Dans les affaires judiciaires, les juges confrontés à des questions d’ordre techniques en matière informatique, recourent à des experts qui mettent leur savoir-faire au service de la justice. Régulièrement mandatés par les tribunaux, ils ont pour mission d'éclairer le juge en apportant des éléments de preuve utiles à l'enquête.Ils recherchent dans les scellés informatiques les éléments relatifs aux faits incriminés en préservant l’intégrité des données et évitant toute altération des supports originaux. Les éléments de preuve ainsi recueillis sont analysés par l’expert qui déposera ses conclusions au magistrat sous forme d’un rapport d'expertise.les investigations techniques sont effectuées à l'aide des outils très sophistiqués qui permettent de prendre connaissance des informations présentes, effacées, cachées ou chiffrées dans les supports numériques examinés.Ce qui requiert une parfaite maîtrise du matériel déployé et une identification claire des bonnes pratiques de la discipline. Ce projet de recherches vise à mettre en exergue les défis techniques aux quels sont confrontés les experts, la complexité des outils utilisés dans le cadre des investigations techniques et l'importance de la mise en place des tests de validation qui permettent de connaître les capacités et limites de chaque outil. / In criminal cases, judges confronted with questions of technical order in computer technology, designate expert witnesses who put their expertise at the service of justice. Duly appointed by the courts, they help the judge by providing evidence relevant to the investigation.They search the suspect’s seized digital devices for elements of computer related crime, while preserving the integrity of the data and avoiding any alteration of the original media.The evidence thus collected is analyzed by a digital forensic expert who will document their findings to the judge in a report.Technical investigations are conducted by using powerful and sophisticated tools to find the current files and recover deleted, hidden or encrypted data from the digital media device examined.This requires perfect control of the utilized equipment and a clear identification of the methods used during the analysis. This research project aims to highlight the technical challenges which experts face, the complexity of digital forensic tools used for technical investigations, and the importance of their validation to understand the capabilities and limitations of each tool.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:12:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LourivalBCJ_TESE_Parcial.pdf: 250865 bytes, checksum: f14aa43941c04261875d66a11af3e2e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / 2020-01-01 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral mostrar que no F?don de Plat?o, a associa??o entre o argumento dos contr?rios e o argumento da reminisc?ncia (72e 77e) seguida da analogia da investiga??o do eclipse do sol (99d-102a), que serve de modelo ao m?todo de investiga??o ideal mostra que o m?todo naturalista de investiga??o direta dos fen?menos (99c-100b) n?o conduz, necessariamente, ao verdadeiro conhecimento. Como m?todo, adotou-se uma leitura comparativa e uma interpreta??o por aproxima??o do texto fonte. O resultado aqui obtido ? a no??o de como se d? o conhecimento no referido di?logo. Como conclus?o se afirma que, nessa obra o conhecimento ? uma esp?cie de recorda??o que se d? como reciprocidade entre um processo negativo de cogni??o e o estado cognitivo inato

This research was initiated as a result of the ever-evolving sophistication of criminal syndicates in their perseverance of organised crime and their use of electronic covert methodologies. Based on the researcher’s extensive managerial and operational experience, and on his unofficial observation of prosecutors, investigators and intelligence operatives, it became clear to him that there is a lack of evidence in court regarding serious and organised crime prosecutions. This can be attributed to the lack of use of investigative techniques, or investigative techniques being incorrectly used and/or a lack of knowledge regarding the use of investigative techniques. One such example of an investigative technique is surveillance or electronic surveillance. In this research study, the use and legality of electronic surveillance as a technique in the fight against organised crime, is discussed. Both national and international literature have been perused on the topic in question. Interviews were conducted with experienced former SAPS officers who were exposed to the use of electronic surveillance in the investigation of organised crime, as well as interviews with prosecutors, outlining the positive attributes of, as well as the shortcomings in, the use of electronic surveillance as an investigative tool in the investigation of organised crime. Surveillance or electronic surveillance has been in existence for a long period of time, but its usage or “know how” has been limited to only a few. The main purpose of the research is to highlight the importance of electronic surveillance as a covert technique in the investigation of organised crime. / Criminology and Security Science / M. Tech. (Criminal Justice)

Devant le besoin de nouveaux outils d’aide à l’investigation post-incendie, cette thèse se propose d’évaluer le recours à des modèles numériques pour apprécier un scénario proposé par un expert. Pour cela, les conditions d’utilisation de la version 4 de Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) ont été déterminées dans une optique de reconstitution de sinistres. Une méthode a ensuite été développée afin de confronter les résultats des simulations aux observations faites lors de l’investigation : cette méthode se base sur l’utilisation de multiples points de comparaison qui sont des effets thermiques ou mécaniques remarquables sur un matériau. Les résultats obtenus ont ensuite été utilisés pour la simulation de deux cas réels. Le premier s’attache à comparer, à des simulations, des mesures de propagation de flammes à la surface d’un matelas dans deux configurations différentes. Cela est réalisé afin d’évaluer le modèle de combustion solide de FDS dans différentes conditions de ventilation. La seconde application est la reconstitution d’un incendie ayant fait une victime dans un appartement. Ce second cas a été choisi dans le but d’évaluer les méthodes de simulation et d’utilisation des points de comparaison établies dans les premiers chapitres. / This work is intended to evaluate the use of numerical models to assess fire scenarios proposed by investigators. First chapter of this thesis is about theoretical fire phenomenon useful in the investigation frame. The second chapter is devoted to the validation of a CFD tool named Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) for fire reconstruction purposes. Guidance is developed in the third chapter in order to compare modelling results to degradations observed on fire scenes. It is explained how the accuracy of a scenario could be assessed using several comparison points, the thermal or mechanical effects on materials after a fire. Results obtained in previous chapters are finally applied on two cases. The first one is the comparison of fire spread velocities measured on two different experiments with simulations. This study is carried out to test FDS combustion model under ventilated and underventilated conditions. The second case is the reconstruction of a fire which killed the occupant of an apartment, the purpose of this work being to apply modelling and investigation guidance to a real case.

The researcher attempts to establish how CCTV footage can be used as a surveillance technique, for evidence gained in that way to be admissible in court. To conduct effective investigation, it is important for investigators to be familiar with the application of CCTV footage, its purpose, its benefits and shortfalls. To achieve the goals and objectives of the practice of CCTV footage, investigators must know how to utilise the value of its evidence, and how to use it to identify suspects. The clarification and application to the crime situation, the identification of the perpetrator or suspect of a criminal act is mostly impossible, if CCTV footage is not available to assist in identification and tracing of suspects. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

Le chikungunya, la dengue et la bilharziose urogénitale sont des maladies vectorielles émergentes qui ont récemment trouvé des conditions favorables à leur transmission en France métropolitaine.Santé publique France, l’Agence en charge de la surveillance de l’état de santé de la population française est en première ligne pour détecter et investiguer ces émergences afin d’orienter les mesures de leur prévention et de leur contrôle. Postulant que chaque épidémie constitue une situation d’« expérimentation naturelle », l’objectif de cette thèse était de montrer comment chaque investigation d’épidémie apporte l’opportunité d’acquérir des connaissances scientifiques sur la contribution des cas asymptomatiques à l’introduction, la dissémination et l’endémisation des maladies vectorielles de façon réactive.Notre méta-analyse d’études de séroprévalence per- et post-épidémiques suggère que, contrairement à nos attentes, la lignée de virus chikungunya qui a émergé en 2004 dans l’Océan Indien qui était associée moins d’infections asymptomatiques que les autres. Dans une étude de la séroprévalence de la dengue à Nîmes en 2015, nous avons montré que le potentiel de diffusion de la dengue en France restait actuellement limité. Les données du dépistage des personnes exposées au risque de bilharziose urogénitale en Corse montrant une fréquence élevée d'infections pré-symptomatiques, nous avons évoqué un risque d’endémisation de la maladie qui a justifié son inscription sur la liste des maladies à déclaration obligatoire.Ce travail de thèse démontre qu’une approche pragmatique basée sur une veille sanitaire sensible associée à des investigations épidémiologiques de terrain précoces peut contribuer à aussi bien à la lutte contre les émergences qu’à l’évolution des connaissances. / Conditions recently proved favourable to transmission of emerging vector-borne diseases, chikungunya, dengue and urogenital schistosomiasis in mainland France.Santé publique France, the Agency in charge of public health surveillance in France is at the forefront of detecting and investigating emerging infectious disease in order to guide prevention and control measures. Assuming that each outbreak constitutes a situation of "natural experimentation", the aim of this thesis was to show how outbreak investigations give the opportunity to acquire rapidly scientific knowledge on the contribution of asymptomatic cases to the introduction, dissemination and endemisation of vector-borne diseases.Through a meta-analysis of per and post-epidemic seroprevalence studies,we have shown that the chikungunya virus lineage that emerged in the Indian Ocean in 2004 is associated with a lower frequency of asymptomatic infections. In a dengue serosurvey in Nîmes in 2015, we showed that the diffusion potential of dengue in France is currently limited. Screening data of urogenital bilharziasis in persons exposed in Corsica showed a high frequency of pre-symptomatic infections suggestive of a risk of endemisation of the disease that justified its inclusion on the list of notifiable diseases.This thesis work shows that a pragmatic approach based on sensitive surveillance associated with early field outbreak investigations can significantly contribute to both emerging infections control and the advancement of knowledge.

Forensic science television shows, especially CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, have been said to influence the public’s perception of how forensic science is used and create interest in studying forensic science and pursuing jobs in the field. This study investigates this claim through a variety of methods. First, definitions of the CSI effect are discussed, including how it was first used and mentioned in the media. Second, survey data from students in a forensic anthropology course regarding interest in forensic science media and educational and career choices are analyzed. Third, the number and debut dates of forensic science non-fiction books, novels, non-fiction television shows, and television dramas are investigated. Finally, a content analysis of the television show Bones is undertaken in order to understand how the forensic anthropology presented in this show differs from the actual practice of forensic anthropology. Results of this study indicate that, overall, students who wanted to pursue forensic science careers and graduate study did not watch more forensic science television shows and read more forensic science novels than those who did not want to pursue forensic science careers and graduate study. Also, based on the decreased interest in a number of forensic careers, it appears that respondents may have started the course with false perceptions regarding the actual job descriptions of these careers. Regarding the number and debut dates of forensic science media, this study found that the majority of non-fiction forensic anthropology books, non-fiction television shows, television dramas debuted after CSI appeared, corroborating the claim that CSI led to an increase in interest in forensic iii anthropology. In addition, this study found that while much of Bones is fictionalized for entertainment purposes, many of the techniques and analyses presented on the show have a peripheral basis in scientific methods.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate how asylum seekers may experience different interview methods in the asylum investigation in Sweden. An inductive qualitative data collection technique was used in this study, where semi-structured interviews were conducted with six asylum seekers in four different cities in Sweden. This study was influenced by the grounded theory approach in the way of creating codes, concepts and themes from the empirical data analyzed in thematic and constant comparison method. The results show three different themes, namely ‘‘the expressions of the feelings, possibilities to expressions and possibilities and difficulties.’’ as they present the asylum seekers views of different interview methods. The role theory was chosen in relation to the asylum seekers different behavior toward the interview methods. The results indicated the possibilities for different roles as: ‘‘psychological unbalanced role, technology skilled role, technology challenged role and the apprehensive role’’

The objective of this study is to assess the role that succession planning plays in family businesses in the Sedibeng region of the Gauteng province in South Africa. According to Netsiande (2008:1) family businesses should anticipate, recognise, understand and work pro-actively on issues, learn from other businesses and find their own unique solution.to ensure sustainability. Management succession and succession planning is very important and it has a significant impact on family members, society and the business and economic sectors. This research study was conducted by means of a literature and empirical study. The aim of the literature studies was to gain insight into family businesses and the importance of succession planning. Topics covered in the literature study on family businesses includes a definition of family businesses, family business success, uniqueness of family businesses, characteristics of successful family businesses, advantages and disadvantages of family businesses, challenges facing family businesses. Topics covered in the literature study on succession planning includes a definition of succession, the importance of succession in family businesses, factors that influence succession, succession planning, selecting and choosing a successor as well as mentoring and preparation of the successor(s). The study was concluded on the basis of the findings of the empirical study, that the aspects that needs more attention to help with successful succession planning in family businesses in the Sedibeng district of the Gauteng province in South Africa, are the relationship between owner-manager and successor(s), willingness of the successor(s) to take over the business, willingness of the successor(s) to hand over the business and the preparation level of the successor(s). Lastly practical recommendations were suggested to support the family and the business to effectively manage succession planning in family businesses. / MBA (Business Administration), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Children diagnosed and treated for cancer experience a profound life-transformation as they are confronted with unprecedented physical, psychosocial and emotional challenges. Children’s experience of diagnosis and treatment is often accompanied by a lack of participation and reduced control. Extensive research has been conducted on a variety of supportive interventions. Only a limited amount of research, however, has investigated the potential of animal-assisted activities (AAAs) to afford specialised support for the child hospitalised with cancer. Moreover, of this limited research, few studies explore AAAs in relation to participation and control. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe how participation and control are experienced during animal-assisted activities by children hospitalised with cancer. Paediatric oncology patients between the ages of 8 and 14 with any type of cancer were offered the opportunity to participate in the study, which comprised of animal-assisted activities at the facility where patients received their medical care. Five children were included in the final sample. Data were gathered by means of non-participant observations, participant interviews, graphic questionnaires and field notes. Data were then analysed in accordance with steps proposed by Tesch (1990: 142-145), which involved coding according to categories and related themes. Five major themes emerged, including (1) approach to animals, (2) body awareness, (3) level of engagement, (4) level of dependence and (5) communication. Nine sub-themes were derived from data analysis. Under “approach to animals”, the sub-themes were (i) taking the lead, (ii) grooming and affection and (iii) laughter and spontaneity. The sub-themes of “body awareness” were (iv) protection of body and (v) comfort. The sub-themes of “level of engagement” were (vi) initiative and (vii) choice. Finally, the sub-themes of “communication” were (viii) verbal communication and (ix) non-verbal communication. The study provides insight into the participation and control experienced during animal-assisted activities by children hospitalised with cancer. When the initial and final AAA sessions were compared, changes were noted in terms of the children’s approaches to the dog, their body awareness, their level of engagement, their level of dependence and their communication. These changes are associated with an enhanced sense of participation and control, aspects that are often reported to be diminished in children who are diagnosed, treated and hospitalised with cancer. AAAs should therefore be considered an effective means of supporting children hospitalised with cancer. / MA (Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015