Notre recherche s'inscrit dans le projet AMPER (Atlas Multimédia Prosodique de l'Espace Roman) et elle a comme objectif principal celui d'offrir une caractérisation prosodique plus systématique de la modalité déclarative de l'espagnol parlée aux Îles Canaries. L'étude présente une double perspective : prosodique et dialectologique, car elle combine des variables strictement linguistiques (comme l'extension des syntagmes et leur combinaison accentuelle), en établissant des relations avec d'autres niveaux linguistiques comme le lexique et la syntaxe, mais aussi avec la phonétique segmentale, avec des variables sociolinguistiques (comme le sexe des informateurs, l'île d'origine, le milieu urbain ou rural et leur niveau d'études), qui nous permettent de vérifier que les informateurs constituent un groupe homogène, avec une intonation clairement représentative de la variété canarienne. Les résultats de l'analyse acoustique - vérifiés au niveau perceptif - démontrent que, effectivement, au-delà des coïncidences avec d'autres variétés, l'intonation de l'espagnol parlé aux Îles est parfaitement reconnaissable.

This thesis presents an adaptive tuning system that can be described as a dynamic Just Intonation tuning system, being compatible with equally tempered instruments. The tuning system is called Hermode Tuning (HMT) and the tuning used as comparison for evaluation is the standardized western tuning, the equal tempered tuning. This study investigates preferences for these two musical tuning systems, depending on whether the tunings are presented on a piano or with woodwind instruments. A listening test was done with students at the Falun Conservatory of Music, including both a vertical listening (intervalls) and a horizontal listening (cadenses and musical compositions) of Hermode tuned musical material. Overall the results showed no significant preferences for either tuning system irrespectively of what instrument it was presented with. The clearest results was that of a misjudged just intonated perfect third on the piano and a preference for an adaptively tuned piano presented in a simple harmonic structure, with a parameter setting of HMT 70%. Materials for comparison was partly taken from Hermode´s own website, but overall the attitude towards these sequenses (using a likert scale of one to five) showed a low expected value. This shows the complexity of the topic and no general conclusions regarding the choice of intonation or tuning system could be done for the presented material.

Ma recherche est une étude de cas basée sur un corpus vidéo d'une conversation entre deux jeunes Anglaises. Tout en montrant les liens qui existent entre discours, intonation et gestualité, j'ai analysé dans un premier temps les constituants du paragraphe oral, tel qu'il a été défini par Morel et Danon-Boileau (1998). J'en déduis qu'il existe des différences structurelles et prosodiques entre l'anglais et le français qui expliquent les différences sur le plan de la gestualité : l'anglais oral ayant une structure syntaxique très liée, certains gestes tels que les gestes d'organisation du discours sont peu utilisés par les locutrices.<br />En revanche, l'étude des pauses, de la gestion des tours de parole et des hyperparagraphes (unités plus larges que le paragraphe oral) fait ressortir le fait que les rapports de co-locution et de co-énonciation passent par les mêmes marques prosodiques et gestuelles en français et en anglais, malgré quelques différences interculturelles.

Univ., Diss--Hamburg, 2005.

This thesis develops the phonological model for the Stockholm Swedish intonation system. Though previous research provides a general model of this system, many phonological aspects of it have remained understudied. The intonational options that are available to speakers of Stockholm Swedish are discussed, and it is argued that Stockholm Swedish provides evidence for complex branching of phonological domains. Specifically, it is argued that so called focal accents, which are referred to as (H)LH-accents in the present work, have essentially two different functions. First, they signal information structural categories such as focus. Second, they signal left edges of Intonation Phrases (IP). It is also argued that a wide range of options exist in the post-nuclear area. Six types of contours for such areas are distinguished, plus one additional rising contour when there are no post-nuclear accents. Based on these findings, I present an account of the branching options for the phonological categories in the Stockholm Swedish prosodic hierarchy. I argue that there is evidence for recursive phonological structures in Stockholm Swedish, i.e. that a mother node and a daughter node can belong to the same phonological category. Also, Stockholm Swedish provides evidence for a distinction between prosodic coordination (equal sister nodes) and prosodic adjunction (unequal sister nodes). Prosodic structure is mapped onto syntactic structure via a set of variably ranked Optimality Theoretic constraints. The relation between phonological and syntactic structure shows that the phonology prefers prosodic coordination (equal sisters) over adjunction (unequal sisters). The material for the study comprises a corpus of approximately 420 read sentences, which were specifically designed to test various phonological hypotheses, and approximately 17 minutes of uncontrolled speech.

Αντικείμενο της παρούσης διδακτορικής διατριβής αποτελεί η μελέτη και μοντελοποίηση των φαινομένων επιτονισμού της Ελληνικής γλώσσας με εφαρμογές στην σύνθεση ομιλίας. Στα πλαίσια της διατριβής αυτής αναπτύχθηκαν πόροι ομιλίας και εργαλεία για την επεξεργασία και μελέτη προσωδιακών παραγόντων οι οποίοι επηρεάζουν την πληροφορία που μεταφέρεται μέσω του προφορικού λόγου. Για την διαχείρηση και επεξεργασία των παραπάνω πόρων υλοποιήθηκε πλατφόρμα μετατροπής κειμένου σε ομιλία βασισμένη στην συνένωση δομικών μονάδων ομιλίας. Για την μελέτη και την δημιουργία των μοντέλων μηχανικής μάθησης χρησιμοποιήθηκε η γλωσσολογική αναπαράσταση GRToBI των φαινομένων επιτονισμού. / In this thesis we cope with the task of studying and modeling prosodic phenomena encountered in Greek language with applications to the task of speech synthesis from tex. Thus, spoken corpora with various levels of morphosyntactical and linguistic representation as well as tools for their processing, we constructed. For the task of coding the emerged prosodic phenomena of our recorded utterences we have utilized the GRToBI annotation of speech.

The system of stressing pronouns is describing based on accentual characteristic of five morphemes. Three main – accentual might, accentual classification and accent, other – intonation and attraction – are subsidiary accentual characteristics of morphemes. Stressing of pronouns has no sixth – characteristic of vowel gradation. Accentual classification of primary pronouns is based on linguistic and pragmatic factors. There are three main stressing types: stable, unstable and individual. Almost for all primary pronouns, with few exceptions, characteristic weaker stem. Many primary pronouns has distinctive stressing. Primary pronouns are the most frequent. The most frequent pronoun in Lithuanian language is pronoun he. It is used different forms. Derivatives are classified taking into account formants of formation or accentual characteristics of other affixes. Between suffixal pronouns prevail strengthening and weakening stressed suffixes. Suffixal pronouns have suffixes of several types. From the respect of use suffixal pronouns are rare than primary, frequent pronouns are only few. Ending and compound pronouns are only few. It is rather hard to establish their regularity of accentual characteristics. For stressing pronouns it is important their component junction of morphemes. Stressing of pronouns, which grow together, depends on accentual characteristic of primary words. Many of pronouns, which grow together, are used very rare. The components of combinational pronouns... [to full text]

From a historical perspective, punctuation marks are often assumed to only represent some of the phonetic structure of the spoken form of that text. It has been argued recently that punctuation today is a linguistic system that not only represents some of the phonetic sentence structure but also syntactic as well as semantic information. One case in point is the observation that the semantic difference in differently punctuated parenthetical phrases is not reflected in the intonation contour. This study provides the acoustic evidence for this observation. Furthermore, this study makes recommendations to achieve natural-sounding text-to-speech output for English parentheticals by incorporating the study's findings with respect to parenthical intonation. The experiment conducted for this study involved three male and three female native speakers of Canadian English reading aloud a set of 20 sentences with parenthetical and non-parenthetical phrases. These sentences were analyzed with respect to acoustic characteristics due to differences in punctuation as well as due to differences between parenthetical and non-parenthetical phrases. A number of conclusions were drawn based on the results of the experiment: (1) a difference in punctuation, although entailing a semantic difference, is not reflected in the intonation pattern; (2) in contrast to the general understanding that parenthetical phrases are lower-leveled and narrower in pitch range than the surrounding sentence, this study shows that it is not the parenthetical phrase itself that is implemented differently from its non-parenthetical counterpart; rather, the phrase that precedes the parenthetical exhibits a lower baseline and with that a wider pitch range than the corresponding phrase in a non-parenthetical sentence; (3) sentences with two adjacent parenthetical phrases or one embedded in the other exhibit the same pattern for the parenthetical-preceding phrase as the sentences in (2) above and a narrowed pitch range for the parenthetical phrases that are not in the final position of the sequence of parentheticals; (4) no pausing pattern could be found; (5) the characteristics found for parenthetical phrases can be implemented in synthesized speech through the use of SABLE speech markup as part of the SABLE speech synthesis system. This is the first time that the connection between punctuation and intonation in parenthetical sentences has been investigated; it is also the first look at sentences with more than one parenthetical phrase. This study contributes to our understanding of the intonation of parenthetical phrases in English and their implementation in text-to-speech systems, by providing an analysis of their acoustic characteristics.

Orientador: Charlotte Marie Chambelland Galves / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T18:18:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_FlavianeRomani_D.pdf: 14839262 bytes, checksum: c392914eaa58b1175a0db11bab76cde4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O presente trabalho, desenvolvido no âmbito da interface sintaxefonologia, consiste num estudo comparativo das construções de focalização em português brasileiro (doravante, PB) e em português europeu (doravante, PE) na expressão do foco informacional do elemento 'sujeito¿. A hipótese que buscamos confirmar ou infirmar neste estudo é a de que as diferentes formas de expressão do foco informacional do sujeito realizadas em PB e PE, além de estarem relacionadas a questões de natureza sintática, como à fixação do parâmetro prodrop, como afirmam Nespor & Guasti (2002) para as línguas em geral, também estão relacionadas a questões de natureza prosódica, como, por exemplo, o peso fonológico dos constituintes nas sentenças. Os resultados alcançados nesta tese mostram que tanto em PE, como em PB, restrições de peso fonológico atuam na escolha por determinada forma de focalização informacional do sujeito. Todavia, ainda mostram que, em PE, requisitos fonológicos relacionados ao alinhamento da proeminência do elemento focalizado com a proeminência principal de sentença podem também ser satisfeitos através do reordenamento de constituintes ou do uso de estruturas pseudoclivadas, por exemplo. Diferentemente do PE, o PB, dadas as particularidades de sua gramática, não se vale destes mesmos artifícios. Em PB, ocorre preferencialmente o uso de sentenças na ordem SV(O) com o sujeito portando a proeminência principal da sentença ou o uso de sentenças clivadas e clivadas invertidas. Quanto à primeira estratégia de focalização, ainda que o PE também possa se utilizar dela, nossos resultados indicam que as duas variedades de português apresentam diferenças quanto à posição sintática ocupada pelo sujeito focalizado. Enquanto este elemento se encontra na posição de especificador de TP em PE, em PB, ele se encontra fora de TP. Tal afirmação encontra respaldo na estrutura entoacional diferente associada a este tipo de sentença nas duas variedades / Abstract: Taking into account the syntaxphonology interface, this thesis compares subject focalization constructions in Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth, BP) and European Portuguese (henceforth, BP). This study aimed to confirm or infirm the hypothesis that the di erences between BP and EP derive from prosodic aspects of sentences, e.g., the phonologicalweightofconstituents,asidefromsyntacticpropertiesof thetwo languages, e.g., the nu subject parameter se ing (cf. Nespor & Guasti, 2002). Our results show that phonological weight constrains play an important role in both Portuguese varieties.Furthermore, our results also indicate that the phonologicalrequirementofalignment betweenthefocusprominenceand the sentence principal prominence may be satisfied in EP, for example, through reordering of constituents or pseudoclefts sentences. Due to particularities of BP grammar, these strategies are not available in BP. In this language, two solutions are available: (i) the preverbal subject ca ies the sentence principal prominence; and ( ) the use of cleft sentences and inversecleft sentences. Although strategy (i) is also used in EP, our results reveal that, in SV(O) sentences with focalized subject, the subject occupies di erent syntactical positions in the two varieties. Whereas the focalized subject occupies the TP specifier position in EP, in BP, this same element is out of TP.Evidence for this claim is provided by the di erent intonational structure type associated with this kind of sentences in the two languages / Doutorado / Doutor em Linguística

Orientador: Plinio Almeida Barbosa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T08:38:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucente_Luciana_M.pdf: 1562872 bytes, checksum: cecd73e055b7a0b7fcc5741425c84c3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O sistema de notação entoacional proposto para o português brasileiro (PB) inserido inicialmente no programa de investigação científica da fonologia entoacional, utilizava para a descrição da entoação do PB uma adaptação da notação que propõe este modelo, que consiste em uma notação linear, baseada em aspectos formais da curva entoacional. Este programa adota como pressuposto fundamental a representação fonológica de parâmetros acústicos contínuos, preservada pela ação de primitivos melódicos como o alvo/tom a ser atingido, o registro funcional dos tons e o alinhamento abstrato entre curva entoacional e material lingüístico. O emprego de tal sistema para a notação de um corpus de fala espontânea do PB, em substituição a um corpus de fala semi-espontânea, se mostrou pouco produtivo e apontou para a necessidade de um sistema que combinasse aspectos formais e funcionais em sua descrição. Esse fato justificou a inserção do sistema de notação entoacional do PB em um programa de investigação científica dinâmico-entoacional, que propõe uma notação dinâmica e funcional, tendo como pressuposto fundamental a ausência de representações fonológicas, apresentando como primitivos melódicos os contornos entoacionais, a gama de variação tonal e o alinhamento específico entre curva e material lingüístico. A notação entoacional definida para o PB nesse novo paradigma por meio do sistema DaTo ¿ Dynamical Tones of Brazilian Portuguese - propõe a descrição do foco na entoação segundo a noção de contornos/tons dinâmicos, ao invés de utilizar o conceito de tons isolados para tanto, assumindo que a entoação e o foco no PB são produzidos por um sistema dinâmico integrado, que alia produção e articulação / Abstract: The intonational annotation system proposed to Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth BP) was initially inserted in the intonational phonology research program. The BP annotation system used an adaptation of the phonological annotation, which consists in a linear annotation, based on formal aspects of the intonational curve. This research program adopts as fundamental basis the phonological representation of continuum acoustic parameters, preserved by the action of melodical primitives as targets, the functional register and the abstract alignment between the intonational curve and the linguistics material. The application of these parameters to the annotation of spontaneous speech in BP was not productive, and pointed out the necessity of a new annotation that combines formal and functional features on the description. This necessity justified the adoption of a new annotation in a new research program, the dynamical program. This paradigm adopts as fundamental basis the absence of phonological representations, presenting as melodic primitives the intonational contours, the speech range and the specific alignment between the intonational curve and the linguistic material. The BP dynamical intonational annotation, called DaTo ¿ Dynamic Tones of Brazilian Portuguese ¿, proposes the focus description following the concept of dynamic contours, rather than the isolated tones concept, assuming that the intonation and focus in BP are produced by a dynamical system that ally phonation and articulation / Mestrado / Mestre em Linguística