This thesis argues that all literature is subject to ‘afterlife,’ a continual process of translation. From this starting point, this thesis seeks to answer two questions. Firstly, how texts demonstrate this continual translation; secondly, how texts should be read if they are understood as constantly within translation. To answer these questions, this thesis seeks to develop a model of textuality that holds afterlife as central, and a model of reading based on this concept of textuality. Chapter One explores how following through the implications of Walter Benjamin’s and Jacques Derrida’s usages of the term ‘afterlife’ in their writings on translation, language and history necessarily implies a model of textuality. The model of reading that this thesis seeks to develop focuses on language and history, as Benjamin and Derrida define these as the parameters within which translation takes place. This study emphasises textuality itself as a third parameter. Chapter One also describes how, following Benjamin and Derrida, language and history are conceived as inescapable, repressive systems. This, paradoxically, allows for the concept of ‘messianicity’ – the idea that all language, and every historical event, has the potential to herald an escape from language or history. By definition, because language and history are all-encompassing, this potential cannot be enacted, and remains potential. An innovation of this thesis is to understand textuality itself as having ‘messianic potential’; all texts have the potential to escape textuality and afterlife, by reaching a point where they could no longer be translated. Understanding texts as having messianic potential, but always being subject to afterlife, is the basis of the model of reading described at the end of this chapter. Due to the ways Benjamin and Derrida suggest we recognise messianic potential, texts are read with a dual focus on their singularity and their connections to other texts. This is achieved through the ‘text-in-afterlife,’ a concept this thesis develops that understands texts as inextricable from the texts they translate and the texts that translate them. Chapters Two, Three and Four test and complicate this model of reading in response to texts by James Joyce, Aimé Césaire and Jorge Luis Borges. Concepts of textuality and reading are therefore developed throughout the thesis. The three key texts are read with focus on their individual relationships with language, history and textuality, and their connections to the texts they translate. Critics have linked Joyce’s Ulysses to multiple other texts, making it seem exceptional. However, the concept of messianicity shows that Ulysses is important precisely because it is not exceptional. Césaire’s Une Tempête demonstrates how a text can interact with several translations of ‘the same’ text simultaneously, and also that, although language and history are structured by colonialism and are inescapable, there is a huge potential for translation within these terms. Borges’ ‘Pierre Menard, Autor del Quijote’ demonstrates the form of texts’ continual translation in afterlife by describing a text that is verbally identical to the text it ‘translates,’ yet is nevertheless different in ‘meaning’ from its original. Borges’ fiction also highlights the endless potential for translation that is inherent to all texts. Through four chapters, this thesis develops a model of textuality that understands literature as defined by an almost endless potential for translation. The value of reading texts in the terms of ‘afterlife’ is to emphasise literature’s immense potential: all texts are continually translated in relation to language, history and textuality, and continually reveal further texts.

Submitted by Automação e Estatística (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-05-02T22:29:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeWittDeMendoncaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 4599695 bytes, checksum: 6df4b7337f620e00be20ae22cdb06536 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-05-04T22:24:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeWittDeMendoncaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 4599695 bytes, checksum: 6df4b7337f620e00be20ae22cdb06536 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-04T22:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeWittDeMendoncaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 4599695 bytes, checksum: 6df4b7337f620e00be20ae22cdb06536 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-06 / A obra de James Joyce (1882-1941) que trabalhamos nessa pesquisa, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, publicada em 1916, narra a história de Stephen Dedalus no período que vai da sua infância até o início da idade adulta. É a partir dessa perspectiva da evolução do texto juntamente com o personagem que propomos um estudo do romance enquanto gênero diferenciado no tratamento da categoria do tempo. Partimos com o objetivo de analisar de que maneira a linguagem desenvolvida pelo autor possibilita a criação de uma camada linguística para o desenvolvimento do personagem e do tempo ao longo da narrativa, possibilitando o compartilhamento de uma experiência temporal a partir da linguagem. Analisaremos como a linguagem é utilizada para desenvolver a temática da rebeldia do personagem, inserida na estrutura linguística da obra. Desenvolvemos essa pesquisa em A Portrait a partir do estudo de autores como Ricoeur (1995), Bakhtin (2010), Benjamin (2011), Lukács (2007), Mendilow (1972), Genette (1995), entre outros. Discutimos também a questão da interação narradorpersonagem e sua influência na evolução da narrativa, partindo de Candido (2007) e Auerbach (2002). Nossa proposta desenvolve primeiramente um estudo sobre as características romanescas que fazem da temática do tempo um elemento essencial à forma do romance. Abordamos, na sequência, a forma como a linguagem desenvolve uma reconfiguração da experiência temporal na estrutura linguística do romance. Chegamos à conclusão de que para configurar o tempo por meio da linguagem, o autor utiliza de recursos literários como, por exemplo, a relação entre o narrador e personagem observada na manipulação do ponto de vista, a possibilidade de unir o discurso do narrador às palavras do personagem por meio de uma linguagem híbrida, o uso de ferramentas como a repetição ou a exploração dos níveis da consciência do personagem pela sua linguagem, além da adaptação de estilos e padrões narrativos correspondentes a cada etapa da vida do personagem fazendo com que a sua evolução seja sentida, não apenas declarada, na própria experiência linguística da leitura. / The work of James Joyce (1882-1941) discussed in this research, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, published in 1916, tells the story of Stephen Dedalus, in the period of time that goes from his childhood to early adulthood. It is from the perspective of the evolution of the text along with the character that we propose a study of the novel as a genre differentiated in the treatment of the category of time. We set out to analyze how the language developed by the author allows the creation of a linguistic layer for the development of the character and the category of time throughout the narrative, allowing the sharing of a temporal experience from the language. We will also analyze how the language is used to develop the theme of character's rebellion, which is also observed in the linguistic structure of the novel. We carry out this research in A Portrait from the theoretical underpinning of authors such as Ricoeur (1995), Bakhtin (2010), Benjamin (2011), Lukács (2007), Mendilow (1972), Genette (1995), among others. We also discuss the narrator-character interaction and its influence on narrative evolution, based on Candido (2007) and Auerbach (2002) theoretical background. Our proposal first depicts a study on the romanesque characteristics that make of the category of time an essential element to the form of the novel. We next deal with the way language embodies a reconfiguration of temporal experience in the linguistic structure of the novel. We conclude that in order to configure the time within the language, the author uses literary resources such as the relationship between the narrator and character, which can be seen in the manipulation of the point of view, the possibility of uniting the speech of the narrator to the words of the character through a hybrid language, the use of tools such as the repetition or the exploration of the levels of the character's consciousness by its language and the adaptation of narrative styles and patterns corresponding to each stage of the life of the character, causing its evolution to be felt, not just stated, in the linguistic experience of reading.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho estuda as personagens de Dublinenses enquanto identidades fragmentadas em um espaço opressor. Em seu primeiro livro em prosa, James Joyce articula, em quinze contos, entre outros aspectos, uma crítica à paralisação da sociedade irlandesa no final do século XIX através de personagens melancólicas ou oprimidas. A narrativa apresenta lacunas de sentido que conduzem o leitor ao entendimento da deterioração em que estão tais personagens. Para análise dos habitantes da Dublin ficcional são utilizadas questões históricas da Irlanda na época da escritura dos contos, questões da vida pessoal do escritor que influenciaram sua escritura e noções teóricas sobre espaço e memória. Algumas das causas da paralisação das personagens estão no passado histórico do país e em como a população foi traumatizada por uma crise agrícola; na dominação britânica, que impôs à ilha a utilização de um novo idioma e costumes; e na presença da igreja Católica na esfera da vida privada, determinando os costumes e traduzindo-se em violência implícita nas relações sociais. As epifanias, presentes em alguns contos, demonstram momentos em que as personagens têm uma chance de vislumbrar a paralisação em que estão inseridas, como insights reveladores. As personagens e suas histórias são apresentadas de forma fragmentada, com elipses e narrativa circular em alguns contos, proporcionando ao leitor a sensação de incompletude e ausência de perspectivas em que estão os dublinenses. Dos protagonistas podemos, muitas vezes, subentender a irrealização de desejos e a incapacidade de estabelecimento de vínculos.

While many modernist authors exhibited eugenicist tendencies which I While many modernist authors exhibited eugenicist tendencies which I will detail in this paper, Joyce wrote, implicitly and explicitly, against it. Joyce’s anti-eugenics aesthetic, expressed almost in passing by Stephen Dedalus in A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man (1916), becomes entangled in questions of bodies and national identity in Ulysses. I intend to identify a series of moments in which disgust and bodily difference in Ulysses counter the eugenics trends in elitist modernism while simultaneously criticizing racism in Irish nationalism that, in some ways, drove the movement for Irish independence. It would be impossible to provide and exhaustive exploration of all the anti-eugenics imagery in Ulysses. this project attempts to differentiate Joyce more thoroughly from his contemporaries through readings of Gerty MacDowell and Molly Bloom. Gerty is the disabled granddaughter of a racist nationalist, and she functions as an articulation of Joyce’s search for an Ireland that rejects simplistic, narrow-minded nationalism. Molly, Ulysses’ ultimate heroine, takes ownership of her sexuality, thereby countering the eugenics project. I read both women as counter-eugenics icons who personify an anti-hegemonic ideal through their relationships with their own bodies.

This thesis consists of a collection of short stories stylistically reminiscent of the works of James Joyce yet with an Appalachian and feminist voice. Waiting for Mary Jane should appeal to readers interested in experimental styles as well as feminist and Appalachian literature. The protagonist of the collection is Mary Jane, a female from present day East Tennessee. The reader experiences her life from age three to thirty. The introduction to the collection explores the link between James Joyce, Appalachia, Feminist writing, and the short stories. Structurally and thematically the collection reflects the works of James Joyce by using the concept of epiphany and experimental styles evolving from Joyce's Ulysses. As Mary Jane ages she changes from a pre-teen who longs for male acceptance from all surrounding men, including her farmer father, to a grown woman whose mental well-being is far more important than her outward appearance.

This thesis consists of three short stories in very different genres but tied together by a intensely personal look at the lives of its protagonists culminating in epiphanies. One of these epiphanies is intended solely for the reader, but in two cases, the reader and character gains the insight. “The Tears of Angels” looks at the effect one person in a moment, even a stranger, can have on the protagonist’s life. “Climbing Heaven and Gazing on Earth” focuses on the haunting power of history and the need we as humans can feel to share a story, to make sense of it, no matter how personal. In “To Set It Right,” I take history in a different direction, giving it a voice and a power to reach from the past. In all of the stories, the epiphanies serve to point towards meaning and enlightenment in different ways

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A partir da ideia de uma imanência materialista, a tese procura esboçar um sistema estético que se contraponha aos sistemas estéticos românticos e idealistas (principalmente confrontando-­se com noções provenientes do platonismo e do idea-­ lismo alemão e, também, com algumas noções de M. Heidegger). No percurso da tese são centrais as discussões sobre a possibilidade de se pensar por imagens e so-­ bre as implicações filosóficas, políticas, ideológicas e históricas da necessidade de se embaralhar ciência com poesia. O trabalho, pensado a partir de Ulysses de James Joyce, procura compreender o que as concepções de história, filosofia e política po-­ dem aprender com a experiência da literatura e para isso, a tese analisa principalmente as obras de Homero, Platão, G. Vico, Th. Adorno e B. Espinosa; além desses autores, há uma presença forte das obras de K. Marx e S. Beckett. O trabalho se desdobra a partir do capítulo doze de Ulysses, em que Leopold Bloom se confronta com o cidadão. Este confronto, em um pub de Dublin, é a uma espécie de me-­ tempsicose anacrônica do confronto ente Odisseu e Polifemo na caverna homérica. A tese analisa cinco reencarnações históricas deste confronto cavernoso, respecti-­ vamente seguindo a ordem dos capítulos, temos: cap. I -­ Ulysses de Joyce; cap. II a Dialética do Esclarecimento de Adorno e Horkheimer, principalmente Ulisses ou Mito e Esclarecimento; Cap. III a Ciência Nova de Vico, principalmente A descoberta do Verdadeiro Homero; Cap. IV -­ a Odisséia de Homero interpretada por meio da astu-­ ciosa inteligência da Métis grega; Cap. V -­ Ulysses de Joyce, principalmente o cap. XII do romance. A conclusão procura retraçar o percurso da tese, demonstrando como uma ideia de imanência materialista com base na filosofia de Espinosa esteve implíci-­ ta como o fundamento de nossa proposta de uma Estética da Imanência. / Centred on an idea of materialistic immanence, the thesis aims to outline an aesthetic \"system\" in opposition to the romantic and idealistic aesthetic systems (confronting mainly with aesthetic notions from Platonism and German idealism, but also with some notions from M. Heidegger). In the course of the thesis it is central to discuss about the possibility of thinking through images and the implications for philosophical, political and historical need to mix up science with poetry. The work, conceived regarding James Joyce\'s Ulysses, aims to understand what the conceptions of history, philosophy and politics can learn from the experience of literature, for this, the thesis analyses the works of Homer, Plato, G. Vico, Th. Adorno and B. Spino-­ za, in addition to these authors, there is a strong presence of K. Marx and S. Beckett. The work unfolds from the 12th chapter of Ulysses, where Bloom confronts the citi-­ zen. This confrontation in a Dublin pub is an anachronic \"metempsychosis\" of the confrontation between Odysseus and Polyphemus in the Homeric cave present in the Odyssey. The thesis examines five historical \"reincarnations\" of this cavernous confrontation, following the order of the chapters, we have: ch. I -­ Joyce\'s Ulysses; ch. II -­ Dialectic of Enlightenment, especially \'Odysseus or Myth and Enlightenment\' by Adorno and Horkheimer; ch. III -­ New Science, especially \'The discovery of the True Homer\' by Giambattista Vico; ch. IV -­ Homers Odyssey interpreted through the cunning intelligence of the Greek Métis; ch V -­ Joyce\'s Ulysses, especially chap. XII of the novel. The conclusion of the work aims to retrace the course of the thesis demonstrating how an idea of materialistic immanence based on the philosophy of Spinoza was implicitly the fundament of our Aesthetics of Immanence.