classifiers in Libras interpretations

Orientador: José Plínio de Oliveira Santos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T01:08:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_KeniaCristinaPereira_D.pdf: 1388554 bytes, checksum: 5bb3b8622c46807f58b3ebf6cb458fca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Neste trabalho apresentamos novas interpretações combinatórias para sequências que incluem os números de Fibonacci, os números de Pell e os números de Jacobsthal, em termos de partição. Na primeira parte listamos as identidades, definições e resultados que foram utilizados durante o trabalho. Na segunda parte introduzimos o método de Andrews para encontrar as relações de recorrência usadas nas interpretações combinatórias e exemplos de como estas interpretações foram feitas. Os capítulos seguintes estão dedicados a novas interpretações para as sequências de Fibonacci, Pell, Jacobsthal, entre outras. No último capítulo encontramos identidades entre as sequências, algumas provadas bijetivamente, através das interpretações combinatórias estabelecidas nos capítulos anteriores / Abstract: We have presented in this work new combinatorial interpretations for sequences including Fibonacci numbers, Pell numbers and Jacobsthal numbers, in terms of partitions. At the first moment we have listed the identities, definitions and results that we used in this work. Next we have introduced the Andrews method to find out the recurrence relations used at combinatorial interpretations and examples that them had been done. The next chapters are dedicated to new interpretations to Fibonacci, Pell and Jacobsthal sequences, and others. Lastly we have found identities among the sequences, some of them proved bijectively, through combinatorial interpretations setted up on previous chapters / Doutorado / Matematica Aplicada / Doutora em Matemática Aplicada

In everyday conversation, we frequently express relationships between two entities by using attributive possessive NPs. Structurally, these consist of a possessor referent, a possessum nominal and a possessive marker which explicates said relationship. For example, if I want to enquire about a house owned by your friend Mary which you are currently decorating, I might feasibly say "How are you getting on with Mary’s house?". My utterance of the pre-nominal possessive NP Mary’s house allows you to represent a specific referent, ensuring that we mentally converge on the same house and are able to talk about it. This study investigates English pre-nominal possessive NPs from a pragmatic point of view. It does so with the aim of providing a cognitively plausible description of their interpretationwhich simultaneously serves to understand how they function as referring expressions in communication. In particular, I discuss some of the intricacies they pose to interlocutors when itcomes to their referential interpretation. One of these concerns the fact that pre-nominal possessives are semantically compatible with numerous different interpretations, yet reference aparticular possessive relation in concrete communicative situations. Thus, given that the Englishlanguage, quite in contrast to the majority of the world’s languages, does not render thepossessive relation that holds between two entities morphosyntactically explicit, the interpretation of pre-nominal possessive NPs falls entirely within the remit of a pragmatic theory. This should explain how Mary’s house, which is compatible with interpretations such asthe house that Mary is letting, the house that Mary wishes to buy, as well as various others,comes to denote the house that Mary owns in a communicative situation like the above. Fullyinterpreting this NP, as Peters & Westerståhl (2013) suggest, involves knowing what possibleinterpretations it gives rise to, selecting the most salient one to the detriment of any others, and, finally, representing a determinate referent denoted by the NP as a whole. While the first aspect has received much attention (e.g. Barker, 1995; Vikner & Jensen, 2002), the other two have been considered by only few researchers. This study represents the first holistic account of possessive interpretations which combinesall three questions to explain the various facets of their pragmatics. On the theoretical level, itsuggests that the currently dominant stance (advocated by Vikner & Jensen, 2002), accordingto which it is the lexical semantic content of the possessum nominal which largely exhausts theinterpretation process, is in need of rethinking. Contrary to existing insights, I attribute a greaterrole to context and pragmatic reasoning both at the level of possible and at the level of salientinterpretations. On the methodological level, the study is multimethodological in its approach,complementing theoretical argument by means of a psycholinguistic production study and alarge-scale corpus study. In this respect, the present study paves the way for a description of pragmatic aspects of theEnglish grammar which have hitherto been explained in terms of more descriptive possessivetaxonomies, including ones delineating alienable vs. inalienable (e.g. Nikolaeva & Spencer,2013), prototypical vs. non-prototypical (e.g. Langacker, 1995; Rosenbach, 2002) and lexicalvs. pragmatic interpretations (Vikner & Jensen, 2002). Ultimately, I suggest that construing referential interpretation as an addressee-dependent search for relevance (e.g. Sperber & Wilson, 1986/1995) largely obviates the need for taxonomies of this kind at the descriptive level.

The study of song cycles poses difficulties for both analysts and performers. These challenges stem largely from two qualities intrinsic to the genre: (1) the inclusion of two semiotic systems, language and music, and (2) the use of multi-movement structures. Several scholars have addressed these issues; however, a model built on a balanced consideration of both text-based/dramatic events and purely musical elements, has yet to be offered. This study proposes such a model with separate applications for both performers and analysts. Focusing on the identification of features connecting song cycles in their entirety, deep voice-leading associations and movements in key paths are examined in the application for analysts, whereas the performers’ application concentrates on recognizing underlying “atmospheres” and forms of acceleration. Each application is applied to Schumann’s Frauenliebe und –leben and Dichterliebe song cycles, demonstrating the benefits of employing this model in the development of both performative and analytical interpretations.

L'objectif de cette étude est de mettre en lumière la complexité de l'écriture de l'histoire et du processus de renouvellement historique, en prenant pour cas d'étude l'histoire de l'Ouest américain. De la théorie de la Frontière, développée par Frederick Jackson Turner à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle, à la « New Western History », apparue dans les années 1980, le sujet a fait l'objet de diverses interprétations au cours du vingtième siècle. Sa complexité réside en outre dans la mythologie véhiculée par la culture populaire, ainsi que la place centrale de l’Ouest dans l’inconscient collectif américain. Très controversées, les réécritures de la Nouvelle Histoire de l’Ouest ont redonné de l’intérêt et du dynamisme au domaine de recherche, tout en suscitant des débats passionnés, dont la médiatisation fut tout à fait inédite. Enfin, l’analyse de la transmission de ces réécritures au grand public, à travers l’enseignement et l’histoire publique, permet d’évaluer l’impact du mouvement au-delà des frontières universitaires et, de fait, offre une meilleure compréhension des enjeux et défis de la discipline historique. / Taking the history of the American West as a case study, the aim of this dissertation is to analyze the complex way in which history is written and rewritten over the years. From the first historian of the Frontier, Frederick Jackson Turner, to the “New Western History”, born in the 1980s, the Frontier and the American West have generated different interpretations and revisions over the course of the twentieth century. The subject is all the more complex as the West has a special place in the American psyche, and its myths pervade popular culture. Not only did the emergence of the New Western History revive a field of study that had become dated, it also triggered debates that were so heated that they received ample coverage in the American press. Studying the way the New Historians’ reinterpretations were transmitted to the general public, through teaching and public history, allows an assessment of the impact of the New Western History on a lay audience and, thus, a better understanding of the complex mechanics of history-making.

One of the main reasons that students struggle as they transition from arithmetic to algebra in the middle grades is that they fail to develop the appropriate understanding of the equal sign. Previous research has suggested that students need to move past an operational understanding and develop a relational understanding of the equal sign in order to work with algebraic equations successfully. Other research has suggested that the way that we interpret and utilize the equal sign is based on three main factors: multiple meanings of the equal sign, equation types, and structural conventions. This study extends both areas of research by analyzing two middle grade curricula and looking for what meanings, equation types, and structural conventions appear in both teacher and student materials. The study confirms that students are exposed to three main meanings of the equal sign in the middle grades. The study also describes which meanings of the equal sign are associated with particular equation types and the frequency with which these equation types appear throughout the 7th and 8th grade curricula. Study findings can be used to inform instruction, as they delineate the factors that are attended to while making sense of the equal sign in the middle grades.

This thesis compares how Christian thinkers John Chrysostom (349-407 CE) and Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560 CE) understood the theological concept of justification as found in Paul’s epistle to the Romans, and how their respective intellectual environments influenced their understandings of justification. Through detailed analysis of how Chrysostom and Melanchthon defined the theological concepts underlying their views of justification, it is demonstrated that, while their descriptions of justification often seem amicable, these apparent similarities are superficial. Their primary disagreement rests in their understandings of righteousness, which, for Chrysostom, was the outcome of a synergistic process wherein the faithful Christian gradually became, in actuality, more righteous by cooperating with the will and grace of God. Furthermore, Chrysostom viewed righteousness as a distinct stages in one’s struggle for salvation that followed one’s justification. Melanchthon rejected the notion that human beings themselves could become righteous, instead positing that faithful Christians are justified and simultaneously declared righteous by God based solely on their trust in the saving power of Christ’s atoning death.