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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A memória coletiva e a construção da identidade em famílias da Sociedade Israelita de Ribeirão Preto / The collective memory and identity construction in families from Israeli Society of Ribeirão Preto.

Cosentino, Milena Callegari 06 June 2013 (has links)
As mutações da sociedade atual e a aceleração do tempo histórico levam a um impulso de coesão com e no passado, de arraigo às origens, buscando pistas de identidade contidas nesse passado coletivo. Os fenômenos da globalização parecem conduzir a uma necessidade de enraizamento e de continuidade; necessidades preenchidas pela memória. Esta, na perspectiva de Maurice Halbwachs, possui ao mesmo tempo um caráter individual e um coletivo, sendo, em parte, modelada pela família e pelos grupos sociais. Revela tanto aspectos da identidade pessoal como social e aponta qual lugar os indivíduos e os grupos ocupam na sociedade. A tradição judaica é a tradição da memória por excelência e a história do povo judeu ilustra os mecanismos da memória e da lembrança. Nesta tradição os rituais e os relatos são canais que transmitem a memória através dos tempos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar como membros e familiares de uma comunidade judaica vivem a memória coletiva e o que isso significa em suas vidas cotidianas, visando apreender o processo de construção da identidade individual. Entrevistamos 13 pessoas, de cinco famílias diferentes, descendentes de judeus que imigraram para o Brasil. O contato foi proporcionado pela Sociedade Israelita de Ribeirão Preto. Para entrevistar, utilizamos o método da história oral, uma narrativa linear e individual do que os participantes consideram significativo. Neste método, a memória é uma forma de evidência histórica e deve ser analisada como tal. Considerando que na memória as pessoas constroem um sentido do passado, a reflexão ocupa um lugar fundamental para a ressignificação deste passado recordado. As entrevistas, gravadas e transcritas, são apresentadas na íntegra. Os participantes são categorizados em grupos, por família e grau de parentesco. Família 1: Maria (filha), Fernando (neto) e Calebe (neto); Família 2: Patrícia (filha) e Iracy (neta); Família 3 : Antônio (filho), Josy (neta) e Alex (neto); Família 4: Vânia (filha) e Talita (neta); Família 5: Zélia (filha), Daniel (neto) e Raquel (neta). Os nomes são fictícios visando preservar sua identidade. Nas entrevistas notamos uma riqueza pela diversidade e semelhança: são pessoas da mesma família ou de famílias diferentes, que percebem e elaboram a experiência de suas famílias de modos distintos, particulares, complementares e às vezes parecidos, que enriquece a análise e favorece a reflexão, servindo de modelo para alguns aspectos da vida. Também percebemos um processo de construção da identidade: necessidade de contar ou silenciar; como enfrentam eventos traumáticos; como preservam ou não a religião e as tradições; as mudanças ao longo das gerações; a relação com o trabalho e o meio em que vivem; os valores herdados e transmitidos para as próximas gerações, entre outros aspectos que surgiram nas narrativas. O conceito de memória coletiva iluminou a maneira de olharmos para os participantes e seus relatos. Possibilitou que notássemos o que ficou do passado no grupo estudado e o que o grupo fez com o passado. Mais do que conclusões ou pressupostos, alertamos que as entrevistas possuem infindáveis conteúdos para serem explorados e apenas alguns destes aspectos foram abordados neste estudo. / Changes in society and the current acceleration of historical time lead to a impulse and cohesion with the past, to root of the origins, seeking identity clues contained in this collective past. The phenomena of globalization seem to lead to a need for rootedness and continuity; these needs are filled by the memory. From the perspective of Maurice Halbwachs memory has both an individual and a collective character, being partly shaped by family and social groups. It reveals both aspects of personal and social identity and points which place individuals and groups occupied in society. The Jewish tradition is the tradition of memory by excellence and the Jewish people´s history illustrates the mechanisms of memory and remembrance. In this tradition rituals and accounts are channels that transmit memory through the ages. The aim of this research was to study how members and relatives from Jewish community live the collective memory and what it means in their everyday lives, in order to apprehend the process of individual identity construction. We interviewed 13 people from five different families, descendants of Jews who immigrated to Brazil. The contact was provided by the Israeli Society of Ribeirão Preto. To interview, we used the oral history method, a linear and individual narrative of what the participants considered significant. In this method, the memory is a way of historical evidence and should be considered as such. Considering that in memory people build a sense of the past, reflection occupies a key place to resignification this past remembered. The interviews were taped and transcribed, are presented in full. Participants are categorized in groups by family and parentage. Family 1: Maria (daughter), Fernando (grandson) and Calebe (grandson); Family 2: Patricia (daughter) and Iracy (granddaughter); Family 3: Antônio (son), Josy (granddaughter) and Alex (grandson); Family 4: Vânia (daughter) and Talita (granddaughter); Family 5: Zélia (daughter), Daniel (grandson) and Raquel (granddaughter). The names are fictitious to preserve their identity. In the interviews we noticed a wealth of diversity and similarity: they are people from the same family or different families, who realize and elaborate their families experience in different, particular, complementary and sometimes similar ways, which enriches the analysis and encourages reflection, serving as a model for some aspects of life. Also realize a process of identity construction: need for tell or silence; how they face traumatic events; how preserve or not religion and traditions; changes over the generations; the relationship with the work and the medium in which they live; values inherited and transmitted to the next generations, among other aspects that emerged in the narratives. The concept of collective memory illuminated the way we look into the participants and their accounts. Enabled us to observe what became from the past in the group studied and what the group made with the past. More than conclusions or assumptions, we caution that the interviews have countless content to be explored, and only some of these aspects were approached in this study.
2

Imigrantes judeus em São Paulo: a reinvenção do cotidiano no Bom Retiro (1930-2000)

Corrêa, Ana Cláudia Pinto 02 July 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CLAUDIA PINTO CORREA.pdf: 3501631 bytes, checksum: d8fed1f5dae7aedba1978b806cb264d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work in ivestigates the experiences of Jewish immigrants that have tight ties the Bom Retiro neighborhood located in the city of São Paulo, area that was, years ago, by a large majority of Jewish occupation. The Jewish routine that had as the main methodology of research the Oral History, was grasped in its expectations, fears, dreams and tensions, giving us an investigation about how the immigrants and their descendants are positioned in relation to their identifiable references, the occupation and use of that urban space and the organizations that were created during their stay in the neighborhood. We notice that nowadays, in spite of not having a Jewish majority population anymore, not only are their marks evidenced but they keep alive during the continuity of the use that the subjects do around them / Este trabalho investiga as experiências dos imigrantes judeus que possuem estreitos laços com o bairro do Bom Retiro localizado na cidade de São Paulo, local que foi, anos atrás, majoritariamente de ocupação judaica. O cotidiano judaico, que teve como principal método de pesquisa a História Oral, foi apreendido em suas expectativas, temores, sonhos e tensões, nos permitindo uma averiguação de como os imigrantes e seus descendentes se posicionam quanto às suas referências identitárias, à ocupação e utilização daquele espaço urbano e às organizações que criaram ao longo de sua permanência no bairro. Observa-se que hoje, embora o bairro não tenha mais a população judaica como maioria, suas marcas não só evidenciam-se, mas mantêm-se vivas pela continuidade do uso que os sujeitos fazem delas
3

A memória coletiva e a construção da identidade em famílias da Sociedade Israelita de Ribeirão Preto / The collective memory and identity construction in families from Israeli Society of Ribeirão Preto.

Milena Callegari Cosentino 06 June 2013 (has links)
As mutações da sociedade atual e a aceleração do tempo histórico levam a um impulso de coesão com e no passado, de arraigo às origens, buscando pistas de identidade contidas nesse passado coletivo. Os fenômenos da globalização parecem conduzir a uma necessidade de enraizamento e de continuidade; necessidades preenchidas pela memória. Esta, na perspectiva de Maurice Halbwachs, possui ao mesmo tempo um caráter individual e um coletivo, sendo, em parte, modelada pela família e pelos grupos sociais. Revela tanto aspectos da identidade pessoal como social e aponta qual lugar os indivíduos e os grupos ocupam na sociedade. A tradição judaica é a tradição da memória por excelência e a história do povo judeu ilustra os mecanismos da memória e da lembrança. Nesta tradição os rituais e os relatos são canais que transmitem a memória através dos tempos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar como membros e familiares de uma comunidade judaica vivem a memória coletiva e o que isso significa em suas vidas cotidianas, visando apreender o processo de construção da identidade individual. Entrevistamos 13 pessoas, de cinco famílias diferentes, descendentes de judeus que imigraram para o Brasil. O contato foi proporcionado pela Sociedade Israelita de Ribeirão Preto. Para entrevistar, utilizamos o método da história oral, uma narrativa linear e individual do que os participantes consideram significativo. Neste método, a memória é uma forma de evidência histórica e deve ser analisada como tal. Considerando que na memória as pessoas constroem um sentido do passado, a reflexão ocupa um lugar fundamental para a ressignificação deste passado recordado. As entrevistas, gravadas e transcritas, são apresentadas na íntegra. Os participantes são categorizados em grupos, por família e grau de parentesco. Família 1: Maria (filha), Fernando (neto) e Calebe (neto); Família 2: Patrícia (filha) e Iracy (neta); Família 3 : Antônio (filho), Josy (neta) e Alex (neto); Família 4: Vânia (filha) e Talita (neta); Família 5: Zélia (filha), Daniel (neto) e Raquel (neta). Os nomes são fictícios visando preservar sua identidade. Nas entrevistas notamos uma riqueza pela diversidade e semelhança: são pessoas da mesma família ou de famílias diferentes, que percebem e elaboram a experiência de suas famílias de modos distintos, particulares, complementares e às vezes parecidos, que enriquece a análise e favorece a reflexão, servindo de modelo para alguns aspectos da vida. Também percebemos um processo de construção da identidade: necessidade de contar ou silenciar; como enfrentam eventos traumáticos; como preservam ou não a religião e as tradições; as mudanças ao longo das gerações; a relação com o trabalho e o meio em que vivem; os valores herdados e transmitidos para as próximas gerações, entre outros aspectos que surgiram nas narrativas. O conceito de memória coletiva iluminou a maneira de olharmos para os participantes e seus relatos. Possibilitou que notássemos o que ficou do passado no grupo estudado e o que o grupo fez com o passado. Mais do que conclusões ou pressupostos, alertamos que as entrevistas possuem infindáveis conteúdos para serem explorados e apenas alguns destes aspectos foram abordados neste estudo. / Changes in society and the current acceleration of historical time lead to a impulse and cohesion with the past, to root of the origins, seeking identity clues contained in this collective past. The phenomena of globalization seem to lead to a need for rootedness and continuity; these needs are filled by the memory. From the perspective of Maurice Halbwachs memory has both an individual and a collective character, being partly shaped by family and social groups. It reveals both aspects of personal and social identity and points which place individuals and groups occupied in society. The Jewish tradition is the tradition of memory by excellence and the Jewish people´s history illustrates the mechanisms of memory and remembrance. In this tradition rituals and accounts are channels that transmit memory through the ages. The aim of this research was to study how members and relatives from Jewish community live the collective memory and what it means in their everyday lives, in order to apprehend the process of individual identity construction. We interviewed 13 people from five different families, descendants of Jews who immigrated to Brazil. The contact was provided by the Israeli Society of Ribeirão Preto. To interview, we used the oral history method, a linear and individual narrative of what the participants considered significant. In this method, the memory is a way of historical evidence and should be considered as such. Considering that in memory people build a sense of the past, reflection occupies a key place to resignification this past remembered. The interviews were taped and transcribed, are presented in full. Participants are categorized in groups by family and parentage. Family 1: Maria (daughter), Fernando (grandson) and Calebe (grandson); Family 2: Patricia (daughter) and Iracy (granddaughter); Family 3: Antônio (son), Josy (granddaughter) and Alex (grandson); Family 4: Vânia (daughter) and Talita (granddaughter); Family 5: Zélia (daughter), Daniel (grandson) and Raquel (granddaughter). The names are fictitious to preserve their identity. In the interviews we noticed a wealth of diversity and similarity: they are people from the same family or different families, who realize and elaborate their families experience in different, particular, complementary and sometimes similar ways, which enriches the analysis and encourages reflection, serving as a model for some aspects of life. Also realize a process of identity construction: need for tell or silence; how they face traumatic events; how preserve or not religion and traditions; changes over the generations; the relationship with the work and the medium in which they live; values inherited and transmitted to the next generations, among other aspects that emerged in the narratives. The concept of collective memory illuminated the way we look into the participants and their accounts. Enabled us to observe what became from the past in the group studied and what the group made with the past. More than conclusions or assumptions, we caution that the interviews have countless content to be explored, and only some of these aspects were approached in this study.
4

Die Bedeutung kultureller Faktoren beim Bildungserwerb von Migrantenkindern

Hämmerling, Aline 19 September 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Die Arbeit untersucht die kulturellen Bestimmungsfaktoren des Bildungserwerbs von Zuwandererschülern im Vergleich zu Schülern aus nichtgewanderten Familien. Genauer handelt es sich bei den untersuchten Migrantengruppen um ex-sowjetische (Spät-)Aussiedler in Deutschland und ex-sowjetisch jüdische Zuwanderer in Israel, die nach dem Zusammenbruch des Sowjetregimes ausgewandert sind. Den Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit bildet die Frage, ob sich Bildungsdisparitäten zwischen Migranten und Einheimischen sowie innerhalb einer Migrantengruppe auf Differenzen in den kulturellen Orientierungen der Zuwandererfamilien und auf die damit verbundenen kulturspezifischen Fertigkeiten der Schüler zurückführen lassen. Die bisherige soziologische Bildungsforschung klammert kulturelle Aspekte bei der Erklärung von Unterschieden im Bildungserwerb zwischen Schülern mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund weitestgehend aus. Die Arbeit versucht auf theoretischer Ebene, die kulturelle Dimension ethnischer Bildungsungleichheiten zu erfassen. Zur systema-tischen Erschließung der kulturellen Dimension migrantenspezifischer Ungleichheiten im Bildungssystem werden im Theoriekapitel drei Theoriestränge – integrations- bzw. assimilationstheoretische Ansätze, der Kultureller Kapitalansatz, der Ressourcen-Investitionsansatz – miteinander verknüpft und daraus Hypothesen abgeleitet. Die aufgestellten Annahmen werden mit den Daten des Immigrants’ Children in the Educational System of Germany and Israel-Projekts (BMBF-Förderung, Laufzeit: 2006-2010) bei ex-sowjetischen Zuwanderern in Deutschland und in Israel empirisch überprüft. Die Arbeit liefert Befunde, wie die intergenerationale Übertragung kultureller und kulturspezifischer Fertigkeiten in Migrantenfamilien im Vergleich zu einheimischen Familien verläuft und welche Bedeutung der Kultur des Herkunftslandes im Vergleich zu der des Aufnahmelandes beim Bildungserwerb von Migranten zukommt. Zusätzlich stellt die Arbeit die konträren Argumente der assimilationstheoretischen Ansätze gegenüber und fragt nach der empirischen Gültigkeit der theoretischen Ansätze.
5

Die Bedeutung kultureller Faktoren beim Bildungserwerb von Migrantenkindern: Ein empirischer Test von Integrationsansätzen am Beispiel ex-sowjetischer Zuwanderer in Deutschland und Israel

Hämmerling, Aline 17 July 2013 (has links)
Die Arbeit untersucht die kulturellen Bestimmungsfaktoren des Bildungserwerbs von Zuwandererschülern im Vergleich zu Schülern aus nichtgewanderten Familien. Genauer handelt es sich bei den untersuchten Migrantengruppen um ex-sowjetische (Spät-)Aussiedler in Deutschland und ex-sowjetisch jüdische Zuwanderer in Israel, die nach dem Zusammenbruch des Sowjetregimes ausgewandert sind. Den Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit bildet die Frage, ob sich Bildungsdisparitäten zwischen Migranten und Einheimischen sowie innerhalb einer Migrantengruppe auf Differenzen in den kulturellen Orientierungen der Zuwandererfamilien und auf die damit verbundenen kulturspezifischen Fertigkeiten der Schüler zurückführen lassen. Die bisherige soziologische Bildungsforschung klammert kulturelle Aspekte bei der Erklärung von Unterschieden im Bildungserwerb zwischen Schülern mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund weitestgehend aus. Die Arbeit versucht auf theoretischer Ebene, die kulturelle Dimension ethnischer Bildungsungleichheiten zu erfassen. Zur systema-tischen Erschließung der kulturellen Dimension migrantenspezifischer Ungleichheiten im Bildungssystem werden im Theoriekapitel drei Theoriestränge – integrations- bzw. assimilationstheoretische Ansätze, der Kultureller Kapitalansatz, der Ressourcen-Investitionsansatz – miteinander verknüpft und daraus Hypothesen abgeleitet. Die aufgestellten Annahmen werden mit den Daten des Immigrants’ Children in the Educational System of Germany and Israel-Projekts (BMBF-Förderung, Laufzeit: 2006-2010) bei ex-sowjetischen Zuwanderern in Deutschland und in Israel empirisch überprüft. Die Arbeit liefert Befunde, wie die intergenerationale Übertragung kultureller und kulturspezifischer Fertigkeiten in Migrantenfamilien im Vergleich zu einheimischen Familien verläuft und welche Bedeutung der Kultur des Herkunftslandes im Vergleich zu der des Aufnahmelandes beim Bildungserwerb von Migranten zukommt. Zusätzlich stellt die Arbeit die konträren Argumente der assimilationstheoretischen Ansätze gegenüber und fragt nach der empirischen Gültigkeit der theoretischen Ansätze.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 2 Forschungsstand: Die Rolle der Kultur beim Bildungserwerb von Migranten 2.1 Ethnische Ungleichheiten im Bildungserwerb 2.2 Kulturelles Kapital und ethnische Ungleichheiten im Bildungserfolg 2.3 Zur Bedeutung der Herkunfts- und Aufnahmelandkultur für den Bildungserwerb 2.4 Zuwanderer aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion in Deutschland und in Israel 2.4.1 (Spät-)Aussiedler aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion in Deutschland 2.4.2 (Spät-)Aussiedler aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion im deutschen Bildungssystem 2.4.3 Die kulturelle Integration ex-sowjetischer (Spät-)Aussiedler in Deutschland 2.4.4 Jüdische Zuwanderer aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion in Israel 2.4.5 Ex-sowjetische jüdische Zuwanderer im israelischen Bildungssystem 2.4.6 Die kulturelle Integration ex-sowjetischer Juden in Israel 2.5 Zusammenfassung und Vergleich der ex-sowjetischen Zuwanderergruppen 3 Theorie: Die kulturelle und die strukturelle Integration von Zuwanderern 3.1 Erklärungsansätze für ethnische Unterschiede beim Bildungserwerb 3.1.1 Ansätze zur Diskriminierung beim Bildungserwerb 3.1.2 Soziologische Modelle des Bildungserwerbs 3.1.3 Humankapitaltheoretische Erklärungen des Bildungserwerbs 3.1.4 Ethnisches Kapital und die Bedeutung der Herkunftsgruppe beim Bildungserwerb 3.1.5 Der Ressourcen-Investitionsansatz 3.2 Kulturelles Kapital 3.2.1 Der Kulturelle Kapitalansatz und die kritische Einordnung 3.2.2 Modifikation und Anwendung des Kulturellen Kapitalansatzes 3.2.3 Die Anwendung des Kulturellen Kapitalansatzes auf Migranten 3.3 Ein Überblick über die Integrationsforschung 3.3.1 Die Klassischen Assimilationstheorien 3.3.2 Klassische Assimilationstheorie: Akkulturation und soziale Mobilität 3.3.3 Die Theorie Segmentierter Assimilation 3.3.4 Theorie Segmentierter Assimilation: Akkulturation und soziale Mobilität 3.3.5 Die Neue Assimilationstheorie 3.3.6 Neue Assimilationstheorie: Akkulturation und soziale Mobilität 3.3.7 Alternative Modelle: Multikulturalismus, Transnationalismus 3.3.8 Das Modell Intergenerationaler Integration 3.4 Verknüpfung von kulturellem Kapital, Integration und Bildung 3.4.1 Verknüpfung von Assimilationskonzepten und Ressourcen-Investitionsansatz 3.4.2 Verknüpfung von Assimilationskonzepten und Kulturellem Kapitalansatz 3.4.3 Verknüpfung von Ressourcen-Investitionsansatz und Kulturellem Kapitalansatz 3.5 Hypothesen zum Kulturellen Kapital und zum Bildungserwerb bei Migranten 4 Daten und Methoden 4.1 Datengrundlage 4.1.1 Besonderheit von (Spät-)Aussiedlerstichproben in Deutschland 4.1.2 Stichprobenziehung in Deutschland und Israel 4.2 Operationalisierung 4.3 Verfahren zur Imputation fehlender Werte 4.4 Randverteilungen in der deutschen Stichprobe 4.5 Randverteilungen in der israelischen Stichprobe 4.6 Analysemethoden 5 Ergebnisse 210H193 5.1 Ergebnisse für Deutschland 5.1.1 Die intergenerationale Transmission kulturellen Kapitals 5.1.2 Extrafamiliale Orte der Transmission: Das ko-ethnische Umfeld 5.1.3 Kulturelles Kapital und der Bildungserwerb 5.1.4 Aufnahmelandspezifisches kulturelles Kapital und der Bildungserwerb 5.1.5 Herkunftslandspezifisches kulturelles Kapital und der Bildungserwerb 5.1.6 Das Zusammenspiel kulturspezifischen Kapitals und der Bildungserwerb 5.1.7 Gegenläufige Kulturationsprozesse in der Familie und der Bildungserwerb 5.1.8 Das ko-ethnische Umfeld und der Bildungserwerb 5.1.9 Zusammenfassung und Einordnung der Befunde zu Deutschland 5.2 Ergebnisse für Israel 5.2.1 Die intergenerationale Transmission kulturellen Kapitals 5.2.2 Extrafamiliale Orte der Transmission: Das ko-ethnische Umfeld 5.2.3 Kulturelles Kapital und der Bildungserwerb 5.2.4 Aufnahmelandspezifisches Kapital und der Bildungserwerb 5.2.5 Herkunftslandspezifisches Kapital und der Bildungserwerb 5.2.6 Das Zusammenspiel kulturspezifischen Kapitals und der Bildungserwerb 5.2.7 Gegenläufige Kulturationsprozesse in der Familie und der Bildungserwerb 5.2.8 Das ko-ethnische Umfeld und der Bildungserwerb 5.2.9 Zusammenfassung und Einordnung der Befunde zu Israel 5.3 Vergleich der Befunde für Israel und Deutschland 6 Schlussbemerkung Literaturverzeichnis Anhang
6

Relationships of Reform: Frances MacGregor Ingram, Immigrants, and Progressivism in Louisville, Kentucky, 1900-1940

Laura Eileen Criss Bergstrom (13144761) 24 July 2022 (has links)
<p>This dissertation focuses on the life of Frances MacGregor Ingram, a progressive reformer in Louisville, Kentucky. It follows Ingram’s career in social work at the Neighborhood House settlement and the Progressive reform movements in which she held leadership positions from 1905 to 1939. This project concentrates on Ingram’s involvement in reform movements pertaining to tenement housing, garbage collection management, dance hall regulation, juvenile delinquency, mental hygiene institutions, probation, wholesome recreation, child welfare, child labor, women’s working conditions, unemployment, and Great Depression relief.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Most Progressive Era scholarship concentrates on northern cities and reformers, such as Jane Addams at Hull House. But much of the literature overlooks southern contributions to the settlement house movement and progressive reform as a whole. This dissertation serves three purposes. First it helps fill the gap in scholarship on southern progressivism. Reformers in the urban South were not limited to charity work and prohibition. They engaged in complex and dynamic social reforms. Incredibly diverse in scope, Kentucky’s reform history should be understood in the context of southern society and politics, which impacted which progressive reforms were successful and which were not.</p> <p> </p> <p>Second, it builds on other women’s reform scholars by expanding previous conceptions of the Progressive Era to include the 1930s. By doing so, it provides a better understanding of women’s reform activism. Third, this dissertation provides a more balanced approach by emphasizing the alliances Ingram formed with immigrant communities. With a few exceptions, settlement literature primarily focuses on the movement leaders. Unlike some settlements, Neighborhood House Americanization programs via clubs, recreation, and citizenship classes were negotiated between the settlement and its neighbors. Through the lens of Ingram’s urban reform experience in Kentucky, this dissertation uses gender, class, race, ethnicity, and region to unpack the complicated relationships between reformers like Ingram, working-class immigrants, and male political officials. </p>

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