Submitted by MARCIO TULIO MATHEUS SANTOS null (marciotulio@globo.com) on 2018-04-03T12:14:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - MARCIO TULIO - 26-03-2018 CORRIGIDA VF.pdf: 2812609 bytes, checksum: 292ece5efee66c9b2d09ec3d1956148c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-04-03T12:55:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_mtm_me_bot.pdf: 2812609 bytes, checksum: 292ece5efee66c9b2d09ec3d1956148c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T12:55:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_mtm_me_bot.pdf: 2812609 bytes, checksum: 292ece5efee66c9b2d09ec3d1956148c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Os biopolímeros podem combinar a degradabilidade “in vivo” com a boa biocompatibilidade e, desta forma, podem ser usados como agentes encapsulantes com o objetivo de libertarem compostos bioativos. Dentro do grupo dos biopolímeros, os polissacarídeos apresentam vantagens importantes, como alta estabilidade, segurança, hidrofilicidade e biodegradabilidade. Os polissacarídeos têm sido objetos de estudos, apresentando resultados promissores. Este trabalho tem como objetivo, analisar o comportamento de uma matriz biopolimérica a base de amido, quando submetida à radiação ionizante visando seu uso em moldes planares para radioterapia de lesões cutâneas. Foram confeccionadas amostras de matrizes biopoliméricas de amido, constituído de água, amido, glicerina, duas variedades de açúcares na forma de pó, totalmente solúveis em água e produzida através da conversão do amido de milho. Durante o preparo das amostras variou-se as formulações para se obter melhor resistência da película plástica formada. As formações dos filmes de amido, foram realizadas através do método Casting com baixa viscosidade. As amostras foram submetidas à radiação em um acelerador linear clínico (linac) com feixes de raios-X de 10 MV e feixe de elétrons de 4 MeV, 6 MeV, 9 MeV e 12 MeV, e em uma fonte telecobaltoterapia com 1,25 MeV de energia. A dose total de radiação aplicada variou de 20 Gy a 140 Gy, um grupo controle foi mantido sem exposição à radiação. Após o processo de irradiação, foi realizada uma dosimetria das amostras, usando câmaras de ionização e detector Geiger Muller, não houve leitura de radiação residual nas amostras. Em seguida, as amostras foram submetidas a análise espectrofotométrica para avaliação de sua estabilidade e verificar se a radiação induzida alterou os grupos orgânicos e a estrutura primária do biomaterial. A análise de FTIR, mostrou que a radiação aplicada sobre o molde biopolimérico não alterou sua estrutura ou grupos químicos, sendo preservadas as propriedades plastificantes do biomaterial. / Biopolymers can combine "in vivo" degradability with good biocompatibility and, in this way, can be used as encapsulating agents in order to release bioactive compounds. Within the group of biopolymers, polysaccharides have important advantages, such as high stability, safety, hydrophilicity and biodegradability. Polysaccharides has been object of studied, presenting promising results. This work aims to study the properties of biopolymers for use in pharmaceutical applications in the treatment of pathologies and to analyze the behavior of the biopolymer matrix based on starch when submitted to ionizing radiation for its use in planar models for radiotherapy of cutaneous lesions. An extensive bibliographic research was carried out aiming to understand the characteristics, properties and applications of the biopolymers in the health area, having as starch the base of the polymer matrices. Samples of biopolymeric were made matrices, consisting of water, starch, glycerin, two sugar varieties in the form of powder, totally soluble in water and produced through the conversion of corn starch were made. During the preparation of the samples the formulations were varied to obtain better resistance of the plastic film formed. The formations of the starch films were carried out using the casting method with low viscosity. The samples were subjected to radiation in a clinical linear accelerator (linac) with x-ray beams of 10 MV and electron beam of 4 MeV, 6 MeV, 9 MeV and 12 MeV, and in a telecobaltotherapy source with 1.25 MeV of energy. The total applied radiation dose varied from 20 Gy at 140 Gy, a control group was maintained without radiation exposure. After the irradiation process, a dosimetry of the samples was carried out, using ionization chambers and Geiger Muller detector, there was no residual radiation reading in the samples. The samples were then subjected to spectrophotometric analysis to evaluate their stability and to verify if the induced radiation altered the organic groups and the primary structure of the biomaterial. The FTIR analysis showed that the radiation applied on the biopolymer mold did not alter its structure or chemical groups, and the plasticizing properties of the biomaterial were preserved.

Nesta pesquisa é feita uma análise da interação do campo eletromagnético gerado por microcomputadores portáteis com o corpo humano, operando na faixa de radiocomunicações WI-FI, através da avaliação da taxa de absorção especifica (SAR). Os modelos de corpo humano heterogêneos utilizados são de um adulto de 34 anos e duas crianças de 6 e 11 anos os quais foram analisados em varias situações típicas de exposição à presença de um microcomputador portátil. Nas simulações dos cenários para avaliar a dosimetria foi utilizada a versão comercial do programa chamado SEMCAD X que é baseado no Método das Diferenças Finitas no Domínio no Tempo (FDTD). Da análise das simulações do modelo de corpo inteiro, o único resultado que ultrapassou a recomendação do (FCC, 1997) para 1 g de tecido foi na situação em que o microcomputador portátil, com a antena dipolo na parte posterior do teclado, está no colo do modelo de 34 anos. Numa segunda etapa, é feito um estudo teórico experimental da intensidade do campo elétrico gerado por dispositivos geradores de sinais Wi-Fi comerciais. Analisa-se à propagação de ondas eletromagnéticas através de paredes, utilizando uma antena monocone não ressonante e de banda larga, mediante o estudo e análise da sua taxa de onda estacionária. As medidas visam avaliar que projetando uma parede com uma espessura determinada consegue a propagação dos campos eletromagnéticos evitando reflexões e pontos quentes que possam produzir uma taxa de absorção maior no corpo humano presente nestes ambientes, além de caracterizar as propriedades dielétricas destas paredes. / This research analyses the interaction of the electromagnetic field generated by portable computers with the human body, operating in the range of radio Wi-Fi, by evaluating the specific absorption rate (SAR). The heterogeneous human body models used were those of a 34 years old adult and two children aged 6 and 11, were analyzed under various standard conditions of exposure to the presence of a portable microcomputer. The commercial version of SEMCAD X which is based on the Finite Difference Method in the Time Domain (FDTD) method was used in the simulations of the scenarios, to evaluate the dosimetry. The analysis of the simulation of the whole body model, the only result that exceeded the recommendation of the (FCC, 1997) for 1g of tissue was the simulation in which the dipole antenna on the back of the keyboard of the laptop resting on the lap of the 34-year old model. In the second stage, a theoretical experimental study was made of the intensity of the electric field created from Wi-Fi band signals generating devices. Subsequently, an analysis is made of the propagation of the electromagnetic waves through walls, using a non-resonant broadband monocone antenna by analyzing its voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). The measures aim to assess that designing a wall with a given thickness, propagation of electromagnetic waves can be achieved, thus avoiding reflections and hot spots that can lead to higher SAR in the human body present in these environments, moreover to characterize the dielectric properties of these walls.

The thesis deals with the knowledge of the population about the nuclear disaster at Fukushima in the Vysočina Region. The goal is to determine the level of knowledge of population about the accident and then compare the knowledge of people aged 18-44 years and older than 45 years. In the thesis were set two hypotheses, H1: the knowledge of the population in the nuclear accident will be close to normal distribution and H2: people under 45 years will have statisticly higher knowledge than older people. To achieve the setted goals and to test the hypotheses, a questionnaire was compiled and a survey was made. The results of the survey were evaluated by methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions. The survey consisted of 100 people aged 18-44 years and 100 people aged over 45 years. The results of the survey show that the overall percentage of correctly answered questions was 63,3 %, which can be considered slightly above average. 66,1 % of people aged 18-44 years answered the questions correctly and residents over the age of 45 years 60,6 % correctly. The set goals were achieved and both hypotheses were confirmed. The benefit of this thesis is to obtain a picture of knowledge of public in the nuclear disaster at Fukushima in the Vysočina Region. The results can also be used for crisis management authorities within the preparation and preventive educational activities focused on the issue of nuclear energy and radiation protection.

As raias são peixes peçonhentos e estão frequentemente associadas a acidentes em seres humanos, principalmente na região Norte do Brasil, favorecidos pelo hábito desses peixes de permanecerem no fundo de águas rasas e pela contínua utilização humana dos rios. Os ferrões das raias causam lesões dolorosas, edema, necrose, e o muco que recobre toda a extensão do corpo desses peixes pode aumentar a gravidade desses ferimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta imunológica induzida pelo muco de Paratrygon aiereba nativo ou irradiado por raios gama de 60Co em modelos animais. Foram realizados ensaios imunoenzimáticos e Western blotting para verificar a resposta humoral e reatividade cruzada dos soros provenientes de camundongos Swiss e coelhos New Zealand previamente imunizados contra o veneno, muco nativo ou irradiado. A indução da produção de anticorpos in vitro, as subclasses de IgG e a quantificação de citocinas foram analisados. Além de realizados ensaios de soroneutralização da atividade edematogênica in vitro e in vivo e de viabilidade celular. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio de análise de variância. O protocolo de imunização possibilitou a obtenção de soros com títulos satisfatórios de anticorpos policlonais. O muco e veneno de P. aiereba são imunogênicos e apresentam reatividade antigênica. O muco nativo ou irradiado induziu a produção de anticorpos IgG e esses reconheceram antígenos presentes no muco de outras espécies de raias. Células esplênicas de animais imunizados contra o muco irradiado produziram IFN-γ, TNF- α e IL-10 e também foi observada a produção sérica de TNF-α (grupo imunizado contra o muco irradiado) e de IL-6 e IL-17 (grupo imunizado contra o muco nativo). O soro anti-muco irradiado reduziu a atividade edematogênica in vitro, ao contrária da in vivo que não foi neutralizada. Os resultados corroboram o uso da radiação ionizante, com produção de anticorpos altamente responsivos e melhor resposta imune, além de comprovar que o muco de Paratrygon aiereba foi capaz de estimular resposta imune adaptativa celular e humoral. / Freshwater stingrays are venomous animals, frequently associated with accidents in northern Brazil where the shallow waters and the human use of the rivers favour close proximity between the fish and potential victims. Ray stings induce painful lesions, edema, necrosis, and the mucus that covers the body of these fishes may increase the severity of the wounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the immune response induced by native or 60Co Paratrygon aiereba mucus in animal models. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays and western blots were performed to compare humoral immune response as well as cross reactivity using antibodies raised in mice or rabbits against venom or mucus, the latter either in its native or irradiated form. Antibody production in vitro, immunoglobulins subclasses and cytokines production were evaluated. Immunization resulted in good levels of antibodies. Interestingly, both the mucus and the venom share many cross reactive components. Furthermore, antibodies raised against native mucus or its irradiated counterpart were cross-reactive against the mucus of other stingray species. Splenic cells from mice immunized with irradiated mucus secreted IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10. The serum raised against irradiated mucus reduced edematogenic activity in vitro, but not in vivo, when the venom and the serum are injected separately. Our results corroborate the potential of ionizing radiation as a detoxifying agent for immunogens, with production of high antibody titers and, that the highly abundant mucus of freshwater stingrays contains basically the same repertoire of antigens as the venom, inducing the synthesis of high levels of neutralizing antibodies.

Deinococcus radiodurans est une bactérie à gram-positive connue pour son extrême résistance à une grande variété d'agents endommageant l'ADN. Parmi ces derniers, les rayonnements ionisants et la dessiccation sont les plus nocifs pour la cellule, car ils introduisent des cassures dans le génome. Les cassures double brin (CDB) sont particulièrement dangereuses et doivent être réparées de façon très efficace, afin d'éviter l'apparition de mutations pouvant mener à la mort de la cellule ou de l'organisme. La recombinaison homologue (RH) est le mécanisme le plus efficace pour la réparation des CDBs. D. radiodurans est capable de restaurer entièrement son génome en à peine 3 heures, et elle accomplit la totalité du processus par la voie RecFOR. Afin d'être réparées, les CDBs doivent d'abord être reconnu. Cette étape importante, qui a lieu peu de temps après l'apparition du dommage dans la cellule, implique la protéine RecN. RecN est recrutée dès les premières étapes de la réparation de l'ADN et des études in vivo ont démontré qu'elle avait tendance à se localiser dans des foyers discrets. Des études in vitro suggèrent également que RecN favorise l'assemblage de fragments d'ADN, une fonction décrite précédemment pour les protéines SMC (telle que cohesin), qui sont structurellement similaires à RecN. De nombreuses études structurales ont été effectuées sur la protéine de type SMC, Rad50, alors qu'à présent aucune information structurale n'est disponible pour RecN. Le travail présenté ici a porté sur la caractérisation structurale de RecN et de ses domaines. Nous avons obtenu les structures cristallines de trois constructions (se chevauchant partiellement) de RecN et une étude de diffusions des rayons X aux petits angles a été effectuée sur les domaines séparés de RecN et sur la protéine entière. Les données obtenues en solution ont complété notre étude cristallographique et nous ont permis de construire un modèle atomique de la protéine entière. Des mutations ont été conçues et les protéines mutées ont été produites et utilisées pour la caractérisation de l'activité d'hydrolyse de l'ATP caractéristique de cette famille de protéines. Des études biochimiques approfondies ont été effectuées sur les différentes constructions et mutants de RecN afin de déterminer le rôle de chacun des ses domaines. Nos résultat nous ont permis de proposer un modèle qui explique comment RecN reconnaît les CDB, maintient les deux extrémités de l'ADN, et prépare l'ADN pour la réparation par les protéines RecFOR. / Deinococcus radiodurans is a Gram-positive bacterium known for its extreme resistance to a broad variety of DNA damaging agents. Among these, Ionizing Radiations and desiccation are the most harmful for the cell, since they introduce breaks in the genome. Double Strand Breaks (DSB) are particularly hazardous for the cell and they need to be repaired very efficiently, in order to avoid mutations leading to altered, if not lethal, phenotypes. Homologous Recombination (HR) is the most efficient mechanism by which DSBs are repaired. D. radiodurans is able to completely restore its genome in only 3 hours, and it accomplishes the entire process through the RecFOR pathway. In order to be repaired, DSBs first need to be recognized. The protein believed to be responsible for this important step that takes place soon after the damage occurs in the cell, is RecN. RecN is recruited at the early stages of DNA repair and in vivo studies have demonstrated its propensity to localize to discrete foci. In vitro studies also suggest that RecN possesses a DNA end-joining activity previously observed for SMC proteins (such as cohesin), which are structurally related to RecN. Several structural studies have been carried out on the SMC-like protein, Rad50, but so far no structural information is available for RecN. The work presented here focused on the structural characterization of RecN and its constitutive domains. We obtained crystal structures of three partially overlapping constructs of RecN and Small Angle X-ray Scattering was performed on the individual domains and the full-length protein. The study of RecN in solution complemented our crystallographic study and enabled us to build a reliable, atomic model of the full-length protein. Mutations were designed and the mutant RecN proteins were produced in order to characterize the ATP hydrolysis activity of RecN, which is a conserved feature of this family of proteins. Extensive biochemical studies were carried out on wild-type and mutants of both the full-length protein and the single domains, in order to determine the role and function of each of the domains. Our results led us to propose a model for how RecN might recognize DSBs, tether two broken DNA ends and prepare the DNA for subsequent repair by the RecFOR machinery.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP / FAPESP:10/52170-9

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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-06-09T18:33:58Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-09T18:33:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP