Magister Chirurgiae Dentium - MChD / Measurements and a variety of analyses of dental casts are essential for precise diagnosis of an orthodontic case. Study models have long been an essential part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Currently virtual computerized models are available to clinicians, supplemented by dedicated software for performing needed measurements (Zilberman et al, 2003). Digital impression methods are now available and intraoral digital scanning techniques make it possible to generate study models directly from the scanning of the dentition. The aim of this study was to compare measurements taken after scanning the dental impressions to the measurements obtained from using direct intraoral scanning of the dentition. Alginate impressions of the maxillary and mandibular dentitions were taken on 20 patients and these impressions were scanned using a 3 Shape R 700 TM scanner. Direct intraoral scans of both dentitions were then performed for the same patient. Ortho analyzer TM software was used to measure the mesiodistal widths of individual teeth, and the intercanine and intermolar on digital models of the scanned impressions and digital models obtained from direct intraoral scans of the maxillary and the mandibular dentitions. The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between mesiodistal widths, and intercanine and intermolar distances between the two techniques (p > 0.05). Because of the high level of accuracy of the virtual measurements compared to those of the scanned impressions, it can be concluded that direct intraoral scanning of the dentition can be used with confidence in the clinical situation to measure tooth sizes and inter-arch distances for orthodontic purposes. Orthodontists commonly use models for various areas in the practice, clinical research and medico-legal documentation (Marcel, 2001)

Thesis (doctoral)--Lunds universitet, Malmö, 1981. / Includes the author's five published papers. Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Dental radiography is one of the most frequent types of diagnostic radiological investigations performed. The equipment and techniques used are constantly evolving. However, dental healthcare has long been an area neglected by radiation safety legislation and the medical physicist community, and thus, the quality assurance (QA) regime needs an update. This project aimed to implement and evaluate objective tests of key image quality parameters for intra-oral (IO) X-ray images. The image quality parameters assessed were sensitivity, noise, uniformity, low-contrast resolution, and spatial resolution. These parameters were evaluated for repeatability at typical tube current, voltage, and exposure time settings by computing the coefficient of variation (CV) of the mean value of each parameter from multiple images. A further aim was to develop a semi-quantitative test for the correct alignment of the position indicating device (PID) with the primary collimator. The overall purpose of this thesis was to look at ways to improve the QA of IO X-rays systems by digitizing and automating part of the process. A single image receptor and an X-ray tube were used in this study. Incident doses at the receptor were measured using a radiation meter. The relationship between incident dose at the receptor and the output signal was used to determine the signal transfer curve for the receptor. The principal sources of noise in the practical exposure range of the system were investigated using a separation of noise sources based upon variance. The transfer curve of the receptor was found to be linear. Noise separation showed that quantum noise was the dominant noise. Repeatability of the image quality parameters assessed was found to be acceptable. The CV for sensitivity was less than 3%, while that for noise was less than 1%. For the uniformity measured at the center, the CV was less than 10%, while the CV was less than 5% for the uniformity measured at the edge. The low-contrast resolution varied the most at all exposure settings investigated with CV between 6 - 13%. Finally, the CV for the spatial resolution parameters was less than 5%. The method described to test for the correct alignment of the PID with the primary collimator was found to be practical and easy to interpret manually. The tests described here were implemented for a specific sensor and X-ray tube combination, but the methods could easily be adapted for different systems by simply adjusting certain parameters.

Measurements of intraoral pressure (IOP) and sound pressure level (SPL) were taken of four oboists as they performed two sets of musical exercises: (1) crescendo-decrescendo from pp to ff and back to pp on the pitches D4, G4, C5 and A5, and (2) straight and vibrato performances of the same four pitches at mf. Video images of the vocal tract were also made using flexible fiberoptic nasoendoscopy (FFN). IOP and SPL data were captured in real time by the WinDaq®/Lite software package, with the dB meter located 8-9 inches in directly front of the oboe bell. The study yielded minimum and maximum values from 21.04 to 57.81 mm Hg and from 65.53 to 100.89 dB across all pitches examined. Discussion is included for the following topics: (1) the oboe’s sound envelope, or functional range of IOP and SPL values at different pitch levels, including the nonlinearity in the relationship between IOP and SPL on the oboe, (2) the static activation and kinetic maintenance thresholds for reed vibration, (3) the effect of vibrato on IOP/SPL, (4) the utilization of the vocal tract during execution of dynamic changes and vibrato, and (5) the impact of player experience on control of physical variables.

No description available.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2015. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-06-15T17:46:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_AlessandraCristinadePaulaSilveira.pdf: 50764459 bytes, checksum: c573778d4cd0c33649569da7b6770459 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-07-21T16:48:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_AlessandraCristinadePaulaSilveira.pdf: 50764459 bytes, checksum: c573778d4cd0c33649569da7b6770459 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T16:48:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_AlessandraCristinadePaulaSilveira.pdf: 50764459 bytes, checksum: c573778d4cd0c33649569da7b6770459 (MD5) / O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliara adaptação marginal e interna de coroas totais obtidas a partir de blocos pré-fabricados de Lava Ultimate 3M ESPE (resina nanocerâmica) e IPS e.max CAD IvoclarVivadent(cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio) com dois tipos de moldagem digital, câmera intraoralBluecam e câmera intraoralOmnicam, por meio do microtomógrafo. Métodos: Dez terceiros molares humanos hígidos foram preparados para receber coroas totais. Para cada molar preparado, foram realizadas duas impressões ópticas, uma com a Bluecam e a outra com a Omnicam, onde foram fresadas quatro diferentes coroas. Os quatro grupos formados foram: Grupo1 (Lava Ultimate+Bluecam); Grupo 2 (Emax+Bluecam); Grupo 3 (Lava Ultimate+Omnicam); Grupo 4 (Emax+Omnicam). A avaliação da adaptação marginal e interna sem ajuste foi realizada com a simulação da cimentação de cada coroa em seu respectivo dente com um silicone leve. O conjunto foi levado a um microtomógrafo e a discrepância marginal foi avaliada bidimensional e tridimensional para as variáveis gap axial (GA), gap oclusal (GO), gap marginal (GM), desadaptação marginal absoluta (DMA) e desadaptação entre a coroa e preparo (DCP). A significância estatística foi avaliada com o teste Shapiro-Wilk e ANOVA (p <0.05). O teste de Tukey como post hoc associado com a correção de Bonferroni, e Kruskal Wallis (p<0.05) com Mann-Whitney, como post hoc associado com a correção de Bonferroni para ajuste de múltiplas comparações.Resultados: As câmeras Bluecam e Omnicam, não foram observadas diferenças significativas para as variáveis GA (p= 0.2325) e GO ( p= 0.1400). Para Lava Ultimate e Emax-cad, não foram observadas diferenças significativas para GA (p=0.9495). No entanto para GO, o material resinoso apresentou valores significativamente menores que o material cerâmico (p=0.0026). Para GM e DMA não indicou diferença significativa entre os grupos (p=0.8018). Para análise 3D, observou-se diferenças significativas entre as câmeras para a variável DCP (p=0.0212), sendo que a Bluecam apresentou os menores valores. Para o Lava Ultimate e Emax-cad, também foram observadas diferenças significativas para variável DCP, sendo que o material resinoso apresentou valores significativamente menores que o material cerâmico (p=0.0052). Conclusão: As adaptações marginais avaliadas de todos os grupos apresentaram valores dentro da normalidade. Observou-se uma melhor adaptação das coroas fabricadas com Lava Ultimate associado à câmera Bluecam quando comparado aos grupos em que a câmera Omnicam foi usada. O uso do microtomógrafo permitiu a avaliação 2D e 3D da desadaptação marginal entre o preparo dental e a restauração. / The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the quality of marginal and internal fit of full-crowns obtained from pre-fabricated blocks of Lava Ultimate 3M ESPE (nanoceramic resin) and IPS e.max CAD (lithium disilicate ceramic) with two intraoral cameras, Bluecam and OmniCam, usingmicro-tomography. Methods: Ten healthy human third molars were prepared to receive crowns. For each prepared molar, there were two digital impressions, one with Bluecam and the other with OmniCam. Four groups were formed: Group 1 (Lava Ultimate +Bluecam); Group 2 (Emax+Bluecam); Group 3 (Lava Ultimate+OmniCam); Group 4 (Emax+OmniCam). Before measuring the fit precision, all crowns were stabilized with a silicone material. After, each unit (crown + prepared tooth) was taken to the μCT and the marginal and internal discrepancy was analyzed by different software. A total of 120 measurements were performed in each crown: 40 for axial gap (GA), 40 for oclusal gap (GO), 20 for marginal gap (GM) e 20 for absolute marginal discrepancy (DMA). Results: Regarding internal adaptation, group 1 showed better GA values associated with lower value GO; while Group 4 showed low values of GA, but with high-value GO, thus suggesting the presence of premature contacts in the axial walls preventing better fit precision. Regarding marginal adaptation, no significant differences were observed. In assessing the mismatch between the crown and preparation (DCP) by the 3-D reconstruction, Group 1 presented significantly lower values as compared to groups 3 and 4. Conclusion: The marginal adaptations assessed in all groups showed values within the normal range. Moreover, the nanoceramic resin associated with the Bluecam intraoral showed the best results for marginal and internal adaptation when compared to the groups that used the Omnicam camera. The use of μCT provided a high resolution evaluation of marginal and internal gaps between tooth preparation and restoration, with a 2-D and 3-D assessment.

Syfte: Genomföra en systematisk litteraturöversikt för att värdera och summera studier gjorda på trådlös intraoral pH-mätning. Material och metod: Litteraturundersökningen följde PRISMA Guidelines och sökningar gjordes med en på förhand definierad söksträng i tre olika databaser, PubMed, Web of Science och IEEE. Sökningen gjordes 2021-04-30. Inklusions- och exklusionskriterer togs fram och resultaten behandlades av två oberoende granskare. Resultat: Sökningen resulterade i 449 sökträffar varav fem artiklar inkluderades i den systematiska litteraturöversikten. pH-mätningarna skedde på tre olika platser i munnen, palatinalt, buckalt och lingualt. Två olika sensorer användes, antimonelektrod och iridiumoxidelektrod. I studierna varierade det uppmätta pH:t mellan 2,9 som lägst och 9,2 som högst. Sensorerna kalibrerades i samtliga studier genom att doppas i olika buffertlösningar. Tre olika metoder för att avläsa data användes. Mättiderna varierade mellan 7,5 och 24 h. Antalet testpersoner varierade mellan en och elva personer. Slutsats: Det saknas tillräckligt underlag för att dra en slutsats om huruvida det finns en metod som är mest lämpad för att monitorera intraoralt pH trådlöst. De granskade artiklarna visar lovande resultat för trådlös intraoral pH-mätning men det krävs fler och mer omfattande studier för att utvärdera de olika metodernas tillförlitlighet. / Aim: This systematic review aims to evaluate studies with focus on wireless intraoral pH monitoring. Material and method: The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. The search was completed with a constructed search strain in three different databases: PubMed, Web of Science and IEEE. The search was performed 2021-04-30. Inclusion- and exclusion criteria were produced and the results were reviewed by two independent reviewers. Result: The search produced 449 hits out of which five studies were included in the systematic review. The sensors were placed in three different intra-oral positions: palatinal, buccal and lingual. Two different kinds of sensors were used, an antimony electrode and an iridium-oxide sensor. The pH values differed between 2,9 at lowest and 9,2 at highest throughout the experiments. In order to calibrate the sensors they were submerged into buffer solutions. Three different methods for data extraction were used. The experiments were carried out in a time frame spanning from 7,5 to 24 hours. The number of study participants varied between 1 to 11 persons. Conclusion: The previous research data covering the specific field is insufficient regarding the possibility to draw a conclusion about whether there exists a method best suited to monitor intra-oral pH wirelessly. The methods presented in the systematic review show promising functionality but there is need for further research on the topic in order to evaluate the different methods accuracy.

No description available.

A população idosa possui alta prevalência de edentulismo e, conseqüentemente, é afetada pelos problemas a ele associados. A perda da dimensão vertical de oclusão (DVO) é um destes problemas que compromete, entre outros fatores, o desempenho do sistema estomatognático. Logo, doenças relacionadas ao colapso da musculatura da via aérea superior (VAS), como a síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS), tornam-se enfermidades relevantes para pacientes nesta faixa etária. Sendo assim, medidas terapêuticas eficazes e de baixo custo, como a utilização de aparelhos intraorais (AIOs) para liberação do fluxo aéreo, podem ser empregadas contribuindo para a qualidade do sono destes pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros subjetivos e objetivos do sono, em 10 pacientes idosos portadores de Próteses totais (PTs) bimaxilares, após a utilização de novas PTs confeccionadas no Programa Envelhecer Sorrindo e após o uso de dois AIOs: um dispositivo intraoral (DIO), especialmente desenvolvido para aumentar a DVO sem provocar avanço mandibular, e um aparelho de avanço mandibular (AAM). Para isso, questionários de rastreamento da qualidade do sono e polissonografias (PSGs) foram realizados, em quatro momentos distintos: sem as PTs, com as PTs, com o DIO e com o AAM. Foram realizadas, também, telerradiografias em norma lateral (TNL) dos pacientes com as PTs, com o DIO e com o AAM a fim de avaliar alterações no diâmetro da VAS e o posicionamento mandibular nesses três momentos. Concluiu-se que, o AAM testado promove maior porcentagem de sono no estágio 1, podendo contribuir para a melhora na qualidade subjetiva do sono dos pacientes, uma vez que ajudou a diminuir o tempo necessário para iniciar o sono, além de facilitar a manutenção do estado de vigília. / There is a high prevalence of edentulism and problems associated to it in the elderly population. A decrease in vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) is one of these problems that may compromise the stomatognathic system. Therefore, it is important to investigate diseases related to upper airway (UA) musculature collapse, such as the syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS). Therapeutic measures of low cost and high efficacy, such as intraoral appliances (IAs) to release the air flow may be employed, contributing to patients sleep quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate subjective and objective sleep parameters in 10 elderly patients who wore maxilar and mandibular complete dentures (CD). The analyses were performed after the use of a new pair of CD and after using two IAs: an intraoral device (ID), especially developed to increase the VDO without causing mandibular advance, and a mandibular advance device (MAD). For this purpose, questionnaires and polysomnography (PSG) were performed in four distinct stages: patients not wearing CD, wearing CD, wearing ID and wearing MAD. In addition, lateral cephalograms (LC) of patients wearing FD, wearing ID and wearing MAD were performed to assess changes in UAs diameter and in the mandibular positioning. It was concluded that the MAD tested promotes higher percentage of stage 1 sleep and and may contribute to the improvement in patients subjective sleep quality, as it helped to decrease the time needed to fall asleep, and facilitate the maintenance of wakefulness.

<p>The oral sensory ability in children can be assessed through test of intraoral stereognosis and two-point discrimination. Currently, these two tests are not frequently used in clinical settings, and normative data are not always available. The aim of this study was to establish normative data for these two tests in children aged 5;6 to 7;0 years. Further, intention was to compare the results with respect to age and gender. In total 103 children participated, 49 boys and 54 girls. The participants were divided into three age-groups. The results regarding intraoral stereognosis showed significant differences between genders, where boys performed poorer than girls. Differences between two of the three age-groups could also be established. The results show that an improvement can be expected in children six years and older.</p><p>Regarding two-point discrimination 73 of the 103 children performed perfectly. The remaining children’s scores were also consistently high. No differences between gender and age were found.</p><p>There was no correlation between the test results of intraoral stereognosis and two-point discrimination. Therefore it would be necessary to perform both these tests in assessment, since they probably examine two separate aspects of the oral sensory ability.</p><p> </p> / <p>Oral sensorisk förmåga hos barn kan bland annat utredas genom test av intraoral stereognosi och tvåpunktsdiskrimination. Dessa två test är i nuläget inte särskilt kliniskt utbredda, och normvärden saknas ofta. Föreliggande studie syftade till att fastställa normvärden för dessa två test hos barn mellan 5;6 och 7;0 år. Vidare jämfördes även testresultaten med avseende på åldersgrupp och kön. 103 barn deltog i studien, varav 49 var pojkar och 54 var flickor. Deltagarna delades in i tre åldersgrupper. Resultatet visade signifikanta könsskillnader på test av intraoral stereognosi, där pojkarnas resultat var något sämre än flickornas. Även skillnader mellan två av åldersgrupperna konstaterades gällande intraoral stereognosi. Resultatet visar att en förbättring på testet kan förväntas då barnen har fyllt sex år.</p><p>Angående test av tvåpunktsdiskrimination klarade 73 av de 103 barnen testet felfritt, och överlag presterade barnen mycket bra på testet. Inga skillnader mellan kön eller åldersgrupper noterades beträffande test av tvåpunktsdiskrimination.</p><p>Testresultaten av intraoral stereognosi och tvåpunktsdiskrimination korrelerade inte. Därför är det sannolikt nödvändigt att i utredning utföra båda testen, eftersom det kan röra sig om två olika aspekter av intraoral sensorik.</p><p> </p>