Background: Threats and violence are a major problem in healthcare that negatively affects both staff and patients. Acute Psychiatric wards are one of the most affected workplaces in healthcare and where work on threat and violence prevention is highly relevant. Violent preventive theories and concepts exist as developed research like the Bergenmodel, Deescalation and low-impact arousal. Aim: The aim is to describe the nurse's experience of the working group's application of threat and violence prevention measures in emergency psychiatric care. Method: The study is a qualitative interview study with a descriptive approach. Results: Three themes were identified - Prophylaxis measures, avert escalation and preserve knowledge. Crucial to the violence prevention work in emergency psychiatric care was to seek for respectful tone in encounters with patients to avoid escalating a suspected threatening situation. Knowledge, experience and training together with good cooperation inthe working group can lead to reduced situations of violence as staff is given the opportunity to experience safety and security. Conclusion: Adequate care with a focus on communication and professional encounter together with solid training is important for the working group's ability to work with violence prevention.

Huvudsyftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att undersöka musikens betydelse och hur olika skapande musikers förhållningssätt till yrkes- ochfritidslyssning ser ut. Metoderna som används för att samla in informationen är intervjuer med fyra låtskrivande musiker samt litteraturstudier av böcker och forskningsmaterial inom ämnet. Informationen som framkommer genom intervjuerna, litteraturen och forskningsmaterialet jämförs med varandra i en avslutande diskussionsdel. För att kort sammanfatta mitt arbete har musiken en otroligt stor och viktigt plats hos de intervjuade musikerna och den tidigare forskningen påvisar musikens stora betydelse på en mängd olika plan och ur olika synvinklar. Att lyssna på musik i sitt yrke och på fritiden skiljer sig på olika sätt där informanterna bl.a. är eniga om att inte lyssna på sin egen musik på fritiden, att inte lyssna på radiomusik och att det bästa sättet att lyssna på musik på är att lyssna själv i ett par lurar. I yrkeslyssningen uppstår ett mer detaljerat lyssnande enligt informanterna och de lyssnar definitivt mer metodiskt och kritiskt i studion.

This research project is an attempt to determine how principals handle educator misconduct in public schools in a sample of both primary and secondary schools. Procedures on handling misconduct are still new to schools principals. The need to empower principals with knowledge and procedures to handle educator misconduct is the main concern of the study. The main aim of the study is to investigate how principals handle educator misconduct in public schools. It is revealed in the introductory orientation of this study that educator misconduct is one of major challenges in principals' management of schools. Educator misconduct is a continuous problem that principals experience in their management of schools. Principals being given legal authority to handle less serious misconduct at school level, have a mammoth task and responsibility to ensure that procedural requirements are met in such misconduct cases. The attempts to workshop train and educate principals on handling educator misconduct which all proved insufficient. Misconduct among educators is on the increase and principals seem to fall short of handling such misconduct cases properly. In this regard both the literature study and an empirical investigation through interviews are used in the study. Principals are involved because they have a duty to handle educator misconduct. Procedures handling misconduct also involve educators. These data collection methods are useful in providing insights into principals' handling of educator misconduct as well as getting educators' views on how principals handle misconduct cases. The findings and recommendations of this study are expected to improve principals' handling of educator misconduct. The findings are supposed to help principals to realise the need to follow procedural steps and to apply principles of handling misconduct fairly and consistently. Based on what the study will find, it is recommended that principals adhere to principles, rules and procedures of handling misconduct as they serve to empower principals in their management responsibilities. Principals support mechanisms in the form of workshops, seminars and training programme should be provided to ensure that principals are well trained and have clear knowledge in both theory and practice of handling educator misconduct. / Dissertation (MEd (Education Management and Policy Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

Title: Meal in preschool, what is the preschool teachers´ action based on? Author: Cecilia Holst Supervisor: Helena Andersson Purpose and questions: My purpose with this essay is to contribute to an increased knowledge about what governs preschool teachers´ action; educational capital or science and proven experience during meals. This can be useful to me, nannies, preschool teachers, headmasters/headmistresses, principals or other professions and stakeholders, which has connection to preschool operation. The secondary gain of the study, will hopefully be, an increased awareness and new knowledge for those who absorb the knowledge in this study. In this way also in everyday practice in meetings with the children at the preschool during the meals which can provide a change for the children. What is the preschool teachers´ action based on at the meals, science and proven methods or pedagogical capital? Scientific basis and proven experience; how does it appear at the meal in preschool teachers´ meeting with the children? Theory: The theories I based on are hermeneutical and systems theory. Method: The survey was conducted with semi-structured interviews of six preschool teachers. Summary: In 2011, it was introduced in the Education Act that the education must be based on a scientific basis and proven experience. This study aims to investigate if the preschool teachers use their pedagogical capital or scientific basis and proven experience at the meal in preschool. The study has a hermeneutic theorem, and the analysis has been done with systems theory. The empirical data in the study comes from semi-structured interviews with preschool teachers and the result consists of eleven different parts. Role models, theory as a role model, own relationship to food, the main questions of the study, interpretation of the children, peace and quiet, dining room, fewer children, table placements and pandemic. Summary: The meal is a situation that is mostly based on educational capital, but there are situations where knowledge of language development and motor skills support preschool teachers in the implementation at the meal.

The use of virtual commissioning has increased in the last years, but there are still challenges before the software code validation method is widespread in use. One of the additions to virtual commissioning is basing it on a digital twin to allow for improved accuracy. The aim of this thesis is to review existing standards and approaches to developing virtual commissioning, as well as to explore the definitions. The chosen approach to achieve the aim, is to perform a literature review of existing research papers and interviews with knowledgeable people in the industry. First, the definitions and classifications are reviewed, then the approaches for development of virtual commissioning and digital twins are explored in the literature. In three interviews with people of varying backgrounds and competences, the views of the virtual technologies are assessed to provide insight in the industry. The findings of the literature review and interviews are among others, the apparent need for standardisation in the field and that a sought-after standard in the form of ISO 23247-1 is under way. Furthermore, the digital twin is a concept with a promising future in combination with other technologies of Industry 4.0. In conclusion, this thesis provides a deep review of the challenges and possibilities of virtual commissioning and the digital twin and could be used as starting point for further research in standardisations and improvements sprung from the new standard.

Main issues of this work are to describe the surrounding of Štefánik observatory and to extend knowledge about its wide history, specially the recent one. Cornerstones of this knowledge have become from interviews with the employees, who worked on Štefánik observatory during the normalization, possibly earlier; and some of them are still work there. The leading of the interviews was made by method of oral history. The work is based also on available bibliography, which concerns mostly to methodology; newspaper articles which relate to observatory history or important events. The text is primarily focused on interviews experiences and feelings and besides the work presents their testimony. In the text are worked up some topics, which concern to professional activity, relationships, perceptions of ages 1968 and 1989, and finally the projection the movies about Apollo programme. The goal of this work is not come to clear conclusions but to reflect experiences of interviewees into historical context, alternatively take a look into working life of Štefánik observatory employees. Keywords: Štefánik observatory, guide, astronomy, normalization, oral history, interview

The current thesis deals with proces od adaptation of headmasters in its working position. In the theoretical part is focused on the presentation of the school as a system, the specifics of education system and its management, the actual work of heads of schools and the process of adaptation of headmasters. In the practical part I focused on the beginning of the headmasters career, and the process of adaptation of the headmasters on the professional role. I was looking for phenomena that are typical start headmaster career, how they affect the process of adaptation but also the rest of the headmaster career. To obtain the necessary data, I chose a qualitative research, namely the form of interviews that I conducted with ten directors of elementary schools in Praha and in Kraj Vysočina. Keywords: school, primary school headteacher, adaptation, interview

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Background: Individuals with metastatic bone disease (MBD) and multiple myeloma (MM) are commonly excluded from exercise oncology research due to safety concerns regarding potential skeletal complications including the incidence of pain, impaired mobility, pathological fracture, and spinal cord compression. However, over the past decade research has demonstrated that exercise is not only safe for this population but may offer other therapeutic benefits. To our knowledge, the specific perspectives and needs of individuals with MBD related to physical activity and exercise have not yet been explored. The objective of this study was to identify the attitudes towards and needs related to physical activity and exercise among individuals with MBD and MM. Methods: A phenomenological qualitative study utilizing a pragmatic approach to thematic analysis within a patient-oriented research framework was utilized. Semi-structured interview questions and various questionnaires were utilized to gather this descriptive information. Thematic analysis was completed using the 7-stage Framework Method, including transcription, familiarization, coding, analytical framework, and interpreting the data. Results: Of the 20 volunteer participants (90% male), four were living with MM (20%), and 16 had MBD diagnosed within 2-66 months of the study. Half of the participants did not report feeling any bone pain, with none experiencing severe bone pain, and eight (40%) experienced pain specifically with movement. Most participants engaged in a variety of physical activities and at various intensities, although 25% were found to be sedentary/insufficiently active. Five major themes emerged from the interviews including “meaning of physical activity”, “cancer care ‘exercise is medicine’ support (or lack thereof)”, “motivators to engage in physical activity”, “barriers causing a reduction in physical activity post diagnosis”, and “physical activity program preferences”. These themes encompassed a total of 32 categories and 44 subcategories, creating the overall thematic framework. Discussion: Individuals with MBD and MM do engage in regular physical activity, although differences in the frequency and intensity of exercise exist. Exercise has a recognized and valued role in their lives and health, including bone health. These patients are genuinely interested in some form of exercise program as part of their cancer care. Movement or activity modifications may be required for some based on bony lesions and fracture prevention. Differences may also be related to comorbidities, preferences, and/or abilities. While there is no “one size fits all” approach to oncology-based exercise prescription and implementation among this population, the findings of this study demonstrate that there is a strong patient-identified need to support those living with MBD and MM to engage in regular exercise in order to obtain its physical and psychological benefits. / Graduate / 2023-03-03

Elicited imitation (EI) is a method of assessing oral proficiency in which the examinee listens to a prompt and attempts to repeat it back exactly as it was heard. Research over recent decades has successfully established correlation between EI testing and other oral proficiency tests, such as the Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) and the OPI by computer (OPIc). This paper details the history of oral proficiency assessment as well as that of EI. It then outlines the development process and validation of a Portuguese Elicited Imitation test. The processes of item selection and item validation are detailed followed by the criterion-related validation through a statistical correlation analysis of participants' results on an official American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) OPIc and their predicted OPIc scores which were based on their results of the Portuguese EI calibration test. Results of the statistical analysis revealed a strong correlation between the predicted scores of the EI test and the actual OPIc scores. In order to go beyond previously completed EI research, this paper addresses the issue of face validity which has been a challenge for the proliferation of EI testing. Analysis of a survey administered after participants' completion of the two tests (OPIc and EI) addresses the experiences and reactions of the participants to the two testing formats. Suggestions for future use of EI as well as future research will be presented.