<p>The effect of direction thrombin inhibition on acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) stability has not been defined and could contribute to pulmonary embolism (PE) risk. Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) effectively inhibit free and clot-bound thrombin, which could potentiate thrombus instability through disruption of platelet, fibrin, and FXIIIa stabilizing mechanisms. This could manifest as increased thrombus embolization. A clinically relevant mouse model of DVT stability could further our understanding of venous thrombosis pathophysiology and define the effect of direct thrombin inhibition on PE. We hypothesized that acute DTI administration would decrease acute DVT stability and potentially increase PE risk. Platelets were labeled <em>in vivo</em>, femoral vein thrombosis was induced using FeCl₃, and lepirudin (8U/g) was administered <em>after</em> clot formation. Using intravital videomicroscopy (IVM), real time embolization was quantified as a measurement of thrombus stability. Thrombus stability increased in the control group and decreased in the lepirudin-treated group over two hours. The decrease in α₂-antiplasmin (α₂-AP) content within lepirudin-treated thrombi, compared to control thrombi, could possibly contribute to the observed decrease in thrombus stability. Continued growth and embolization established the dynamic nature of formed thrombi. In both groups, emboli were detected in the pulmonary artery circulation. Therefore, we successfully developed a mouse model of venous thrombus stability, which imitated the clinical progression of DVT to PE. DTI administration in the acute DVT setting could decrease thrombus stability, demonstrated through increased embolization and PE. This model could be useful in examining the effect of other antithrombotics and risk factors settings on DVT stability.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

L’objectif principal de ce travail de thèse a été de caractériser les effets de l’anti-VEGF Bevacizumab (Avastin) sur le réseau vasculaire tumoral in vivo, au cours du temps, à l’aide du modèle de la chambre dorsale chez la souris nude. Les images du réseau vasculaire tumoral acquises par microscopie intravitale ont été analysées par un algorithme de traitement d’images développé au sein de notre équipe, permettant de mettre en évidence les modifications morphologiques induites par le traitement et d’isoler des paramètres discriminants de la « normalisation » vasculaire, par comparaison à un réseau vasculaire sain. La période de « normalisation » vasculaire détectée par notre outil a été confortée par l’analyse de la fonctionnalité des vaisseaux sanguins au cours du temps, in vivo et par une analyse immunohistochimique des vaisseaux sanguins tumoraux et du tissu tumoral. A travers des essais préliminaires in vivo, en regard des résultats de ce travail concernant une fenêtre de "normalisation", nous avons cherché à vérifier l'hypothèse d'un bénéfice d'un traitement anti-VEGF préalablement à la thérapie photodynamique (PDT) sur des tumeurs de glioblastome xénogreffées en sous-cutané et en chambre dorsale. L'efficacité de la PDT est décrite comme étant dépendante d'une d'oxygénation tumorale suffisante et d'une distribution maximale de l'agent photosensibilisant au coeur des tumeurs. Parallèlement à ces travaux, nous avons cherché en équipe pluridiscilinaire à développer un modèle mathématique de la réponse au bevacizumab à partir de données biologiques réelles obtenues sur le même modèle in vivo et permettant pour l'avenir de simuler les réponses à différentes doses et différentes durées de traitement, toujours à des fins d'optimisation des protocoles thérapeutiques / The main aim of this work was to characterize the effects of the anti-VEGF Bevacizumab (Avastin) on the tumor vascular network, in vivo, over time, thanks to the skin fold chamber model on the nude mouse. Images of the vascular network obtained using intravital microscopy were analyzed par a dedicated image processing algorithm developed within our research team, allowing to highlight the morphological modifications induced by the treatment and to isolate discriminating parameters of the vascular "normalization", by comparison to healthy vascular networks. Le vascular "normalization" period detected with our tool was comforted by the analysis of the functionality of the blood vessels over time, in vivo and by an immunohistochemical analysis of the blood vessels and of the tumor tissue. In preliminary in vivo experiments, we tried to verify the hypothesis of the benefits of an anti-VEGF treatment prior to photodynamic therapy (PDT) on glioblastoma xenografts implanted subcutaneously or in the skin fold chamber. The efficacy of PDT is described as being dependent on tumor oxygenation and on the distribution of the photosensitizing agent within the tumor. In paralel to this work, we tried as a pluridisciplinary team to develop a mathematical model of the tumor response to bevacizumab using biological data obtained on the same in vivo model et that will allow in the future to simulate the response for different doses and different treatment durations, for the optimization of therapeutic protocols

<p>The gastric mucosa is frequently exposed to endogenously secreted hydrochloric acid of high acidity. Gastric mucosal defense mechanisms are arranged at different levels of the gastric mucosa and must work in unison to maintain its integrity. </p><p>In this thesis, several mechanisms underlying gastric mucosal resistance to strong acid were investigated in anesthetized rats and mice. The main findings were as follows:</p><p>Only when acid secretion occurred did the pH gradient in the mucus gel withstand back-diffusion of luminal acid (100 mM or 155 mM HCl), and keep the juxtamucosal pH (pH_jm) neutral. Thus, when no acid secretion occurred and the luminal pH was 0.8-1, the pH gradient was destroyed. </p><p>Bicarbonate ions, produced concomitant with hydrogen ions in the parietal cells during acid secretion and blood-borne to the surface epithelium, were carried transepithelially through a DIDS-sensitive transport. </p><p>Prostaglandin-dependent bicarbonate secretion seemed to be less important in maintaining a neutral pH_jm. </p><p>Removal of the loosely adherent mucus layer did not influence the maintenance of the pH_jm. Hence, only the firmly adherent mucus gel layer, approximately 80µm thick, seemed to be important for the pH_jm. </p><p>Staining of the mucus gel with a pH-sensitive dye revealed that secreted acid penetrated the mucus gel from the crypt openings toward the gastric lumen only in restricted paths (channels). One crypt opening was attached to one channel, and the channel was irreversibly formed during acid secretion. </p><p>Gastric mucosal blood flow increased on application of strong luminal acid (155 mM HCl). This acid-induced hyperemia involved the inducible but not the neural isoform of nitric oxide synthase. These results suggest a novel role for iNOS in gastric mucosal protection and indicate that iNOS is constitutively expressed in the gastric mucosa. </p><p>It is concluded that a pH gradient in the gastric mucus gel can be maintained during ongoing acid secretion, since the acid penetrates the mucus only in restricted channels and bicarbonate is carried from the blood to the lumen via a DIDS-sensitive transporter.</p>

The gastric mucosa is frequently exposed to endogenously secreted hydrochloric acid of high acidity. Gastric mucosal defense mechanisms are arranged at different levels of the gastric mucosa and must work in unison to maintain its integrity. In this thesis, several mechanisms underlying gastric mucosal resistance to strong acid were investigated in anesthetized rats and mice. The main findings were as follows: Only when acid secretion occurred did the pH gradient in the mucus gel withstand back-diffusion of luminal acid (100 mM or 155 mM HCl), and keep the juxtamucosal pH (pHjm) neutral. Thus, when no acid secretion occurred and the luminal pH was 0.8-1, the pH gradient was destroyed. Bicarbonate ions, produced concomitant with hydrogen ions in the parietal cells during acid secretion and blood-borne to the surface epithelium, were carried transepithelially through a DIDS-sensitive transport. Prostaglandin-dependent bicarbonate secretion seemed to be less important in maintaining a neutral pHjm. Removal of the loosely adherent mucus layer did not influence the maintenance of the pHjm. Hence, only the firmly adherent mucus gel layer, approximately 80µm thick, seemed to be important for the pHjm. Staining of the mucus gel with a pH-sensitive dye revealed that secreted acid penetrated the mucus gel from the crypt openings toward the gastric lumen only in restricted paths (channels). One crypt opening was attached to one channel, and the channel was irreversibly formed during acid secretion. Gastric mucosal blood flow increased on application of strong luminal acid (155 mM HCl). This acid-induced hyperemia involved the inducible but not the neural isoform of nitric oxide synthase. These results suggest a novel role for iNOS in gastric mucosal protection and indicate that iNOS is constitutively expressed in the gastric mucosa. It is concluded that a pH gradient in the gastric mucus gel can be maintained during ongoing acid secretion, since the acid penetrates the mucus only in restricted channels and bicarbonate is carried from the blood to the lumen via a DIDS-sensitive transporter.

A terapia celular para doenças cardiovasculares representa uma nova e promissora opção terapêutica, principalmente para a cardiopatia isquêmica. A injeção de células mononucleares de medula óssea (CMMO) pela via intracoronariana (ICO) é a mais estudada em ensaios clínicos. Embora já se tenha documentado efeitos benéficos com essa terapia, dados relativos aos mecanismos de interação entre as células transplantadas e o ambiente microvascular cardíaco são escassos. A avaliação das CMMO na microcirculação miocárdica tem o potencial de esclarecer seus mecanismos de ação, abrindo novas possibilidades terapêuticas. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever e avaliar uma inovadora técnica de injeção ICO direta e visualização in vivo das CMMO na microcirculação miocárdica de pequenos roedores, após um período de isquemia miocárdica global (IMG) seguida de reperfusão, na presença e na ausência da aterosclerose. Materiais e Métodos: A técnica de transplante cardíaco heterotópico cervical (TCHC) em murinos foi modificada com a inserção e fixação de um microcateter conectado a uma seringa, no tronco braquiocefálico do animal doador. IMG foi induzida ocluindo-se a artéria nutridora do enxerto com um microclamp vascular, por 1 hora. As CMMO foram isoladas e marcadas antes da injeção ICO. Microscopia intravital de fluorescência (MIF) foi usada para análise da microcirculação coronariana do ventrículo direito (VD), incluindo arteríolas, capilares e vênulas pós-capilares. Parâmetros de perfusão e permeabilidade microvasculares e as interações entre as CMMO e células endoteliais foram estudados. O impacto da aterosclerose na recuperação, fenótipo e função celular também foi avaliado. Resultado: A MIF permitiu análise detalhada da microcirculação coronariana e da cinética das CMMO injetadas pela via ICO. A IMG afetou a microcirculação, reduzindo a densidade capilar funcional (DCF). Tal redução foi maior na presença de aterosclerose. A principal área de retenção celular foi a rede capilar e não as arteríolas ou vênulas. Nem a presença de isquemia, nem de aterosclerose alterou o número de células retidas. O número de CMMO retidas não aumentou na presença de isquemia, nem de aterosclerose e não se correlacionou com a perfusão microvascular ou inflamação prévios à injeção. Houve forte correlação entre o número de CMMO retidas e a expressão de CXCR4. A injeção de CMMO não afetou negativamente a DCF e a microcirculação. Aterosclerose não alterou o número de CMMO obtidas após isolamento por gradiente de Ficoll. A expressão de CD54 estava reduzida em camundongos ApoE-/-. CMMO de doadores ateroscleróticos geraram um número aumentado de unidades formadoras de colônias de granulócitos e macrófagos. A análise ecocardiográfica da função do VD do enxerto cardíaco cervical foi exeqüível. Conclusões: A injeção ICO direta e a visualização detalhada da cinética das CMMO na microcirculação coronária in vivo por MIF foi possível. A IMG provocou redução da densidade capilar funcional. A retenção das CMMO após injeção ICO se deu nos capilares e provavelmente depende da expressão de CXCR4. / Cell therapy for cardiovascular disease represents a promising new therapeutic option, especially for ischemic heart disease. The intracoronary (ICo) injection of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) is the most commonly studied rote in clinical trials. Although it has been documented beneficial effects with this therapy, data pertaining the mechanisms of interaction between transplanted cells and cardiac microvascular environment are lacking. Assessment of BMMC in myocardial microcirculation has the potential to clarify its mechanisms of action, opening new therapeutic possibilities. The objective of the study was to describe and to evaluate an innovative technique of direct ICo injection and in vivo visualization of BMMC in myocardial small rodents, after a period of global cardiac ischemia (GMI) and reperfusion, in the presence and absence of atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: The syngeneic murine cervical heterotopic heart transplantation (CHHT) technique was modified by inserting and fixing a catheter connected to a syringe into the donor animal brachiocephalic trunk. GMI was induced occluding the nutritive artery of the graft for 1 hour. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated and labeled prior to ICo injection. Intravital fluorescence microscopy (IFM) was used for analysis of the coronary microcirculation of the right ventricle (RV), including arterioles, capillaries and venules. Parameters of microvascular perfusion, microvascular permeability and the interactions between the BMMC and endothelial cells were studied. The impact of atherosclerosis on the recovery, phenotype and cellular function was also evaluated. Results: The IFM has allowed detailed analysis of both the coronary microcirculation, as the kinetics of BMMC. The GMI affected microcirculation, reducing the functional capillary density (FCD). This reduction was higher in the presence of atherosclerosis. The main area of cell retention was the capillary network, not the arterioles or venules. The number of BMMC retained was not increased in the presence of ischemia, neither of atherosclerosis and didnt correlate with microvascular perfusion or inflammation before injection. Cell retention was strongly correlated with BMMC expression of CXCR4. BMMC injection didnt affect negatively the FCD and microcirculation. Atherosclerosis didnt change the number of BMMC recovered after Ficoll gradient isolation. BMMC expression of CD54 was reduced in ApoE-/- mice. BMMC of atherosclerotic donors have generated a greater number of colony forming units of granulocytes and macrophages. The RV function analyses of the cardiac graft could be performed by echocardiography. Conclusions: The direct ICo injection and detailed visualization of BMMC kinetics in the coronary microcirculation in vivo was possible. The IRCG caused reduction of functional capillary density. Retention BMMC after ICo injection occurred in the capillaries and probably depends on the expression of CXCR4.

A terapia celular para doenças cardiovasculares representa uma nova e promissora opção terapêutica, principalmente para a cardiopatia isquêmica. A injeção de células mononucleares de medula óssea (CMMO) pela via intracoronariana (ICO) é a mais estudada em ensaios clínicos. Embora já se tenha documentado efeitos benéficos com essa terapia, dados relativos aos mecanismos de interação entre as células transplantadas e o ambiente microvascular cardíaco são escassos. A avaliação das CMMO na microcirculação miocárdica tem o potencial de esclarecer seus mecanismos de ação, abrindo novas possibilidades terapêuticas. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever e avaliar uma inovadora técnica de injeção ICO direta e visualização in vivo das CMMO na microcirculação miocárdica de pequenos roedores, após um período de isquemia miocárdica global (IMG) seguida de reperfusão, na presença e na ausência da aterosclerose. Materiais e Métodos: A técnica de transplante cardíaco heterotópico cervical (TCHC) em murinos foi modificada com a inserção e fixação de um microcateter conectado a uma seringa, no tronco braquiocefálico do animal doador. IMG foi induzida ocluindo-se a artéria nutridora do enxerto com um microclamp vascular, por 1 hora. As CMMO foram isoladas e marcadas antes da injeção ICO. Microscopia intravital de fluorescência (MIF) foi usada para análise da microcirculação coronariana do ventrículo direito (VD), incluindo arteríolas, capilares e vênulas pós-capilares. Parâmetros de perfusão e permeabilidade microvasculares e as interações entre as CMMO e células endoteliais foram estudados. O impacto da aterosclerose na recuperação, fenótipo e função celular também foi avaliado. Resultado: A MIF permitiu análise detalhada da microcirculação coronariana e da cinética das CMMO injetadas pela via ICO. A IMG afetou a microcirculação, reduzindo a densidade capilar funcional (DCF). Tal redução foi maior na presença de aterosclerose. A principal área de retenção celular foi a rede capilar e não as arteríolas ou vênulas. Nem a presença de isquemia, nem de aterosclerose alterou o número de células retidas. O número de CMMO retidas não aumentou na presença de isquemia, nem de aterosclerose e não se correlacionou com a perfusão microvascular ou inflamação prévios à injeção. Houve forte correlação entre o número de CMMO retidas e a expressão de CXCR4. A injeção de CMMO não afetou negativamente a DCF e a microcirculação. Aterosclerose não alterou o número de CMMO obtidas após isolamento por gradiente de Ficoll. A expressão de CD54 estava reduzida em camundongos ApoE-/-. CMMO de doadores ateroscleróticos geraram um número aumentado de unidades formadoras de colônias de granulócitos e macrófagos. A análise ecocardiográfica da função do VD do enxerto cardíaco cervical foi exeqüível. Conclusões: A injeção ICO direta e a visualização detalhada da cinética das CMMO na microcirculação coronária in vivo por MIF foi possível. A IMG provocou redução da densidade capilar funcional. A retenção das CMMO após injeção ICO se deu nos capilares e provavelmente depende da expressão de CXCR4. / Cell therapy for cardiovascular disease represents a promising new therapeutic option, especially for ischemic heart disease. The intracoronary (ICo) injection of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) is the most commonly studied rote in clinical trials. Although it has been documented beneficial effects with this therapy, data pertaining the mechanisms of interaction between transplanted cells and cardiac microvascular environment are lacking. Assessment of BMMC in myocardial microcirculation has the potential to clarify its mechanisms of action, opening new therapeutic possibilities. The objective of the study was to describe and to evaluate an innovative technique of direct ICo injection and in vivo visualization of BMMC in myocardial small rodents, after a period of global cardiac ischemia (GMI) and reperfusion, in the presence and absence of atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: The syngeneic murine cervical heterotopic heart transplantation (CHHT) technique was modified by inserting and fixing a catheter connected to a syringe into the donor animal brachiocephalic trunk. GMI was induced occluding the nutritive artery of the graft for 1 hour. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated and labeled prior to ICo injection. Intravital fluorescence microscopy (IFM) was used for analysis of the coronary microcirculation of the right ventricle (RV), including arterioles, capillaries and venules. Parameters of microvascular perfusion, microvascular permeability and the interactions between the BMMC and endothelial cells were studied. The impact of atherosclerosis on the recovery, phenotype and cellular function was also evaluated. Results: The IFM has allowed detailed analysis of both the coronary microcirculation, as the kinetics of BMMC. The GMI affected microcirculation, reducing the functional capillary density (FCD). This reduction was higher in the presence of atherosclerosis. The main area of cell retention was the capillary network, not the arterioles or venules. The number of BMMC retained was not increased in the presence of ischemia, neither of atherosclerosis and didnt correlate with microvascular perfusion or inflammation before injection. Cell retention was strongly correlated with BMMC expression of CXCR4. BMMC injection didnt affect negatively the FCD and microcirculation. Atherosclerosis didnt change the number of BMMC recovered after Ficoll gradient isolation. BMMC expression of CD54 was reduced in ApoE-/- mice. BMMC of atherosclerotic donors have generated a greater number of colony forming units of granulocytes and macrophages. The RV function analyses of the cardiac graft could be performed by echocardiography. Conclusions: The direct ICo injection and detailed visualization of BMMC kinetics in the coronary microcirculation in vivo was possible. The IRCG caused reduction of functional capillary density. Retention BMMC after ICo injection occurred in the capillaries and probably depends on the expression of CXCR4.

No description available.

Achyrocline satureoides (Lam) D.C., popularmente conhecida como \"marcela\", é utilizada popularmente para tratar diversas doenças, como mal estar gástrico e intestinal, inflamações, diabetes e outros. Como os mecanismos de ação do extrato de A. satureoides ainda não são conhecidos, o presente trabalho visou esclarecer os mecanismos antiinflamatórios do extrato bruto hidroalcoólico das inflorescências de A. satureoides, focando na migração e função fagocítica e microbicida de neutrófilos. Para tanto, o extrato hidroalcoólico foi administrado por gavage (50, 100 e 250mg/kg) em ratos Wistar, machos, adultos, e a inflamação foi induzida pela injeção do lipopolisacarídeo de E. coli (LPS; 2mL de solução; 500 &#181;g/mL em PBS) no tecido subcutâneo dorsal (modelo da bolsa de ar). Animais controles receberam volumes equivalentes de veículo do extrato e indometacina (30mg/kg). Foram quantificados o número de neutrófilos (câmara de Neubauer e esfregaços corados por Panótico) e a concentração de Leucotrieno B4 e CINC-1 (ELISA) no foco de lesão; a interação leucócito-endotélio em vênulas da microcirculação mesentérica após estímulo in situ pelo lipopolisacarídeo de E.coli (LPS; 30&#181;g/40&#181;L; por microscopia intravital); a expressão de moléculas de adesão e do toll-like receptor (TLR-4), além da quantificação do burst oxidativo (induzido pelo miristato-acetato de forbol - PMA) e fagocitose em neutrófilos circulantes (citometria de fluxo); análise histológica e quantificação dos marcadores hepáticos (AST, ALT e Gama-GT) e renais (uréia e creatinina) no plasma por espectrofotometria. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o tratamento com o extrato reduziu o número de neutrófilos e a concentração de LTB4 e CINC-1 na bolsa de ar; reduziu a expressão de TLR4 pelos neutrófilos circulantes e a porcentagem de neutrófilos positivos para L-selectina e &#946;2-integrina; inibiu a adesão e o comportamento rolling de leucócitos ao endotélio microvascular; reduziu o burst induzido por PMA; aumentou o potencial de fagocitose, sem alterar o burst induzido por Staphylococcus aureus, não alterou a morfologia tecidual e a concentração sérica dos marcadores de atividade hepática e renal. Em conjunto, os dados obtidos mostram que dose, aparentemente, não tóxica do extrato de A. satureoides exerce efeito antiinflamatório in vivo frente ao LPS, quantificados pela redução da migração e pelas interferências nas atividades fagocítica e microbicida dos neutrófilos. / Achyrocline satureoides (Lam) D.C., popularly known as \"marcela\", is popularly used to treat several diseases, such as gastric and intestinal disorders, inflammation, diabetes and others. As the mechanisms of the extract of A. satureoides have not been elucidated, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the crude hydroalcoholic extract of the flowers of A. satureoides, focusing on migration and phagocytic and microbicidal neutrophils function. The hydroalcoholic extract was administered by gavage (50, 100 and 250mg/kg) into male Wistar rats, adult, and inflammation was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide E. coli (LPS; 2 mL of solution; 500&#181;g/mL in PBS) into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue (air pouch model). Control animals received equivalent volume of extract vehicle or indomethacin solution (30mg/kg). It was quantified the numbers of neutrophils (Neubauer chamber and stained smears by Panoptic) and concentrations of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and CINC-1 (ELISA) in the focus of the injury; the leukocyte-endothelium interactions in mesenteric venules of the microcirculation after stimulation by LPS (30&#181;g/40&#181;L; intravital microscopy); the adhesion molecules and toll-like receptor (TLR-4) expressions and quantification of oxidative burst and phagocytosis in circulating neutrophils (flow cytometry); histological analysis and the hepatic markers (AST, ALT and gamma-GT) and kidney (urea and creatinine) concentrations in plasma by spectrophotometry. Data obtained showed that the treatment reduced the numbers of neutrophils and concentrations of LTB4 and CINC-1 in the subcutaneous tissue; reduced the TLR4 expression by circulating neutrophils and the number of &#946;2-integrin- and L-selectin-positive neutrophils; inhibited the leukocyte adhesion and the rolling behavior to vascular endothelium; reduced the burst evoked by PMA; increased the phagocytosis without changing the burst induced by Staphylococcus aureus; and did not alter the tissue morphology and concentration of hepatic and renal enzymes in the serum. Together, these data suggest that dose, apparently non-toxic, of extract of A. satureoides exerts anti-inflammatory effect in vivo, quantified by the reduced migration and by interference in the phagocytic and microbicidal activities of neutrophils.

Achyrocline satureoides (Lam) D.C., popularmente conhecida como \"marcela\", é utilizada popularmente para tratar diversas doenças, como mal estar gástrico e intestinal, inflamações, diabetes e outros. Como os mecanismos de ação do extrato de A. satureoides ainda não são conhecidos, o presente trabalho visou esclarecer os mecanismos antiinflamatórios do extrato bruto hidroalcoólico das inflorescências de A. satureoides, focando na migração e função fagocítica e microbicida de neutrófilos. Para tanto, o extrato hidroalcoólico foi administrado por gavage (50, 100 e 250mg/kg) em ratos Wistar, machos, adultos, e a inflamação foi induzida pela injeção do lipopolisacarídeo de E. coli (LPS; 2mL de solução; 500 &#181;g/mL em PBS) no tecido subcutâneo dorsal (modelo da bolsa de ar). Animais controles receberam volumes equivalentes de veículo do extrato e indometacina (30mg/kg). Foram quantificados o número de neutrófilos (câmara de Neubauer e esfregaços corados por Panótico) e a concentração de Leucotrieno B4 e CINC-1 (ELISA) no foco de lesão; a interação leucócito-endotélio em vênulas da microcirculação mesentérica após estímulo in situ pelo lipopolisacarídeo de E.coli (LPS; 30&#181;g/40&#181;L; por microscopia intravital); a expressão de moléculas de adesão e do toll-like receptor (TLR-4), além da quantificação do burst oxidativo (induzido pelo miristato-acetato de forbol - PMA) e fagocitose em neutrófilos circulantes (citometria de fluxo); análise histológica e quantificação dos marcadores hepáticos (AST, ALT e Gama-GT) e renais (uréia e creatinina) no plasma por espectrofotometria. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o tratamento com o extrato reduziu o número de neutrófilos e a concentração de LTB4 e CINC-1 na bolsa de ar; reduziu a expressão de TLR4 pelos neutrófilos circulantes e a porcentagem de neutrófilos positivos para L-selectina e &#946;2-integrina; inibiu a adesão e o comportamento rolling de leucócitos ao endotélio microvascular; reduziu o burst induzido por PMA; aumentou o potencial de fagocitose, sem alterar o burst induzido por Staphylococcus aureus, não alterou a morfologia tecidual e a concentração sérica dos marcadores de atividade hepática e renal. Em conjunto, os dados obtidos mostram que dose, aparentemente, não tóxica do extrato de A. satureoides exerce efeito antiinflamatório in vivo frente ao LPS, quantificados pela redução da migração e pelas interferências nas atividades fagocítica e microbicida dos neutrófilos. / Achyrocline satureoides (Lam) D.C., popularly known as \"marcela\", is popularly used to treat several diseases, such as gastric and intestinal disorders, inflammation, diabetes and others. As the mechanisms of the extract of A. satureoides have not been elucidated, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the crude hydroalcoholic extract of the flowers of A. satureoides, focusing on migration and phagocytic and microbicidal neutrophils function. The hydroalcoholic extract was administered by gavage (50, 100 and 250mg/kg) into male Wistar rats, adult, and inflammation was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide E. coli (LPS; 2 mL of solution; 500&#181;g/mL in PBS) into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue (air pouch model). Control animals received equivalent volume of extract vehicle or indomethacin solution (30mg/kg). It was quantified the numbers of neutrophils (Neubauer chamber and stained smears by Panoptic) and concentrations of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and CINC-1 (ELISA) in the focus of the injury; the leukocyte-endothelium interactions in mesenteric venules of the microcirculation after stimulation by LPS (30&#181;g/40&#181;L; intravital microscopy); the adhesion molecules and toll-like receptor (TLR-4) expressions and quantification of oxidative burst and phagocytosis in circulating neutrophils (flow cytometry); histological analysis and the hepatic markers (AST, ALT and gamma-GT) and kidney (urea and creatinine) concentrations in plasma by spectrophotometry. Data obtained showed that the treatment reduced the numbers of neutrophils and concentrations of LTB4 and CINC-1 in the subcutaneous tissue; reduced the TLR4 expression by circulating neutrophils and the number of &#946;2-integrin- and L-selectin-positive neutrophils; inhibited the leukocyte adhesion and the rolling behavior to vascular endothelium; reduced the burst evoked by PMA; increased the phagocytosis without changing the burst induced by Staphylococcus aureus; and did not alter the tissue morphology and concentration of hepatic and renal enzymes in the serum. Together, these data suggest that dose, apparently non-toxic, of extract of A. satureoides exerts anti-inflammatory effect in vivo, quantified by the reduced migration and by interference in the phagocytic and microbicidal activities of neutrophils.

Orientador: Claudio Chrysostomo Werneck / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T08:25:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_DanielleSousa_M.pdf: 8911447 bytes, checksum: c9bf5559a19db5c16b953e4b7a760966 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: MAGP1 (Microfibril-Associated GlycoProtein1) é um os constituintes das microfibrilas. Numerosos estudos têm demonstrado que MAGP1 interage com outras moléculas in vitro e sua expressão é de grande importância para o desenvolvimento vascular em zebrafish. Dados obtidos em nosso laboratório a partir do modelo fotoquímico de indução de trombo em animais deficientes em MAGP1 sugerem a importância deste componente da microfibrila no processo trombótico. Entre as técnicas para indução da formação de trombo, têm-se o cloreto férrico. Tal mecanismo, quando aplicado em pequenos animais, gera uma lesão endotelial de alta intensidade em apenas dois minutos. Além disso, com o auxílio da microscopia intravital, o cloreto férrico permite a captura de imagens do vaso sanguíneo em tempo real. A microscopia intravital possibilita a análise do processo de formação do trombo e as possíveis diferenças deste processo nos camundongos deficientes em MAGP1. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho objetivou estabelecer a técnica de trombose arterial induzida por cloreto férrico e assistida por microscopia intravital, a fim de verificar a função de MAGP1 no processo de formação do trombo. Para isto, as células brancas e as plaquetas de animais selvagens e deficientes em MAGP1 foram coradas com Rhodamina 6G e analisadas por microscopia intravital / Abstract: MAGP1 (Microfibril - Associated GlycoProtein1) is a constituent of the microfibrils. Numerous studies have shown that MAGP1 interact with other molecules in vitro and its expression is of importance for vascular development in zebrafish. Data obtained in our laboratory from the photochemical model of thrombus induction in animals deficient in MAGP1 suggest the importance of this component of the microfibril in the thrombotic process. Among the techniques for inducing thrombus formation, it has been ferric chloride. This mechanism when applied in small animals generates a high intensity endothelial injury in just two minutes. Furthermore, with the aid of intravital microscopy, ferric chloride enables the capture of blood vessel images in real time. The intravital microscopy allows the analysis of the process of thrombus formation and possible differences of this process in mice deficient in MAGP1. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the technique of arterial thrombosis induced by ferric chloride and assisted intravital microscopy, in order to verify the function of MAGP1 in the process of thrombus formation. For this, white cells and platelets MAGP1 deficient and wild animals were stained with Rhodamine 6G e analyzed by intravital microscopy / Mestrado / Bioquimica / Mestra em Biologia Funcional e Molecular