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In this project, I analyze women's humor in three of Jane Austen's novels: Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, and Emma. Using speech-act theory, I specifically examine Elizabeth's, Emma's, and Mary's utterances to demonstrate that in order for humorous utterances to be subversive, they must challenge societal or patriarchal constructs (religion, misogynist men, marriage, the feminine ideal) and do so artfully. An indirect speech act--a play on words, an insult, even a laugh--is often far more effective than a more direct one, especially when wielded by characters for whom a direct antagonistic speech act would have severe social consequences. When those socially-sanctioned and highly-regulated speech acts--marriages, wills, introductions, invitations, letters, titles--are less accessible or less beneficial to women, only indirect speech acts remain a viable option. / Master of Arts

Dans son dernier roman achevé intitulé Persuasion, Jane Austen se sert fréquemment du style indirect afin de représenter la pensée du personnage principal, Anne Elliot. Ce roman fut traduit en français pour la première fois en 1821 par Isabelle de Montolieu, publié à Paris sous le titre de La Famille Elliot, ou l’ancienne inclination. Qu’est-ce que le style indirect libre devient dans la narration de la première traduction française de Persuasion ? La formulation de cette question, que nous envisageons à partir d’un corpus de textes théoriques, fait suite à un certain nombre de travaux consacrés aux relations entre la traduction et le discours rapporté qui ont mis en évidence le rôle du style indirect libre dans la traduction de Montolieu. On propose pour la première fois l’application des concepts narratologiques à l’analyse de cette traduction : notre étude s’appuie ainsi sur des notions opératoires susceptibles de saisir sa singularité narrative et le rapport entre le discours rapporté et la traduction. Le troisième chapitre de notre étude débute sur l’analyse de notre traduction. Grâce aux concepts issus de la narratologie surtout à tendance « énonciative », nous avons pu regarder au-delà de la phrase pour finir par remarquer que le style indirect libre est surtout très répandu dans la narration de La Famille Elliot. Nous souhaiterions ici combler une lacune en consacrant la présente étude à un phénomène souvent jugé « extraordinaire ». Pour autant, le présent ouvrage ne doit pas être considéré uniquement comme une étude spécialisée, car il a aussi l’ambition de contribuer à l’étude du discours rapporté au sein du texte traduit en général. / In Persuasion, Jane Austen uses this technique to present Anne Elliot’s consciousness. Persuasion, Austen’s posthumously published “late” novel is first translated by Isabelle de Montolieu as La Famille Elliot, ou l’ancienne inclination, Paris, 1821. This thesis analyses the translation of FID from Persuasion to La Famille Elliot. How does Montolieu handle this technique? In chapter 1 we point out that the main reason Montolieu’s use of FID in La Famille Elliot has been neglected for so long has far less to do with Austen’s fortunes in France than with an obsession with lexical and semantic equivalence within translation studies. One of the main purposes of this study is to extend the vision of translation studies beyond the level of the sentence. We think that we achieve this by setting out to document the existence of FID in the target text narration. I argue in chapter 2 that it is impossible to comment on the narrator or FID in La Famille Elliot with any precision without first analysing definitions of these abstractions within narratology. These analytical concepts may then, only then, be applied meaningfully to the target text. Ultimately, this is what this present study does in so far as it is a target-oriented translation study that draws on key concepts from the field of narratology. A re-evaluation of the target text narration within the conceptual framework of narratology reveals extensive use of FID. In chapters 3 and 4, our analysis demonstrates that sophisticated use of FID is frequently in evidence in the target text narration. In chapter 3, we analyse several passages of FID that often function to represent the complex life of the heroine’s mind as she converses with herself. In chapter 4, we analyse numerous passages of FID that seamlessly wed the narration in La Famille Elliot to the heroine’s point of view (PDV), demonstrating that the narration achieves this focus on the heroine’s consciousness through syntactically unmarked fragments of FID thought report.

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o vlog The Lizzie Bennet Diaries (2012-2013), dos adaptadores Bernie Su e Hank Green, como adaptação feminista do romance Pride and Prejudice (1813), da escritora inglesa Jane Austen. Parte-se inicialmente de uma definição de vlog, verificando as peculiaridades formais e técnicas deste formato, para em seguida observar como se deu a adaptação do romance inglês que lhe serviu de inspiração. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, conforme o proposto por Toury (1995), do processo de adaptação, buscando verificar quais os procedimentos e tipos mais frequentes, considerando os conceitos de adaptação propostos por Sanders (2006) e Hutcheon (2006), e associando-os a teorias de Estudos da Tradução, principalmente Lefevere (1992), bem como as considerações teóricas de Elliot (2003) sobre adaptação. A análise femisnista de Austen e sua obra baseia-se principalmente nos estudos de Johnson (1990) e Kaplan (1992). / The aim of this work is to study the vlog The Lizzie Bennet Diaries (2012-2013), by adapters Bernie Su and Hank Green, as a feminist adaptation of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice (1813). It starts with the definition of vlog, checking the formal and technical peculiarities of this format, so as to see how the adaptation of the English novel which inspired it took place. It is a descriptive study, as proposed by Toury (1995), of the adaptation process, seeking to verify the most frequent procedures and types, considering the adaptation concepts as proposed by Sanders (2006) and Hutcheon (2006), and associating them with Translation Studies theories, mainly Lefevere (1992), as well as the theoretical considerations by Elliot (2003) on adaptation. Feminist analysis of Austen and her work is mainly based on the studies of Johnson (1990) and Kaplan (1992).

O presente trabalho faz um estudo crítico de Pride and Prejudice (1813), de Jane Austen, buscando mostrar aproximações da obra com as mudanças sociais, políticas, econômicas e ideológicas que ocorreram na Inglaterra da passagem do século XVIII ao XIX, a partir da ascensão da burguesia. Com base na construção feita da heroína Elizabeth Bennet como uma personagem racional, em oposição às demais personagens do romance, contrastes de classe e gênero são explorados, de modo a conduzir a análise para uma interpretação da maneira como o casamento (atuação social principal de mulheres de certa classe no período) é desenvolvido ao longo de todo o romance, acabando por se tornar o fio condutor da narrativa uma verdadeira investigação de significados sociais desenvolvida pela autora. / This work brings a critical study of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice (1813). It aims to show the approaches between the book and social, political, economic and ideological transformations that took place in England in the transition of the eighteenth century to the nineteenth, since the rise of the bourgeoisie. Based on the construction of the heroine Elizabeth Bennet as a rational character, in opposition to the other characters of the novel, class and gender contrasts are explored in order to conduct the analysis to an interpretation of how the marriage (the main social activity of women of a certain class in the period) is developed throughout the novel, eventually becoming the underlying theme of the narrative a true research of social meanings developed by the author.

Malgré les nombreuses études menées sur Austen, aucun travail littéraire exhaustif n’a été réalisé à ce jour sur la représentation et la signification que cet auteur a donné aux vêtements dans ses romans. Quelques articles sur un vêtement précis ont été publiés. D’autres ouvrages recensent, quant à eux, les tenues citées en les classant par thème ou par roman, mais sans analyser les choix de l’auteur. Ce travail de thèse vient allier les tenues qui apparaissent dans les œuvres d’Austen, ou qui sont mentionnées, à l’analyse de ces dernières, dans le but de montrer que l’auteur ne choisissait pas les références à la mode incluses dans ses écrits de façon anodine, et d’en expliquer les tenants et les aboutissants. Elle se servait en effet des tenues de ses personnages et de leurs conversations à propos de la mode pour faire passer subtilement à ses lecteurs les idées qu’elle avait sur le contexte social, historique et idéologique de l’Angleterre de la fin du XVIIIème siècle et du début du XIXème siècle. Deux écoles coexistent, sans que les critiques puissent s’accorder. L’une affirme qu’Austen est conservatrice et l’autre qu’elle est féministe. On peut alors se demander si pour Austen, la mode est un sujet pour lequel elle est davantage tournée vers le féminisme ou le conservatisme. Aucune de ces deux écoles n’ayant réussi à supplanter l’autre, l’examen d’un sujet typiquement féminin pourra éventuellement apporter une avancée dans ce débat.Ces travaux de recherche s’appuient sur la correspondance d’Austen, sur l’analyse descriptive des vêtements dans ses romans, sur des ouvrages consacrés aux toilettes des XVIIIème et XIXème siècles, sur la sociologie et la psychologie de la mode, ainsi que sur la sémiotique vestimentaire. Cette thèse se réfère également aux changements radicaux subits par la mode à cette époque et qui découlent directement des évènements historiques et sociopolitiques qui se sont déroulés peu avant et pendant les années d’écriture d’Austen. Ces changements sont eux-mêmes en lien avec les idées véhiculées par la littérature. Ce travail montre la portée des vêtements dans les œuvres de cet auteur. Enfin, un travail sur les costumes ne saurait être exhaustif sans aborder la représentation cinématographique de l’univers austenien. Ainsi, l’analyse d’extraits évoquant la mode ou l’élégance chez Austen s'accompagne d'une réflexion sur la méthodologie adoptée par les producteurs pour adapter à l’écran les costumes des personnages de la romancière / In spite of the numerous studies dealing with Austen, there has been no exhaustive literary work on the representation and signification of clothes that this author gives in her novels. Some articles presenting a specific piece of clothes have been published. Some thorough works sort the costumes by theme or novel, but without really analyzing the choices of the writer. This thesis combines the attires cited in Austen’s works, or that are mentioned in the dialogues, together with their analysis in order to show that the author did not choose the references to fashion in her novels at random, and to explain her choices, and what they imply. She uses dress code for her characters, and in the conversations they hold, to subtly vehicle, to her readers, her own vision and ideas about the social, historical, and ideological context in England at the turn of the nineteenth century. One would wonder if fashion for Austen is an indication of feminism or conservatism. A further investigation in a subject that is supposed to be typically feminist would make us see better into the debate.This work is based on Austen’s letters and books which are dedicated to the descriptive analysis of the clothes worn by Austen’s characters in the novels, and on works dealing with the garments of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, on sociology, and psychology of fashion, and on semiotics of fashion. This thesis also refers to the radical changes that fashion underwent at this time, and that came directly from historical and sociopolitical events that were taking place a short time before, and during, Austen’s writing years. These changes are themselves linked to literature. This work highlights the impact of clothes in Austen’s works. Finally, a study on costumes would not be complete without tackling the cinematographic representation of Austen’s world. Thus, the analysis of extracts recalling fashion or elegance is backed up with a consideration of the methodology brought by the producers to adapt the costumes of Austen’s characters to the screen

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o vlog The Lizzie Bennet Diaries (2012-2013), dos adaptadores Bernie Su e Hank Green, como adaptação feminista do romance Pride and Prejudice (1813), da escritora inglesa Jane Austen. Parte-se inicialmente de uma definição de vlog, verificando as peculiaridades formais e técnicas deste formato, para em seguida observar como se deu a adaptação do romance inglês que lhe serviu de inspiração. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, conforme o proposto por Toury (1995), do processo de adaptação, buscando verificar quais os procedimentos e tipos mais frequentes, considerando os conceitos de adaptação propostos por Sanders (2006) e Hutcheon (2006), e associando-os a teorias de Estudos da Tradução, principalmente Lefevere (1992), bem como as considerações teóricas de Elliot (2003) sobre adaptação. A análise femisnista de Austen e sua obra baseia-se principalmente nos estudos de Johnson (1990) e Kaplan (1992). / The aim of this work is to study the vlog The Lizzie Bennet Diaries (2012-2013), by adapters Bernie Su and Hank Green, as a feminist adaptation of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice (1813). It starts with the definition of vlog, checking the formal and technical peculiarities of this format, so as to see how the adaptation of the English novel which inspired it took place. It is a descriptive study, as proposed by Toury (1995), of the adaptation process, seeking to verify the most frequent procedures and types, considering the adaptation concepts as proposed by Sanders (2006) and Hutcheon (2006), and associating them with Translation Studies theories, mainly Lefevere (1992), as well as the theoretical considerations by Elliot (2003) on adaptation. Feminist analysis of Austen and her work is mainly based on the studies of Johnson (1990) and Kaplan (1992).

Jane Austen är en av 1800-talets mest lästa författare och har vunnit stor popularitet tack vare sina ingående och humoristiska porträtt av det engelska samhället. Just hennes livliga beskrivningar av livet på den engelska landsbygden runt år 1800 kryddade med en satirisk underton gör Austens romaner intressanta objekt för litteraturanalys. Trots att hennes texter är fast rotade i sin tid tycks de aldrig bli omoderna, vilket beror på att människor nu som då brottas med liknande problem och ställningstaganden. 200 år senare tvingas vi fortfarande fatta livsavgörande beslut som rör kärlek, pengar och status. En av hennes mest kända verk - Sense and Sensibility - publicerades 1811 och är en klassisk Austenroman som tar upp just problematiken kring dessa teman. Det faktum att vi idag handskas med samma dilemman gör dessutom Sense and Sensibility väl lämpad att använda för klassrumsundervisning.   Denna uppsats argumentation bygger på ett antagande att Austen förespråkar en balans mellan pengar och passion i val av make/maka. Genom att jämföra tre kvinnliga karaktärer och deras inställning till äktenskapet, såväl som konsekvenserna av deras värderingar och val visas att en balans av materiellt och emotionellt välstånd är att föredra. Slutligen föreslås hur Sense and Sensibility kan ses ur ett didaktiskt perspektiv. Detta avsnitt behandlar såväl litteraturundervisning i allmänhet som en praktisk plan över hur man som lärare kan använda sig av just detta verk i engelskundervisningen. / Jane Austen, one of the most widely-read authors of the 19th century, and her at the same time thorough and humorous portraits of English society have gained massive popularity in recent years. Especially her lively depiction of life in the English countryside in the early 1800s, accompanied by an explicit satirical note, makes her novels suitable and interesting objects of literature studies. Even though her stories are deeply rooted in their own time and society, they never seem to go out of fashion. This can be explained by the fact that in many ways people today are dealing with similar problems and critical choices. 200 years later, we still need to take issues such as love, money, and status into consideration when making life-determining decisions. One of Austen’s most famous novels, Sense and Sensibility, was published in 1811 and deals with the problematic sides of this topic. The fact that we are facing similar predicaments today makes it a worthwhile novel for classroom work, as well.   This essay is based on the argument that Austen promotes a balance between money and passion when it comes to choosing a spouse. A comparison between three female characters and their approach to marriage, as well as the consequences of their values and choices shows that a balance of material and emotional wealth is preferable. Finally, the essay makes didactical suggestions as to how the novel can be used in a classroom setting. This section consists of two parts: firstly, teaching of literature in general and secondly, a practical plan on how to use this particular novel when teaching English as a foreign language.

Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss.

O presente trabalho faz um estudo crítico de Pride and Prejudice (1813), de Jane Austen, buscando mostrar aproximações da obra com as mudanças sociais, políticas, econômicas e ideológicas que ocorreram na Inglaterra da passagem do século XVIII ao XIX, a partir da ascensão da burguesia. Com base na construção feita da heroína Elizabeth Bennet como uma personagem racional, em oposição às demais personagens do romance, contrastes de classe e gênero são explorados, de modo a conduzir a análise para uma interpretação da maneira como o casamento (atuação social principal de mulheres de certa classe no período) é desenvolvido ao longo de todo o romance, acabando por se tornar o fio condutor da narrativa uma verdadeira investigação de significados sociais desenvolvida pela autora. / This work brings a critical study of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice (1813). It aims to show the approaches between the book and social, political, economic and ideological transformations that took place in England in the transition of the eighteenth century to the nineteenth, since the rise of the bourgeoisie. Based on the construction of the heroine Elizabeth Bennet as a rational character, in opposition to the other characters of the novel, class and gender contrasts are explored in order to conduct the analysis to an interpretation of how the marriage (the main social activity of women of a certain class in the period) is developed throughout the novel, eventually becoming the underlying theme of the narrative a true research of social meanings developed by the author.