Children with medical complexity (CMC) require increased number and length of hospitalizations, and increased need for care coordination.1-3 Many complex children with neuromuscular diseases have scoliosis, or a deformity of the spine. Often, scoliosis in these patients affects multiple organ systems and requires spinal fusion surgery to repair the deformity and decrease the likelihood of further organ damage.4,5 While it is well-known that spinal fusion surgery is costly and a high-risk procedure, little research has evaluated the perioperative process of spinal fusion patients. Furthermore, few care pathways exist for medically complex patients undergoing spinal fusions.6 This study examines the pre-, peri-, and post-operative experiences of families of patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery at Boston Children’s Hospital. Providers, organization, leadership and teamwork, and overall outcomes are assessed by this qualitative study. Initial data suggest that a pathway improving coordination and communication, especially among interactions with the surgical coordinator, should be implemented to improve scheduling of surgery and appointments throughout the perioperative process

The purpose of this study was to test the usefulness of The Color Book in facilitating interactions between an interviewer and a child. Interviews employing The Color Book were compared with interviews in which no art materials were used. More specifically the question of whether the length of utterances, number of emotional words used and statements about self by the subjects differed between groups using the Color Book and interviews without art materials. Subjects were forty grade school age children attending public schools. Twenty had previously been classified as behaviorally disordered and the other twenty had no such classification. Half of each group was interviewed without art materials. Interviews were conducted by graduate students in Psychology with experience in interviewing techniques. A twenty minute segment of the audiotaped interview was analyzed for the subject's mean length of utterance, number of times an emotion word or phrase was used and the number of times the subject used the words "I", "Me", "My" and "Mine". Two-way analysis of variance failed to detect any significant differences in these variables due the effect of the interviewing conditions.

Graduate

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Children are at increased risk for harmful lead exposure due to their behavior and the increased percentage of lead absorption. While lead levels and the possible adverse health effects vary by age and level absorbed, the medical field agrees that lead is a persistent public health issue of the first order. Importantly, Hoosier children are at an increased risk for possible negative side effects because of the small percentage of children who are being tested; despite the AAP’s recommendation. The Health Belief Model (HBM) provided a strong and appropriate framework for guiding this formative research about parents’ perceptions of blood lead testing. This study aimed to answer two research questions based on HBM concepts and utilized both quantitative and qualitative methods to help answer them. Using snowball and convenience sampling, 14 Hoosier parents were recruited to participate in this study during the spring of 2020. Parents were recruitment from four counties across the state with known high rates of lead and/or low rates of blood lead testing among babies and small children. The findings from this study yield broad suggestions for future work within the field of communication research and specific suggestions for applied communication campaign research and clinical interventions within the state of Indiana. This study suggests we still have a long way to go as a state in addressing the dangers of lead toxicity and increasing regular testing among Hoosier children.

It is unclear if staff at career centers use, or are willing to use, empirically-supported procedures like behavioral skills training (BST) when teaching interview skills to college students. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which the typical career center training consisted of BST, to evaluate staff-implemented BST, and to measure student performance as a result of both training. Using non-concurrent multiple baseline design, three staff were taught to use BST to teach three students to answer interview questions. First, staff used their typical training procedure, and then, they used BST to teach student interview skills; their use of BST steps was measured during training with students. Student performance was measured as percentage of appropriate answers provided during simulated interviews conducted with the experimenter after training. Results showed limited use of BST in staff’s typical training and increased use after BST training. One student improved after a typical career center training and two students showed improvement after staff-implemented BST. Social validity reports from staff showed acceptance for some steps, but not all. Limitations to this study included small selection of interview questions, time constraint, and self-reported social validity measures. Future studies can evaluate alternative methods of BST delivery including computerized BST.

My diploma thesis consist in creating short videos. I have been interviewing important Czech graphic designers of an older generatin and I've been interested in socio-historical background which a profession of graphic design had before Velvet revolution and before new media coming. The project got a name Graphic Design Talks. The videos are put on Facebook with other information about each designer. I would like to continue interviewing new deigners add new videos even after I finish my study.

SAMMANFATTNING Smärta är en av de vanligaste besöksorsakerna på akutmottagningar runt om i Sverige och världen. Smärta och smärtlindring blir därmed en viktig faktor för akutsjukvården att hantera även om uppgiften inte alltid är lätt då alla individer har en unik och subjektiv upplevelse av smärta och hur den ter sig. På akutmottagningen spelar sjuksköterskan en viktig roll i att identifiera och att försöka lindra smärta. När väntetiderna blir långa och tiden till att träffa en läkare förskjuts är det av stor betydelse för patienter att träffa en kompetent sjuksköterska som i många fall kan minska lidandet genom adekvata bedömningar och  smärtlindrande åtgärder. Studiens syfte var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att lindra patienters smärta på akutmottagningen. Kvalitativa intervjuer användes som metod och semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes med sju frivilliga sjuksköterskor som informanter. Samtliga arbetade på en större akutmottagning i Sverige. Insamlad data från intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. I resultatet framkom att sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter kring att lindra smärta kunde indelas i tre kategorier med åtta tillhörande underkategorier. Huvudkategorierna var (1) Patientens smärta, (2) Sjuksköterskans roll och (3) Akutmottagningen som kontext. Intervjuerna visade på att sjuksköterskorna ansåg att alla patienter är unika individer med subjektiva smärtupplevelser men att det på akutmottagningen kan vara svårt att bibehålla det personcentrerade synsättet när patienterna är många och arbetsbelastningen är hög. Sjuksköterskorna menade att smärtlindring på akutmottagning relateras mycket till personliga erfarenheter såväl kring bedömning som dosering av smärtstillande läkemedel. Det framkom också att akutmottagningen är en speciell vårdmiljö där det blandas patienter med olika sjukdomstillstånd, olika typer av smärta och förutsättningarna för att ge smärtlindring kan variera kraftigt. Som slutsats tyder resultatet på att sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att lindra smärta på akutmottagningen är att det är en komplex arbetsuppgift. Dels är det förknippat med en positiv upplevelse av att kunna hjälpa  patienterna att slippa smärta och att förutsättningarna för detta finns tillgängliga för att ta självständiga beslut som sjuksköterska. Samtidigt har det i studieresultatet framkommit tecken som tyder på att hög arbetsbelastning, bristande specifika kunskaper kring smärtlindring och svårigheter att göra adekvata smärtbedömningar kan vara hinder för att lindra patienternas smärta på akutmottagningen.

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Neurokirurgisk vård i Sverige är begränsad till sex olika kliniker. Klinikerna utför planerade och akuta operationer. Beroende på tillgängliga resurser kan ibland akuta operationer dröja. Fördröjning av operationer ställer krav på sjuksköterskans kunskaper om att bemöta, informera och kommunicera med den väntande patienten. Syftet med studien var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att vänta på en akut neurokirurgisk operation. En kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats valdes och som datainsamlingsmetod genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer. Sex patienter deltog i individuella intervjuer som ägde rum mellan februari och maj år 2016 på en neurokirurgisk klinik i Sverige. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av en manifest innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att den information patienterna fick från personalen under sin väntetid var i vissa delar otillräcklig och detta skapade en ovisshet som ledde till känslor av oro. Några patienter kände sig utsatta i sin situation vilket skapade starka känslor av ensamhet, besvikenhet och ilska. Patienterna fick fasta en längre tid vilket skapade ytterligare negativa känslor under väntan. Trots oro och ilska uttryckte patienterna en acceptans av sin situation, eftersom de hade en förståelse för varför de fick vänta. Patienterna upplevde även att personalen var hjälpsam, kunnig och positiv vilket skapade en trygghet för patienterna. Slutsatsen visar på vikten av information och tydlig kommunikation mellan patient och personal för att öka patientens trygghet och välbefinnande i en utsatt situation. / In Sweden, neurosurgical patients are treated at six different clinics around the country. The neurosurgical clinics perform both scheduled and acute surgical procedures. At times, acute surgical procedures can be delayed and patients are forced to wait. This requires knowledge for the nurse who cares for these patients on how to treat, inform and communicate with the waiting patient. The aim of the study was to describe patients’ experiences of waiting for an acute neurosurgical procedure. A qualitative method with an inductive reasoning was selected. Semi-structured interviews were chosen as an approach for data collection. Six patients participated in individual interviews performed during the months of February through May 2016 at a neurosurgical clinic in Sweden. The collected data was analyzed with a manifest content analysis. The result of the study shows that the patients lacked information about their situation during the time they waited for surgery, which lead to in feelings of uncertainty and anxiety. Some patients felt exposed, leading to strong emotions such as loneliness, disappointment and anger. The long preoperative fast enhanced the negative feelings. Although the patients expressed feelings of anxiety and anger, they seemed to accept their situation as they understood the reasons for the long wait. They experienced the health professionals as helpful, proficient and with a positive attitude, which gained the patients trust. The conclusion of the study is the importance of patient information and communication between patient and health professionals to create a trusting relationship and well-being for patients in an exposed situation.