Syftet med studien var att undersöka inre arbetsmotivation och arbetstillfredsställelse genom att se vilket motivationsbehov och vilken typ av arbetstillfredsställelse som skattades högst. Syftet var även att undersöka vilka motivationsbehov som bäst predicerar inre och yttre arbetstillfredsställelse. Studien genomfördes inom äldreomsorgenen i en mindre kommun i Sverige. 80 personer deltog i studien som genomfördes som en enkätundersökning. Mätinstrumenten som användes var Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) och Basic Need of Satisfaction at work Scale (BNS). MSQ mätte inre och yttre arbetstillfredsställelse medan BNS mätte inre arbetsmotivation med utgångspunkt från Self-Determination Theory och de tre komponenterna autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet. Resultatet visade att samhörighet var det behov som skattades högst och det fanns en signifikant skillnad till autonomi och kompetens. Inre arbetstillfredsställelse skattades högre än yttre arbetstillfredsställelse och autonomi och kompetens predicerade inre arbetstillfredsställelse medan kompetens predicerade yttre arbetstillfredsställelse. / The purpose of the study was to examine intrinsic work motivation and work satisfaction by seeing which basic motivation need and which type of work satisfaction that was highest estimated. The purpose was also to examine which basic motivation needs that were the predictors to internal and external work satisfaction. The study was conducted among employees in nursing homes. 80 nurses participated and the study was conducted as a survey. The instrument used in the study was Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and Basic Need of Satisfaction at work Scale (BNS). MSQ measured internal and external work satisfaction while BNS measured intrinsic work motivation based on Self Determination-Theory and the three components autonomy, competence and relatedness. The results showed that relatedness was highest estimated and that there was a significant difference to autonomy and competence. Internal work satisfaction was rated higher than external work satisfaction and autonomy and competence was the predictors of internal work satisfaction while competence predicted external work satisfaction.

The aim of this research was to determine the role of the school principal in fostering the creativity and innovativeness of educators. This aim was explored by: determining the nature of creativity and innovativeness; determining the role of the principal in fostering the creativity and innovativeness of educators at schools; and investigating how the creativity and innovativeness of educators is currently fostered at schools. The literature survey on the nature of creativity and innovativeness revealed creativity as the generation of novel and useful ideas and the ability to combine them in a unique way, while innovativeness is the ability to be innovative, i.e. to implement creative outcomes to benefit an organisation or the practical application of ideas towards the organisation's objectives. Creativity and innovativeness can thus be fostered by creating a stimulating work environment that advocates enriched jobs and supporting management practices, an organisational culture that supports innovativeness and an environment that provides adequate resources. Therefore, creativity and innovativeness are a function of an organisational climate that promotes nine dimensions, namely, challenge and involvement, freedom, trust and openness, idea time, idea support, debate, risk-taking, conflict management and humour and playfulness. The empirical survey found that school-organisational climates generally foster educators' creativity and innovativeness in terms of the dimension thereof.-How it was found that some dimensions enjoy more prevalence at schools than others. It was also found that some aspects of these dimensions were inconsistent with the general finding that schools portray climates conducive to educators' creativity and innovativeness. For instance, the involvement of educators in vision review as a way of setting standards or as a pace-setter for performance, and educators having to seek permission before implementing their creative ideas were seen as not fostering creativity and innovativeness at schools. Although there were statistical differences in responses between principals and educators on all creativity and innovativeness dimensions, it was found that these were of no practical significance and thus could be attributed to chance or coincidence. This study therefore recommends that principals should adopt a holistic approach to school organisational creativity and innovativeness. In this way, all the dimensions will be fostered, thus creating school organizational climates that engender the creativity and innovativeness of all educators and focusing on all aspects of their work. Principals should also receive capacity building exercises, initiated both at school and at departmental levels. These exercises should focus on staff development that relates creativity and innovativeness to the achievement of teaching and learning outcomes. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2005.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 17-18).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Special Education. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references. Available also in print.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka förekomsten av olika typer av motivation till studier hos studenter vid Uppsala universitet, vilket mynnade ut i två frågeställningar som är följande: Vad motiverar studenter till sina studier och framkommer det någon skillnad i motivationen gällande yttre och inre faktorer? och Förekommer det en skillnad på motivationen beroende på bakgrundsfaktorerna kön och ålder? För att angripa detta problemområde använde vi oss av en kvantitativ metodansats i form av en enkätinsamling. Vi tillämpade ett bekvämlighetsurval genom att dela ut enkäten på offentliga utrymmen vid Uppsala universitet, vilket resulterade i 70 stycken enkätsvar. Vår teoretiska referensram grundar sig i Deci & Ryans samt Ahls definitioner kring inre och yttre motivation. Vidare utgår studien även ifrån tidigare forskning kring studiemotivation som handlar om hur studenter på olika sätt skapar och formar motivation till sina studier. Vi har även tillämpat tidigare forskning med fokus på motivation i relation till kön samt motivation i relation till ålder. På grund av att studien baseras på ett bekvämlighetsurval samt att respondenternas antal endast uppgår till 70 individer är generalisering ej möjligt. Studien redovisar endast tendenser, vilket kan väcka intresse för vidare forskning. Resultatet visade att det framförallt är den yttre motivationsfaktorn “Framtida karriärmöjligheter och yrkesliv” som starkast motiverar urvalsgruppen till sina studier, men även att den inre motivationen i form av “Intresset för ämnet” motiverar urvalsgruppen starkt. Avslutningsvis påvisas även en indikation över att ålder och kön påverkar hur studenten motiveras till sina studier. Detta då exempelvis yngre studenter visar tendenser till att motiveras av sina klasskamrater än de äldre samt att män i större utsträckning än kvinnor motiveras av gruppstudier. / The purpose of this study is aimed at investigating the prevalence of various study motivation types used by students at Uppsala University. This study culminated into two questions. Firstly, What is it that motivates students to study and does there appear to be any difference regarding intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors? And secondly, Are there any differences in the creation of motivation due to the background factors gender and age? To approach the problem we used a quantitative research method, in the form of a survey. We distributed questionnaires in public areas at Uppsala university, which resulted in seventy responses. The theoretical framework used to interpret the collected data was Deci & Ryan's and Ahls definitions regarding intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. This research study also builds upon earlier studies on motivation, which address a number of theories explaining how students create and form motivation for their studies. Owing to the fact that the study and the questionaire were made from a convenience sampling which resulted in a selection with limited numbers, the study will therefore not make any generalizations, however it will highlight tendencies which may raise interest for further research. The results of the study show that the greatest motivational factor is an Extrinct Motivation factor in the form of "Future professional and career opportunities". Additionally the results also show that an intrinsic motivation factor in the form of  “Interest in the subject itself” also strongly motivate students. Furthermore, the study indicates that age and gender effect how students are motivated during their studies. The results also display that younger students for instance, are more motivated by their classmates, while from a gender point of wiew men are more motivated by group studies.

Self-determination theory (SDT) has been used to study motivation and motivational strategies within many different domains one of the most pertinent being academia. The theory emphasizes the importance of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs and places a strong emphasis on environmental factors as both fostering and impeding of motivational energies, while simultaneously giving less importance to intrapersonal determinants of motivation such as personality and attachment. This gap in the literature was addressed in this study by investigating that aspect of academic motivation which has not been of a salient interest to SDT. To test the hypotheses that Neuroticism, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and attachment styles are associated with Intrinsic Motivation, with attachment being a stronger predictor, 272 participants at a midsize university completed a survey including scales assessing personality traits, attachment style, and academic motivation. Data were analyzed using correlation, regression, and moderation analyses and as hypothesized, all three personality traits were significantly associated with Anxiety and Avoidance attachment dimensions, which in turn were related to Intrinsic Motivation, though only partially. Attachment Avoidance emerged as the most important dimension of attachment accounting for a significant amount of variance in Intrinsic Motivation beyond personality and illustrating the relatedness component of self-determination theory. Implications of these results include both theoretical (example, conceptualizing relatedness in terms of attachment Avoidance), and practical (example, suggestions for instructors on methods for increasing student Intrinsic Motivation) aspects.

abstract: Two models of motivation are prevalent in the literature on sport and exercise participation (Deci & Ryan, 1991; Vallerand, 1997, 2000). Both models are grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2000) and consider the relationship between intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation in explaining behavior choice and outcomes. Both models articulate the relationship between need satisfaction (i.e., autonomy, competence, relatedness; Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000) and various cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes as a function of self-determined motivation. Despite these comprehensive models, inconsistencies remain between the theories and their practical applications. The purpose of my study was to examine alternative theoretical models of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation using the Sport Motivation Scale-6 (SMS-6; Mallett et al., 2007) to more thoroughly study the structure of motivation and the practical utility of using such a scale to measure motivation among runners. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate eight alternative models. After finding unsatisfactory fit of these models, exploratory factor analysis was conducted post hoc to further examine the measurement structure of motivation. A three-factor structure of general motivation, external accolades, and isolation/solitude explained motivation best, although high cross-loadings of items suggest the structure of this construct still lacks clarity. Future directions to modify item content and re-examine structure as well as limitations of this study are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Educational Psychology 2012

Syftet med denna studie var att bidra med empiriskt material om hur relationen mellan individers framgång i ett monetärt belöningssystem och motivation påverkas av individers stewardship-grad. En stor del av tidigare forskning på motivation och monetära belöningssystem har fokuserat på det traditionella sambandet mellan motivation och prestation; att monetära belöningssystem är motivationsskapande. Vi valde istället att fokusera på det faktiska utfallet av ett monetärt belöningssystem, genom att analysera utbetald rörlig ersättning och dess relation till motivation med hänsyn till stewardship-teori. Vi utvidgade befintlig forskning och teori genom att separera effekten på motivation från en individs framgång i ett monetärt belöningssystem, och studerade effekten i samverkan med stewardship-grad. Det empiriska materialet inhämtades från två separata företag inom samma Skandinaviska koncern. I överensstämmelse med vår hypotes är ett monetärt belöningssystems utfall på motivation i allra högsta grad beroende av stewardship-graden. Vårt resultat indikerar att individer med en låg stewardship-grad blir mer motiverade när framgången i ett monetärt belöningssystem är högre. Vidare tyder vårt resultat att individer med en hög stewardship-grad blir demotiverade när framgång i ett monetärt belöningssystem ökar. Vårt resultat bidrar till befintlig forskning om monetära belöningssystem och motivationshämmande effekter. / The aim of this study was to contribute to empirical studies about how the relationship between an individual's prosperity in a monetary reward system and motivation is influenced by an individual's stewardship-rate. Most previous research regarding motivation and monetary reward systems had studied the traditional relationship between motivation and performance. Suggesting that motivation was created by offering pay for performance to employees. We on the other hand, focused on the aftermath of a reward system by analyzing actual outcome from a monetary reward system and its effects on motivation, with respect to stewardship-theory. We therefore extended previous research and theorizing by separating the effects on motivation from an individual's prosperity in a reward system, by testing the interaction effect between prosperity and stew-ardship-rate. The empirical data were collected through two separate companies within a Scandinavian corporate group. In conformity with our prediction, a monetary reward system and its outcome on motivation, is highly related to an individual's stewardship-rate. Our result indicated that individuals with a low stewardship-rate gets more motivated when prosperity in a monetary reward system is higher. Furthermore our results indicated that individual's with a high stewardship-rate gets demotivated when prosperity in a monetary reward system is higher. These results contribute to the existing research on monetary reward systems and motivational crowding-out.