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The reign of King Baldwin I (1100-1118) has thus far received little noteworthy attention by historians as the important pivotal period following the First Crusade conquest of Jerusalem in 1099. The two decades of his rule marked the extension of Latin conquests in the east, most notably by the conquest of the important coastal cities of Arsulf, Acre, Caesarea, Beirut and Sidon. These vital ports for the early Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem provided outlets to the sea for commerce, as well as safe harbors for incoming assistance from the west. Further, Baldwin led in the establishment of strong secular control over ecclesiastical authorities, and provided a model of administration for subsequent monarchs to follow until the loss of the kingdom in 1187. Baldwin's contributions to these developments are presented here in a bibliographical framework to illustrate both his important place in crusader historiography, as well as to gauge the significance of his memory in contemporary literature as a second Joshua archetype. The conquest of Jerusalem and the decades that followed were extraordinarily perilous for the western "colonial" transplants, and thus a Biblical precedent was sought as an explanation to the success of the crusaders. This thesis argues that Fulcher of Chartres, the chaplain and primary contemporary biographer of Baldwin I, saw a parallel with the Biblical figure of Joshua as beneficial to posterity. By the establishment of Baldwin's memory in such a context, Fulcher of Chartres encouraged further western support for the Latin Kingdom, and reveals the important trials that faced Jerusalem's first Latin king.

Данная магистерская диссертация посвящена теме коллаборативного перевода. Рассматриваются исторический опыт коллаборативного перевода, специфика перевода текстов разных функциональных стилей, технологии коллаборативного перевода и лексическая сочетаемость слов. В рамках исследования осуществляется коллаборативный перевод статьи из интернет-энциклопедии «Википедии», описана технология применения данного вида перевода. В результате исследования полученный перевод текста был опубликован в русскоязычном разделе сайта «Википедии». / This master’s thesis studies collaborative translation. The theoretical part considers the history of collaborative translation, specific translation features of texts of different functional styles, collaborative translation technologies, and lexical collocation are considered. In the practical section, there is carried out a collaborative translation of an article from Wikipedia, the usage of this technology being described. At the final stage of the research, the resulting Russian version of the text was published in Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The present research has been aimed at investigating how imperialism and colonialism are located both in the biblical text (cf. Joshua 1-12) and in present day interpretive postcolonial contexts such as that of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. An investigation was made of the unequal power dynamics at play between the Israelites who are depicted as mercilessly conquering the indigenous peoples of Canaan in the name of the deity, and the Canaanites. How were/ are such power dynamics played out in the Katangese, Democratic Republic of the Congo’s context in the relations between the then colonizers, that is, the Belgians as well as the neo-colonial African rulers and the Congolese peoples? It is argued that the Belgians assumed the role akin to that of the Israelite invaders as they mercilessly invaded the “promised land”, that is, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, ending with the brutal extermination of African peoples justified on biblical precedents. A conclusion is made that within the context of postcolonial biblical interpretation, the conquest narrative of Joshua 1-12 is one of the most traumatic stories in which violence is committed by one nation on another in the name of the deity. Postcolonial biblical criticism was found to be an appropriate approach in assisting the researcher to navigate through violent biblical texts with a view to coming up with a transformative reading of the texts in the (Katangese) context of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Studies)

The present research has been aimed at investigating how imperialism and colonialism are located both in the biblical text (cf. Joshua 1-12) and in present day interpretive postcolonial contexts such as that of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. An investigation was made of the unequal power dynamics at play between the Israelites who are depicted as mercilessly conquering the indigenous peoples of Canaan in the name of the deity, and the Canaanites. How were/ are such power dynamics played out in the Katangese, Democratic Republic of the Congo’s context in the relations between the then colonizers, that is, the Belgians as well as the neo-colonial African rulers and the Congolese peoples? It is argued that the Belgians assumed the role akin to that of the Israelite invaders as they mercilessly invaded the “promised land”, that is, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, ending with the brutal extermination of African peoples justified on biblical precedents. A conclusion is made that within the context of postcolonial biblical interpretation, the conquest narrative of Joshua 1-12 is one of the most traumatic stories in which violence is committed by one nation on another in the name of the deity. Postcolonial biblical criticism was found to be an appropriate approach in assisting the researcher to navigate through violent biblical texts with a view to coming up with a transformative reading of the texts in the (Katangese) context of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Studies)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:46:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULO SERGIO SOARES.pdf: 1819144 bytes, checksum: 46c1970907dfda3019e553fac5ee1358 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-13 / Theology and Science are distinct areas of knowledge s construction that can dialogue to each other, because both seek to explain the world. Is this dialogue possible, today, especially considering the extraordinary advances in Science and, on the other hand, the stagnation of Theology in its classic schema based on Revelation and Tradition, as well as the loss of its cognitive character? Efforts are being undertaken by representatives from both areas, in various directions, aiming at rapprochement between them. This requires, for both, renounce any confrontation, but also renounce the claim that there isn t any contradiction between Bible and Science, and follow the way of mutual collaboration, through a "critical-constructive interaction", as proposes Hans Küng. Since the Bible is one of the sources of theological knowledge, to the biblical hermeneutics this imposes the task of contributing with its specificity in this process. Texts that defy scientific knowledge, as the "stop of the Sun and the Moon", in Joshua 10,12-14, were in the midst of the crisis that resulted in disagreement and detachment between Theology and Science, since Galileo s case". Such texts are asking today to be revisited, in order to no longer obstruct the dialogue. With the historical-critical exegesis and the criticalconstructive hermeneutics of the referred text of Joshua, associated to some epistemological considerations, the present thesis wishes to contribute to the consolidation of a secure base for the bridge which has been building between the two areas. / Teologia e Ciência são áreas distintas de construção do conhecimento que podem dialogar entre si, pois ambas pretendem explicar o mundo. Será possível esse diálogo, hoje, sobretudo considerando os extraordinários avanços da Ciência e, em contrapartida, a estagnação da Teologia em seu esquema clássico baseado na Revelação e na Tradição, bem como a perda de seu caráter cognitivo? Esforços vêm sendo empreendidos por representantes de ambas as áreas, em diversas direções, visando a reaproximação entre elas. Isso exige, para ambas, renunciar a toda confrontação, como também ao "concordismo", à alegação de que não existe qualquer contradição entre Bíblia e Ciência, e seguir o caminho da mútua colaboração, por meio de uma interação crítico-construtiva , como propõe Hans Küng. Já que a Bíblia é uma das fontes do saber teológico, impõe-se para a hermenêutica bíblica a tarefa de contribuir com sua especificidade nesse processo. Textos que desafiam o conhecimento científico, como o da parada do sol e da lua , em Josué 10,12-14, estiveram no bojo da crise que resultou no desentendimento e afastamento entre a Teologia e a Ciência, a partir do caso Galileu . Tais textos pedem hoje uma revisita, de forma a não mais obstaculizar o diálogo. Com a exegese histórico-crítica e a hermenêutica crítico-construtiva do referido texto de Josué, associadas a algumas considerações epistemológicas, a presente tese deseja contribuir para a consolidação de uma base segura para a ponte que se vem construindo entre as duas áreas.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2009-07-09. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed March 5, 2010). Advisor: Jon Wakelyn. Keywords: education; Civil War; leadership; antebellum. Includes bibliographical references (p. 262-276).

Dentre os vários aspectos das ciências da religião, um deles pode ser compreendido na sua função, que permite ao homem expressar sentido à vida, a partir de um sistema lógico no qual uma nova cosmovisão é construída para legitimar uma realidade humana. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo, portanto, compreender a função social de um texto bíblico, como expressão de uma realidade, perceber o tipo de sociedade que está por trás dele e qual o sujeito histórico responsável pela produção do texto. Procura-se saber como esse sujeito histórico reelaborou suas próprias tradições diante de um mundo simbólico, plural e concorrente. E, por fim, como desenvolveu uma fundamentação religiosa para apresentar sua visão de sociedade. A partir dessa abordagem, fez-se uso do capítulo 24,1-28 do livro de Josué para a análise de uma sociedade e da práxis do sujeito histórico que produziu suas tradições. E, assim, procurou-se chegar ao modo de organização social de um povo, na época do pós-exílio, período do Império Persa. Para tanto, a título de orientação teórica, para análise do texto, elegeu-se o método sociológico, para compreensão da narrativa de Js 24,1-28, como sistematização teológica necessária para firmar a coesão das tradições populares, e dar novo sentido à religião Javista face às culturas diversificadas do mundo religioso daquele tempo. Isso se realizou através da formalização de uma aliança. A aliança feita com Iahweh e os vários grupos (dos remanescentes e dos exilados), compreendida como uma proposta para legitimar um novo projeto que garantisse a justiça e o direito das famílias dos remanescentes que estavam sendo excluídas pelos exilados, que defendiam a organização social implantada, em Canaã, pela administração Persa. Essa organização social, criada no interesse do Império Persa, era constituída de vilas, também chamadas de casa dos pais, e tratadas como unidades corporativas. Essa organização social da província de Judá, com a chegada dos exilados, favoreceu a restauração do templo e o culto, como resultado da vontade política da administração Persa. / Among the various aspects of religious studies, the one chosen here can be understood in its function of enabling man to express the meaning to life, founded on a logical system in which a new worldview is constructed to legitimize a determined human reality. This dissertation aims, therefore, to understand the social function of a biblical text as an expression of reality; it aims to understand the type of society behind the text, as well as the historical subject responsible its production. The paper seeks to discover how this historical subject reworked its own traditions before a pluralistic and competing symbolic world, and, finally, how a religious basis to express their vision of society was developed. From this perspective, chapter 24,1-28 of the book of Joshua will be used for the analysis of the society and the praxis of the historical subject which produced their traditions. We have tried to understand the mode of social organization of the people during the post-exilic period of the Persian Empire. By way of theoretical orientation for text analysis, the sociological method for understanding the narrative of Js from 24.1 to 28 was chosen to illustrate the theological necessary to establish the cohesion of popular traditions, and to give new meaning to Yahwist religion in face of the diverse cultures of the religious world of that time. This was possible through the realization of a covenant. The covenant made between Yahweh and the various groups, both those who remained in Judah and those who went into exile, was understood as a proposal to legitimize a new project that would ensure justice and the rights of those families of remainders excluded by the exiles, who were defenders of the social organization implanted in Canaan by the Persian administration. This social organization, created in the interest of the Persian Empire, was consisted of villages, also called father houses, were treated as corporate units. With the arrival of the exiled, this social organization of the province of Judah favored the restoration of the temple and worship, as an expression of the political will of the Persian administration.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:12:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 narciso_neves_farias.pdf: 1096832 bytes, checksum: d7fa552a24705556e918aff8f95922fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-06 / Among the various aspects of religious studies, the one chosen here can be understood in its function of enabling man to express the meaning to life, founded on a logical system in which a new worldview is constructed to legitimize a determined human reality. This dissertation aims, therefore, to understand the social function of a biblical text as an expression of reality; it aims to understand the type of society behind the text, as well as the historical subject responsible its production. The paper seeks to discover how this historical subject reworked its own traditions before a pluralistic and competing symbolic world, and, finally, how a religious basis to express their vision of society was developed. From this perspective, chapter 24,1-28 of the book of Joshua will be used for the analysis of the society and the praxis of the historical subject which produced their traditions. We have tried to understand the mode of social organization of the people during the post-exilic period of the Persian Empire. By way of theoretical orientation for text analysis, the sociological method for understanding the narrative of Js from 24.1 to 28 was chosen to illustrate the theological necessary to establish the cohesion of popular traditions, and to give new meaning to Yahwist religion in face of the diverse cultures of the religious world of that time. This was possible through the realization of a covenant. The covenant made between Yahweh and the various groups, both those who remained in Judah and those who went into exile, was understood as a proposal to legitimize a new project that would ensure justice and the rights of those families of remainders excluded by the exiles, who were defenders of the social organization implanted in Canaan by the Persian administration. This social organization, created in the interest of the Persian Empire, was consisted of villages, also called father houses, were treated as corporate units. With the arrival of the exiled, this social organization of the province of Judah favored the restoration of the temple and worship, as an expression of the political will of the Persian administration. / Dentre os vários aspectos das ciências da religião, um deles pode ser compreendido na sua função, que permite ao homem expressar sentido à vida, a partir de um sistema lógico no qual uma nova cosmovisão é construída para legitimar uma realidade humana. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo, portanto, compreender a função social de um texto bíblico, como expressão de uma realidade, perceber o tipo de sociedade que está por trás dele e qual o sujeito histórico responsável pela produção do texto. Procura-se saber como esse sujeito histórico reelaborou suas próprias tradições diante de um mundo simbólico, plural e concorrente. E, por fim, como desenvolveu uma fundamentação religiosa para apresentar sua visão de sociedade. A partir dessa abordagem, fez-se uso do capítulo 24,1-28 do livro de Josué para a análise de uma sociedade e da práxis do sujeito histórico que produziu suas tradições. E, assim, procurou-se chegar ao modo de organização social de um povo, na época do pós-exílio, período do Império Persa. Para tanto, a título de orientação teórica, para análise do texto, elegeu-se o método sociológico, para compreensão da narrativa de Js 24,1-28, como sistematização teológica necessária para firmar a coesão das tradições populares, e dar novo sentido à religião Javista face às culturas diversificadas do mundo religioso daquele tempo. Isso se realizou através da formalização de uma aliança. A aliança feita com Iahweh e os vários grupos (dos remanescentes e dos exilados), compreendida como uma proposta para legitimar um novo projeto que garantisse a justiça e o direito das famílias dos remanescentes que estavam sendo excluídas pelos exilados, que defendiam a organização social implantada, em Canaã, pela administração Persa. Essa organização social, criada no interesse do Império Persa, era constituída de vilas, também chamadas de casa dos pais, e tratadas como unidades corporativas. Essa organização social da província de Judá, com a chegada dos exilados, favoreceu a restauração do templo e o culto, como resultado da vontade política da administração Persa.

Focusing primarily on the ecological relationships of the Joshua tree in Joshua Tree National Park, this teaching unit includes ten pre-visit, in-class lessions; Ranger-led lessons at Joshua Tree National Park Education Center; and ten post-visit, in-class lessons. Lessons are for students in grades three and four and formatted using the breakthrough lesson strategies, based on the constructivist educational theory. The teacher background section addresses classification, structure, range, xerophytic adaptations, ecological relationships, and natural history of the Joshua tree.