Olu phando luqwalasela indima yepragmatiki ekuphononongeni iincwadi ezikhethiweyo zesiXhosa. Isahluko sokuqala sinika okuqulathwe lolu phando, iinjongo zolu phando nezibe ngunobangela wokuba kukhethwe esi sihloko, imethodi yophando, imo yophando, ulwakhiwo lophando nalapho kukrotyiswa kokuqulathwe sisahluko ngasinye. Uphengululo lweencwadi lwenziwe eziqulathe umxholo wepragmatiki lwenziwe kwakuso esi sahluko. Ingcaciso yamagama aya kuthi asetyenziswe rhoqo inikiwe kwakuso esi sahluko Isahluko sesibini sijonga nzulu iingcingane eziya kuthi zisetyenziswe njengesikhokelo ekwenzeni olu phando. Ingcingane yolwimi kunye nengcingane yoncwadi zijongiwe kwesi sahluko. Ingcingane zepragmatiki eziquka leyo kaGrice nengundoqo kwipragmatiki nayo ithe yaqwalaselwa. Le ngcingane iye izise iindidi zeentsingiselo namasolotya azo. Ingcingane kaGrice ethi iphuhlise intsingiselo efihlakeleyo, intsingiselo ethe ngqo kunye nocingelo ziya- jongwa gabalala kwesi sahluko. Ingcingane yentetho ntshukumo iya kuthi ijongwe ze kujongwe nonxibelelo lwayo kuncwadi. Isahluko sesithathu sijonga nzulu ukusetyenziswa kwentsingisselo efihlakeleyo kwiincwadi ezikhethelwe esi sifundo. Umgaqo wonxibelelwano nezaci zawo ezizezi; isaci somgangatho, isaci sokungakanani, isaci sonxulumano kunye nesaci sobunjani zijongiwe kwiintetho zabalinganiswa nakwizimvo zombhali. Isaci esizihambelayo nesivela kakhulu ngokusetyenziswa kwesigqebelo namaqhalo naso sithe sajongwa ngokubhekiselele kwiincwadi ezikhethelwe esi sifundo.Isahluko sesine siqwalasele ukusetyenziswa kocingelo. Ucingelo nelilelinye isolotya lepragmatiki. Iindidi zocingelo zithe zajongwa, nezizezi: ucingelo lokukhoyo nokunokwenzeka, ucingelo lokuqonda, ucingelo lonobangela nesiphumo kunye nocingelo lwezichazi nezihlomelo. Izichukumisi zocingelo zijongiwe kugxilwe kwiincwadi zesiXhosa ezikhwethelwe esi sifundo. Isahluko sesihlanu siqwalasele intsingiselo ethe ngqo. Imiba yentsingiselo ethe ngqo efana nokuzigqibela, ukuvala isikhewu, ukunqanda ubumbaxa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemiqondiso kuthe kwaqwalaselwa kwesi sahluko. Indlela ethe ngqo abalinganiswa abathile abathiywe ngayo ngababhali kwiincwadi ezikhethelwe esi sifundo iye izise intsingiselo ethe ngqo, oko ke kuthe kwaqwalaselwa kwesi sahluko.

Viele der Geflüchteten und Asylsuchenden in Deutschland sprechen nur wenig oder kein Deutsch. Hinreichende Gesundheitsversorgung ist daher oft nur mithilfe von Sprachmittlung möglich. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, wie ein Sprachmittlungsdienst im Gesundheitsbereich in Berlin aussehen kann und soll, damit die Regelversorgung für nicht deutschsprachige Menschen gewährleistet und Integration gefördert wird. Im theoretischen Teil wird der Forschungsstand zum Thema Sprachmittlung im Gesundheitsbereich sowie die aktuelle Situation in Deutschland und insbesondere in Berlin dargestellt. Im empirischen Teil werden die Bedarfe, der Status quo und bisherige Erfahrungen anhand des Sprachmittlungsangebotes durch SprInt Berlin, einer schriftlichen Umfrage unter Fachkräften (n = 66), welche mit Sprachmittler*innen arbeiten, sowie Interviews mit Sprachmittler*innen (n = 11) ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen den Bedarf an Sprachmittlung im Berliner Gesundheitsbereich. Um diesen zu decken, muss Sprachmittlung größtenteils aus öffentlichen Mitteln finanziert und transparent organisiert werden. Das Sprachangebot und die Anzahl der Sprachmittler*innen müssen vergrößert werden. Telefon- und Videodolmetschen sollte für einfach strukturierte Gespräche und Notfallsituationen vermehrt zum Einsatz kommen. Die Qualität muss durch einheitliche Qualifizierung und Weiterbildung der Sprachmittler*innen gewährleistet werden. Sprachliche, interkulturelle, berufsbezogene, translatorische und soziale Kompetenzen sind für die Sprachmittler*innen unerlässlich. Die Arbeit verdeutlicht, dass Gesundheit ein wichtiger Faktor für Integrationsprozesse ist und professionelle Sprachmittlung an der Entwicklung einer pluralistischen, gleichberechtigten Gesellschaft mitwirkt.:1 Einleitung 1 I. Theoretische Grundlagen: Sprachmittlung im Gesundheitsbereich 3 2 Forschungsstand: Dolmetschen im Gesundheitsbereich 3 2.1 Besonderheiten des Dolmetschens im Gesundheitsbereich 5 2.1.1 Wo und was wird gedolmetscht? Einsatzorte, Themengebiete und Gesprächstypen 5 2.1.2 Wie wird gedolmetscht? Kompetenzen für das Dolmetschen im Gesundheitsbereich 7 2.1.3 Die Rolle der Sprachmittler*innen 10 2.2 Wer dolmetscht? Nicht ausgebildete, geschulte und ausgebildete Sprachmittler*innen 13 2.2.1 Nicht ausgebildete Sprachmittler*innen 13 2.2.2 Geschultes medizinisches Personal und ausgebildete Sprachmittler*innen 16 2.3 Wege zum Beruf Sprachmittler*in 18 2.4 Telefonisches und videobasiertes Dolmetschen 21 2.5 Was dolmetscht? Alternativen zur Sprachmittlung durch eine Person 25 3 Sprachmittlung im Gesundheitsbereich in Deutschland 26 3.1 Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland 26 3.2 Migration und Gesundheit 28 3.2.1 Daten zum Gesundheitszustand von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund 30 3.2.2 Daten zum Gesundheitsverhalten von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund 31 3.2.3 Hintergründe und Einflussfaktoren 32 3.2.4 Migration, Gesundheit und Sprachmittlung 33 3.3 Das Recht auf Sprachmittlung 36 3.4 Finanzierung von Sprachmittlung 39 4 Sprachmittlung im Gesundheitsbereich in Berlin 42 4.1 Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund in Berlin 42 4.2 Gesundheitsversorgung in Berlin 44 4.3 Finanzierung von Sprachmittlung im Gesundheitsbereich in Berlin 45 4.4 Geschulte und ausgebildete Sprachmittler*innen in Berlin 46 5 Zwischenfazit: Warum sollten Sprachmittler*innen im Gesundheitsbereich eingesetzt werden? 49 II. Empirische Untersuchung: Sprachmittlung im Gesundheitsbereich am Beispiel SprInt Berlin 51 6 SprInt Berlin als Akteur für Sprachmittlung im Gesundheitsbereich 52 7 Quantitative Umfrage unter Fachkräften in der Gesundheitsversorgung 54 7.1 Methoden: Planung und Anwendung 54 7.2 Analyse und Auswertung 56 7.2.1 Rücklauf und Studienpopulation 56 7.2.2 Klient*innenfrequenz 58 7.2.3 Verständigung mit nicht deutschsprachigen Klient*innen 59 7.2.4 Termine mit Sprachmittlung 61 7.2.5 Wer benötigt Sprachmittlung? Personengruppen, Herkunftsländer und Sprachen 63 7.2.6 Bedeutung der gleichen Herkunft von Sprachmittler*in und Klient*in 65 7.2.7 Wer übernimmt die Sprachmittlung? 68 7.2.8 Erfahrungen mit Sprachmittler*innen 70 7.2.9 Was tun Sie, wenn kein*e Sprachmittler*in zur Verfügung steht? 74 7.2.10 Hinzuziehung von Sprachmittler*innen 76 7.2.11 Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Kommunikation mit nicht deutschsprachigen Klient*innen 76 7.2.12 Kompetenzen von Sprachmittler*innen 78 7.2.13 Kompetenzen der SprInt-Mittler*innen 79 7.2.14 Aufgaben der Sprachmittler*innen 80 7.2.15 Nutzen von Sprachmittlung 82 7.2.16 Telefonische Sprachmittlung 83 7.2.17 Videobasierte Sprachmittlung 86 7.2.18 Argumente für und gegen telefonische und videobasierte Sprachmittlung 87 7.2.19 Finanzierung von Sprachmittlung 88 7.2.20 Vermittlung der Einsätze und Verfügungszeiten 89 7.2.21 Weitere Serviceleistungen, Kritik und Verbesserungsvorschläge 90 7.3 Zusammenfassung und Beurteilung der Umfrageergebnisse 94 8 Leitfadengestützte Interviews mit SprInt-Mittler*innen 96 8.1 Methoden: Planung und Anwendung 96 8.2 Analyse und Auswertung 98 8.2.1 Studienpopulation 98 8.2.2 Einsätze: Anzahl, Einsatzorte und Themen 100 8.2.3 Klient*innen: Personengruppen und Herkunftsländer 102 8.2.4 Kompetenzen von Sprachmittler*innen 105 8.2.5 Aufgaben und Rolle von Sprachmittler*innen 110 8.2.6 Erfahrungen im Kontakt mit Fachkräften 112 8.2.7 Erfahrungen im Kontakt mit Klient*innen 113 8.2.8 Missverständnisse aufgrund kultureller Hintergründe 115 8.2.9 Psychische Belastung und Supervision zur Bewältigung 116 8.2.10 Telefonische und videobasierte Sprachmittlung 118 8.2.11 Die SprInt-Qualifizierung, Aufqualifizierung und Weiterbildungen 119 8.2.12 Der Weg zum Beruf Sprachmittler*in 121 8.2.13 Erfahrungen mit nicht ausgebildeten Sprachmittler*innen 123 8.2.14 Die Zusammenarbeit mit der Vermittlungszentrale 123 8.3 Zusammenfassung und Beurteilung der Auswertung der Interviews 124 9 Diskussion der Ergebnisse: Theoretische Grundlagen, Perspektive der Fachkräfte und der Sprachmittler*innen im Vergleich 127 10 Reflexion und Ausblick 133

No description available.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / The purpose of this study was to attempt to ascertain the standard of interpreting services in the Western Cape Legislature. The study gives a brief overview of the legislation regarding language, and is furthermore underpinned by a literature review. The everelusive concept of quality in interpreting is also considered. The empirical component of the study encompassed interviews and open-ended discussions with language practitioners, interpreters and users, which in this case are the members of parliament. In addition, interpreters gave feedback on their training, working conditions and own experiences by means of a filling out a questionnaire. In terms of assessing the standard of service delivered, the users were asked to rate the service on eleven different levels, as derived from the literature and previous studies done by international scholars, again by filling out a questionnaire. The purpose hereof was to marry the literature with the outcomes of the data collected. The study concludes that there is much scope for improvement of the service that is currently rendered at the Western Cape Parliament. The reasons for this are in part due to a lack of understanding and awareness of what interpreting entails, as well as a lack of understanding of the value of a sound interpreting service. In addition, it appears that interpreters may benefit from training to ensure better delivery of service.

This dissertation examines the role of language directionality in conference interpret-ing in South Africa with the purpose of highlighting the need for bidirectional inter-preting in a South African context. Western mainstream doctrines prescribe for in-terpreters to work only towards their native (mother) tongue. However, in the multi-lingual South African context, where the majority of the population speaks at least two languages, the idea of language directionality has not been given much thought. Nevertheless, there seems to be a demand for bidirectional interpreters. The study aims to argue in favour of a language bi-directionality in interpreting through empha-sising its theoretical plausibility and practical evidence within the field of conference interpreting in South Africa. The dissertation is the result of an extended literature review and a survey carried out in South Africa in 2013 among conference interpreters working in the country. / Mini-dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Modern European Languages / MA / Unrestricted

The central focus of this master's thesis is to provide an overview of the works of the contemporary Argentinian interpreter, translator and interpreting historian, Sergio Viaggio. The thesis contains his biography, an in-depth analysis of his work and an overview of his articles, studies and books that concern interpreting. In each chapter we analyse his works and provide a concise and comprehensive evaluation and summary. The motivation behind the genesis of this thesis was to offer the works of Sergio Viaggio to Czech researchers, who might find inspiration in his work, but wouldn't be able to look for it because of the language barrier. This is a theoretical thesis, similar to other theses on important figures dedicated to the works of contemporary translation studies scholars. Key words: Sergio Viaggio, interpreting, Argentina, interpreting teaching, legal interpreting

Signed language interpreting in South Africa has not received much academic attention, despite the profession having undergone major transformation since the advent of democracy. This study aims to create a better understanding of signed language interpreters’ behaviour in one specific setting in South Africa – post-secondary education. During the researcher’s own practice as an educational interpreter at a post-secondary institution, she experienced role conflict and found little information available to assist her in making professional decisions on which direction to take. This provided the impetus to embark on this research. The study begins by outlining the field of liaison interpreting and educational interpreting, and examining the existing literature regarding the interpreter’s role and norms in interpreting. It then goes on to examine authentic interpreted texts, filmed in actual lectures in post-secondary settings. These texts are analysed with reference to interpreter shifts and deviations from the source text, with particular focus on interpreter-generated utterances (additions), borrowing (fingerspelling), omissions (both errors and conscious choice) and various types of collaboration between the interpreter and primary participants. These shifts are examined in more detail to explore whether they indicate any change in the interpreter’s role. Further, interpreters’ own views about their practice, elicited from individual interviews, enable the reader to understand how the interpreters view the role(s) that they fulfil. The research will provide information for interpreter trainers about the roles assumed by SASL interpreters in higher education and provide a platform from which to scaffold future educational interpreter research and training. / Linguistics / M.A. (Linguistics)

This Master's thesis provides an overview of the work of the contemporary Belgian researcher, teacher and interpreter Heidi Salaets. It focuses on the prominent fields of her research, which is predominantly legal interpreting but also videoconference interpreting and interpreting in healthcare. The thesis introduces research projects the Belgian researcher was involved in as their coordinator or coresearcher. It includes a biography of Heidi Salaets, an overview of her didactic activities and reception of her research in the Czech Republic. The main motivation for this thesis was to introduce this important persona of Belgian interpreting studies to the Czech academic community. This is a theoretical descriptive study that was written as a follow-up to other theses dedicated to famous personalities of the international interpreting studies scene. Key words: Heidi Salaets, interpreting studies, interdisciplinary approach, legal interpreting, police interpreting, health care interpreting, interpreting for children, videoconference interpreting

This thesis examines the development of conference interpreting in Finland, using conference interpreting in the European Union as an example. The thesis is of a theoretical and descriptive nature. Its primary aim is to outline the changes in interpreting in Finland that emerged in 1995 upon the country's accession to the EU. Moreover, this thesis describes the current situation and the potential future of Finnish within the EU. Finally, this research explores training on conference interpreting at the university level, as well as the current status of the Finnish interpreting market. This thesis also describes the current status of the Czech interpreting market in relation to Finnish. The first chapter introduces distinguished individuals involved in interpreting in Finland. The following chapter deals with the development of interpreting in Finland, with emphasis on conference interpreting and training for conference interpreters. One subsection of this chapter is devoted to discussing a special course on conference interpreting offered at the University of Turku. The next chapter describes how Finland's membership in the EU changed interpreting services in the European Parliament, European Commissions, and Court of Justice of the EU. This chapter explores interpreting from and into Finnish in...

This study was a program evaluation of an American Sign Language internship program that was established in 2006 at a 4-year private college in the Midwestern United States but had never been evaluated. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this internship program in preparing students for employment in the field of interpreting. An expertise-oriented program evaluation case study was conducted using the lens of experiential learning theory. Research questions were used to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of the program and the ways in which the policies, objectives, and assignments prepare students to work as interns and later as professional interpreters. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 2 former administrators who helped establish the program, 13 graduates of the program between 2013 and 2015, and 8 of the internship site directors who worked with interns between 2013 and 2015. The interview data were coded and analyzed following Merriam's approach to identify themes, and document review was used to support the themes. Key findings were that the program provided effective training for interns transitioning to professional employment, but students tended to lack self-confidence in their performances Interviewees also indicated that program documents were helpful but difficult to use, and mentors needed guidance in giving constructive feedback. An evaluation report was constructed as a research project deliverable to provide specific recommendations for program enhancement. The study promotes positive social change by providing stakeholders with the evidence-based data needed to implement further growth for the internship program, and to more effectively train interpreters to work with the Deaf community.