In this thesis, I describe the iterative service design process I used in identifying and understanding the needs of diverse stakeholders, the development of technologies to support their mutually beneficial needs, and the evaluation of the end-user experience with these technologies. Over three iterative design cycles, the set of identified end-user customers expanded to include the patient, the supervising therapist, the annotating therapist, and other members of the development team. Multiple versions of interactive movement capture and annotation tools were developed as the needs of these stakeholders were clarified and evolved, and the optimal data forms and structures became evident. Interactions between the stakeholders and the developed technologies operating in various environments were evaluated and assessed to help improve and optimize the entire service ecosystem. Results and findings from these three design cycles are being used to direct and shape my ongoing and future doctoral research / Master of Science / In this thesis, I describe the iterative service design process I used in identifying and understanding the needs of diverse stakeholders, the development of technologies to support their mutually beneficial needs, and the evaluation of the end-user experience with these technologies. Over three iterative design cycles, the set of identified end-user customers expanded to include the patient, the supervising therapist, the annotating therapist, and other members of the development team. Multiple versions of interactive movement capture and annotation tools were developed as the needs of these stakeholders were clarified and evolved, and the optimal data forms and structures became evident Interactions between the stakeholders and the developed technologies operating in various environments were evaluated and assessed to help improve and optimize the entire service ecosystem. Results and findings from these three design cycles are being used to direct and shape my ongoing and future doctoral research.

Now a day the revolution in computer technology has changed the trend of human life. Congenital methods are a being replaced by new technique. The purpose of this study was to make an interface design prototype of Elskift company website. Another aim was to find out  the  prototype  should  concentrate  on  usability  and  user  interface design  heuristic.  Main  goals  were  that  the  prototype  was  easy  to learn,  efficient  of  use  and  subjective  satisfaction.  Both Quantitative and Qualitative approaches were used in this study.  Interviews were performed with the management and developer of Elskift. Survey was conducted to collect data from the participant.  Iterative  design  was used  in  this  design  process  its  include  evaluation,  design  and prototype. Usability testing was performed in the final design option. The Elskift design prototype is not an abundant and the complete web-based prototype but it contain maximum attribute

Digitization of data offers more opportunities for future health and medicine care due to the availability of information technology in our everyday lives. Several studies have provided us with insights in designing persuasive eHealth services, but only a few studies have investigated the design of a persuasive eHealth application by using presently available smartphones and while including the target group. By pursuing an iterative design process, three smartphone application prototypes were created and tested with senior citizens by using cognitive walkthroughs, use case scenarios and semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that the target group involvement had positive influences on the design of the prototypes, with user insights uncovering setbacks and opportunities in the design. Thus, the study presents a set of primary characteristics for designing a persuasive eHealth application to be usable with smartphones and how the iterative design process with the involvement of senior citizens shaped the design.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate how images can be used to provide emotional feedback on user experience. The report describes the iterative process of developing OakMood, an image-based design evaluation method that provides designers with user generated visual feedback. OakMood enables users to provide emotional feedback on web user experience by choosing images that correspond to their experience of an interaction. The images have been rated by an online crowd according to nine emotions, hence providing emotive characteristics for each image. Results are subsequently presented as mood boards and charts to designers and stakeholders. In addition to providing emotional user feedback on design, OakMood aspires to reflect branding elements of a website. Findings in this study indicate that image-based user feedback can provide valuable insights in the design process. Furthermore, results also indicate that users find images to be an engaging and useful methodology to assess emotional response to user experience. / Syftet med denna studie är att utreda huruvida bilder kan användas för att ge emotionell feedback på användarupplevelse. I rapporten beskrivs den iterativa processen av utvecklingen av OakMood, en bildbaserad design-utvärderings-metod som förser designers med användargenererad visuell feedback. OakMood gör det möjligt för användare att förse emotionell feedback på webbaserad användarupplevelse genom att välja bilder som stämmer överens med deras upplevelse av interaktionen. Bilderna har tidigare blivit bedömda utifrån nio känslor, vilket ger varje enskild bild en unik känslomässig karakteristik. Resultaten presenteras i form av mood boards och diagram till designers och intressenter. Utöver emotionell feedback strävar OakMood efter att ge värdefull feedback på hur användarupplevelse kan spegla varumärke. Resultaten av denna studie indikerar att bildbaserad användarfeedback kan ge användbara insikter i designprocessen. Vidare indikerar resultaten att användare finner att bilder är en engagerande och lämplig metod att känslomässigt utvärdera användarupplevelse.

行動應用程式App開發時相當注重於使用者體驗。利用原型進行測試以收集使用者回饋，根據回饋改善原型再進行原型測試，此過程稱之為Iterative Design Process。本研究從前測與訪談中得知設計師偏好使用線稿式的設計手法做出紙面原型，經過數次上述的循環後再轉換成互動式原型；在反覆設計/重構原型與進行使用者測試的過程中，累積了許多的資料需要被記錄與分析，但目前尚未有服務能支援Iterative Design Process中各個階段的需求。 本研究提出了一套能加快設計流程的線稿式原型設計工具「Xketch」。在原型設計階段，設計師可透過繪製筆畫指令的方式生成元件與設定頁面、元件間的互動行為；當原型設計完成後可以直接發佈給受測者。在原型測試階段時，系統會同步記錄受測者的操作過程與think-aloud口述資料。最後，將收集到資料透過時間軸介面重現以協助團隊分析與討論。本研究認為Xketch能有效幫助行動應用程式App的開發過程，加速Iterative Design Process的循環。 第一版Xketch的開發目的著重於原型設計階段，設計師可利用筆畫指令生成對應的元件與互動行為，並透過Storyboard設定與檢視原型的使用流程。受測者認為Xketch整體的操作簡易、容易學習，也相當認同使用線稿圖案作為筆畫指令的概念，並認為Xketch能有效幫助設計師快速製作出互動式原型。最後，本研究將分析受測者操作記錄並搭配訪談回饋總結Xketch的實驗結果與討論，探討未來Xketch在原型設計的改善方向。 / Iterative Design Process plays a great role for developing mobile applications with great user experience. Designers create prototypes to collect user feedback and use those feedbacks to improve designs and prototypes for further iterations and testings. From our initial studies, we found out designers tend to use sketch based paper prototypes as their initial prototyping method. Designers go through rounds of paper prototyping, testing and iterations, before moving on to create digital interactive prototypes. During this process, there are a lot of information needs to be recorded and analyzed for the iteration loop. However, no integrated service yet can streamlined designers’ process of creating prototypes, recording testing sessions, and analyzing results. We developed “Xketch”, a sketch-based mobile application development tool for iterative designs and testings. First, designers can use the sketching interface on Xketch to rapidly prototype UI modules and interactions. Designers then can distribute the prototypes through Xketch to testers. During testing sessions, Xketch’s testing environment will record user behavior data and think aloud audios. At last, the collected data will be presented on Xketch’s timeline interface for feedback analysis. We envision Xketch to streamline and optimize the iterative design process when designers design mobile applications. The first version of Xketch contains major features for the prototyping phase. Designers can use simple sketching gestures to generate corresponding on-screen UI modules, and configure interactions of those components. Moreover, designers can also create and review interaction flows through storyboard settings. From our testing for Xketch, participants indicate that Xkecth is easy to use and learn. They also found the concept of using sketching gestures to generate on-screen UI module intuitive. Overall, participants think that Xketch can help them create prototype rapidly and intuitively. To improve for Xketch, we recorded participants’ usage behavior and accompanied with user interviews to give us a holistic view on the future iterative direction for Xketch.

Syfte – Idag saknas det ett standardiserat arbetssätt för att hantera kundkrav samtidigt som det finns stora utmaningar i hanteringen av dem. Därmed är syftet med denna studie:  Att definiera ett ramverk för hantering av kundkrav inom Grafisk kommunikation. För att kunna besvara syftet i studien har en frågeställning tagits fram som utgångspunkt för studien. Hur kan Requirements Engineering, sociala relationer och kommunikation tillsammans bidra till att förbättra hantering av kundkrav inom arbetet med Grafisk kommunikation? Metod – För att besvara frågeställningen har studien arbetat med datainsamlingsmetoden, semistrukturerade djupintervjuer. Intervjuerna har genomförts  för att få fram primärdata. Metoden har valts ut för att säkerställa en kvalitativ ansats i studien. I studien har även litteraturstudier genomförts som en viktig del med syfte att ge en bakgrund kring befintliga teorier, metoder och verktyg. Resultat – Studien är av tvärvetenskaplig art och dess resultat behandlar områden så som Requirements Engineering, Grafisk kommunikation, sociala relationer och kommunikation. Områdena har studerats för att se hur de kan samverka för att säkerställa en högre och jämnare nivå av de projektresultat som reklambyråer och konsulter inom reklam- och kommunikationsbranschen levererar. Studien resulterade i ett ramverk för hantering av kundkrav inom Grafisk kommunikation. Ett ramverk beståendes av två olika kategorier som berör både den praktiska processen samt den social kommunikativ dimensionen kopplat till hantering av krav. Studiens resultat beskriver också vilka element som bör finnas i en iterativ designprocess samt hur ramverket kan användas tillsammans med en sådan typ av utvecklingsprocess. Implikationer – Studien anses kunna bidra till forskningsvärlden då dess resultat har öppnat upp nya dörrar för ytterligare områden att applicera Requirements Engineering på. För näringslivet och det vardagliga arbetet inom reklam- och kommunikationsbranschen har resultatet visat att ramverk för hantering av kundkrav inom Grafisk kommunikation bör kunna medverka till att stödja verksamheters arbetsprocesser och säkerställande av en mer jämn kvalitetsnivå. Utvecklingsprocesser och dess slutresultat skulle ha större möjlighet att bli framgångsrika, samtidigt som användningen av projektets resurser med stor sannolikhet skulle kunna effektiviseras genom den struktur som ramverket för med sig. / Purpose – There is no standardized approach for how to managing Customer Requirements, while there are significant challenges in managing them. Thus, the aim of this study is: To define a framework for the managing of Customer Requirements in Graphic Communication. In order to find the purpose of the study, a research question was developed and used as basis for the study. How can Requirements Engineering, Social Relationships and Communication improve the managing of Customer Requirements in Graphic Communication? Method – The study worked is based on one data collection method, semi-structured interviews, in order to answer the research question. The interviews were conducted to obtain the primary data. The method were selected to ensure a qualitative approach in the study. The study has also literature studies conducted as an important element in order to provide a background on existing theories, methods and tools. Findings – The study is of an interdisciplinary nature and its results concern areas such as: Requirements Engineering, Graphic Communication, Social Relationships and Communication. These areas have been studied to see how they can interact and ensure a higher and uniformed level of project results, as advertising agencies, consultants in communication and advertising industry delivers. The study resulted in a framework for managing Customer Requirements in Graphic Communications. A framework consisting of two different categories that can affect both practical processes and a social communicative dimension linked to the handling of requirements. The study’s result describes the elements that should be in an iterative design process and how the framework can be used in conjunction with such development. Implications – The study is considered to contribute to the research world, since its results have opened up new doors for additional areas for applying the Requirements Engineering. For business and everyday-work in the advertising and communication industry, the result demonstrated that the framework for managing Customer Requirements in Graphic Communications should help to support operations work process, and ensuring a more consistent level of quality. Development processes and its final result would have greater opportunity to be successful, while the use of project resources with high probability could be improved and more efficient through the structure framework brings.

Le concept de Laboratoire de Fabrication Digitale (Fablabs) est au départ, une plateforme de prototypage industriel pour les entrepreneurs locaux. Elle est introduit rapidement dans le domaine de l'éducation et sert de plus en plus souvent de plate-forme pour l'apprentissage et l'innovation.Avec l'impact actuel des technologies numériques au sein des sociétés, des organisations telles que le Conseil national de recherches (CNR) appellent le secteur de l'éducation à se tourner vers les compétences du 21ème siècle, tandis que le secteur industriel repense la conception et la production afin d’assurer la durabilité (y compris l'éco-conception et l'économie circulaire) et adopter les dernières technologies intégrées dans l’entreprise 4.0.Les plateformes « Fablab » implantées dans les universités (Ub-Fablabs) pourraient donc jouer un rôle essentiel en tant que «plateforme de support» pour répondre à ces demandes.Etant donné qu’il y a eu très peu ou pas de recherche sur les capacités de Ub-Fablabs pour répondre à ces demandes, cette recherche a adopté une double approche :1) étudier et aligner les compétences cognitives, affectives et psychomotrices y compris les compétences opérationnelles (en matière de logiciels, de notion de mécanique, d’électricité et de systèmes embarqués, …) intégrées dans le processus de conception d'Ub-Fablabs.2) Évaluer la capacité d'Ub-Fablabs à préparer les citoyens aux futures évolutions dans la conception et la production.Dans la partie 1 de la recherche, le chercheur a observé de près la conception et la production d'une machine servant à écraser des roches (RMM) pour laquelle l'utilisation d'une gamme de technologies (bois, pierre et matériaux synthétiques) ont été requises.Les activités de conception et de production ont été enregistrées à l'aide de notes de terrain, d'enregistrements vidéo et de photographies. Pour garder la trace des activités de conception et de production, un modèle de processus de conception itératif, le «modèle de conception de Nawita» (NDPM) a été développé et utilisé.Les données ont été analysées à l'aide d'une analyse de protocole adaptée et les résultats ont été représentés graphiquement.Les résultats ont montré que matérialiser les idées créatives incubées dans la phase 1 du NDPM a déclenché un pic étonnant de compétences cognitives, affectives et psychomotrices dans les étapes 2, 3 et 4 du NDPM. Ces processus et compétences ont sans aucun doute constitués des compétences requises au 21ème siècle.Dans la partie 2 de la recherche, une analyse adaptée des contenus en ligne a été utilisée pour collecter des données provenant de 90% des Ub-Fablabs dans le monde.Une échelle d'indicateurs de capacité Ub-Fablab (Ub-Fablab CIS) a été développée et utilisée pour évaluer quatre aspects potentiels d'Ub-Fablab. Cette échelle est une aide à la compréhension du processus de création. La plate-forme support incite les esprits proactifs à une meilleure intégration des processus de conception et de production.Ces composants sont: i) Infrastructure technologique; ii) Approche pédagogique constructiviste; iii) Collaboration à travers le réseautage numérique et iv) durabilité (y compris l'éco-conception et l'économie circulaire).Les résultats ont révélé que tous les Ub-Fablabs ont une position forte dans la fourniture d'infrastructures technologiques et une forte approche pédagogique constructiviste, mais peuvent avoir besoin d'améliorer leur capacité de collaboration à travers le réseautage et la restauration de la durabilité.Les résultats de cette recherche fournissent une solide réputation pour les Ub-Fablabs à être utilisés pour augmenter les efforts afin d’équiper les citoyens avec des compétences du 21ème siècle et inciter les esprits proactifs à une meilleure intégration et employabilité. / The concept of Digital Fabrication Laboratories (Fablabs), initially an industrial prototyping platform for local entrepreneurships is rapidly finding its way into the education arena and used as a platform for learning and innovation. With the current impact of digital technology on the societies, there are calls from organizations like the National Research Council (NRC) for the education sector to cater for the so-called 21st Century Skills, while the industrial sector to rethink design and production in order to cater for sustainability (inclusive of eco-design and circular economy) and to embrace the latest technologies in preparation for the Industries 4.0. Fablab platforms established in universities (Ub-Fablabs) could therefore play a vital role as a ‘support platform’ to meet these demands.Since there has been very little or no research into the capacities of Ub-Fablabs to meet these demands, this research took a two-fold approach toi) investigate and align cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills (inclusive of mechanical, electrical and embedded software operational skills) embedded in the design process in Ub-Fablabs.ii) assess the capacity of Ub-Fablabs to prepare citizens for the future design and production industries.In part 1 of the research, the researcher closely observed the design and production of a rock milling machine (RMM) where utilisation of a range of wood, stone and synthetic materials technologies were displayed. The design and production activities were recorded using field notes, video-recording and still photography. To keep trace of the design and production activities, an iterative design process model, the ‘Nawita Design Process Model (NDPM) was developed and utilised. Data was analysed using an adapted protocol analysis and results were graphed using pie and bubble-chart graphing. Results showed that materialising the creative ideas incubated in stage 1 of the NDPM unleashed a stunning peak of cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills in stages 2, 3 and 4 of NDPM. These processes and skills are undoubtedly constituted of the 21st Century Skills.In part 2 of the research, an adapted online content analysis was used to collect data from 90% of the Ub-Fablabs worldwide. An Ub-Fablab Capacity Indicator Scale (Ub-Fablab CIS) was developed and used to score on four potential aspects of Ub-Fablab if it has to be used as a support platform to incubate proactive minds for the future integration of design and production industries. These components are i) Technological infrastructure; ii) Constructionist pedagogical approach; iii) Collaboration through digital networking and iv) sustainability (inclusive of eco-design and circular economy). Results revealed that all Ub-Fablabs have a strong stand in providing technological infrastructures and a strong constructionist pedagogical approach, but may need to improve on its capacity for collaboration through networking and catering for sustainability.The findings of this research provides a strong standing for Ub-Fablabs to be utilised to augment efforts to equip citizens with 21st Century skills and incubate proactive minds for the future integration of design and production industries