After the end of the Cold War, researchers at RAND believed that the American logistics system was outdated and needed to be updated and become leaner. This was because the existing system was created at a time when military equipment was cheap, but the transports was expensive. The leaner system was developed from the civilian logistic system where flexibility and quick action has been a priority. The Swedish logistics system that is used today is based on what those researchers came up with which strives to optimize the flow of products, services and information in order to increase resource efficiency.The purpose of this survey is to find out whether the Swedish logistics concept is based on a just-in-time concept, which opponents say is not at all suitable for military use, or if it is based on a just-in-case concept that is said to be more prepared for unexpected events.The results of the study do not reach the answer to the research question as the Swedish logistics concept can be related with both the just-in-time and just-in-case concept. Therefore, no conclusions can be drawn whether the Swedish logistics concept is based on one of the two concepts or none of them.

This paper reports a study of the behavioral changes perceived by managerial and non-managerial personnel in a firm transforming from traditional manufacturing methods to the procedures of Just-In-Time manufacturing (JIT).

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The scope of war has changed dramatically in the recent part of the 20th and 21st centuries, in particular, with regard to state sponsored terrorism (“SST”). The responses of nations too have changed as they seek to protect both their sovereignty and the rights of their citizens. This paper will address possible ethical responses to SST through the view of contemporary Just War Theory (“JWT”) as Michael Walzer describes it. I will begin by arguing for an ethical approach to war, and why JWT is the best ethical approach. Then I will outline the basics of JWT in addition to some of the main concepts that will be drawn upon throughout this paper. Next, I will put forth a spectrum of possible responses to acts of aggression and in so doing provide the framework for what constitutes a legitimate threat. Then I will critique Walzer’s interpretation of a legitimate state, followed by my own proposal. Following this, I will define ‘terrorism’ and considering various scenarios of SST with direct reference to the arguments made prior in the paper. Finally, I will conclude by restating the argument made in short, and illustrate the implications of this new ethical approach.

This thesis is primarily an application of the Christian tradition of Just War to the problems arising from the basing of US nuclear weapons in South Korea and the development of nuclear weapons by the regime in the North. The Christian theology of Just War has developed over the last two thousand years, adapting as first Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire, through the break down of any enforceable norms in Europe‘s 'Dark Ages‘, to the emergence of the concept of the modern nation state at the end of the Thirty Years Wars in 1648. Throughout these shifts, two issues have remained constant, although their relative weight has changed. First that a war can only be described as 'just' if it is being waged for legitimate reasons, jus ad bellum, and that is waged in a proportionate manner that seeks to separate combatants from non-combatants, jus in bello. Both these ideas were severely weakened in the period of warfare that followed on from the American and French Revolutions at the end of the Eighteenth Century. The new ideology of nationalism brought with it the idea of the nation at arms, the armed citizenry, and with this, a further blurring of the always weak distinction between soldiers and the wider population. By 1945, both the secular and Christian tradition lay in ruins, damaged by the total warfare in the twentieth century when anything and anyone who could contribute to the wider war effort became a target. Also, although not the most destructive weapon, this saw the advent of the nuclear bomb. In response, Christian thinkers sought to redefine the concepts of Just War for a nuclear age, with the potential for the use of weapons that could destroy all of humanity. Some saw this as the lesser evil, when faced with the victory of a totalitarian political system, and others argued that proportionality could be maintained if the size of weapons, or their targeting, was such as to minimise wider damage. On the other hand, many theologians argued that by definition they could never be discriminate or proportionate and that their use (or even the implied threat of their use) would always fail the precepts of Jus in Bello. In the modern Korean context, this debate is not abstract, but has real bearing on the practical steps being taken by all the main parties. The acquisition of nuclear weapons by the North (the DPRK) has meant that the desire for Korean re-unification has become entwined with how best to resolve the nuclear issue. At the moment, in the South amongst the Protestant communities (split between the CCK and the NCCK), this debate has become fixed on issues of practical politics. In effect, is it better to negotiate with the North over the nuclear weapons issue and hope that resolving this will then lead to reunification or is it better to aim to overthrow the DPRK (economically, politically or even militarily) and, this, by definition, would resolve the question of their possession of nuclear weapons. At the moment both the NCCK and the CCK have based their policies towards North Korea (the DPRK) on the basis of secular politics not the teachings of the Christian gospel. The NCCK is tending to overlook human rights abuses in the DPRK, and the threat of that regime‘s nuclear arsenal, in their emphasis on the need to overcome the political division of Korea. In turn, the CCK ignores much Christian teaching with its emphasis on seeking the collapse (perhaps by military means) of the DPRK as a precursor to unification. In this, both bodies seem to have forgotten that they are fundamentally Christian confessional bodies, and as such their public statements should be based on the Gospels, not on the practicalities of day to day politics. Neither approach is particularly grounded on either in the Christian message of the gospels or the Just War tradition. Thus this thesis does not just seek to explore and explain the current situation in Korea using the concepts of Just War, it also seeks to provide a basis on which the Protestant community can resolve their current impasse. This means the thesis is grounded on the Christian concept of political theology, in particular in so far as this approach 'offers alternatives to better comprehend the different postures and approaches towards a solution‘. In the case of the situation in Korea, this means there is no military solution to the problem of unification. Nor can a solution be found in ignoring the human rights abuses in the DPRK. The answer lies in stressing three aspects that remain fundamental to any Christian identity in Korea – of a unified Korean koinoina, that any resort to force must meet the conditions of the Christian Just War tradition, and that, as faith groups, any response must stem from the Gospels.

Ingeniera Civil Industrial / El objetivo general de este trabajo de memoria es diseñar mejoras en el ciclo productivo de la planta de una empresa de arriendo de Moldajes, con el fin de facilitar el desarrollo eficiente de las operaciones, utilizando la metodología JIT que pretende hacer producir a la planta lo que se necesita, sólo cuando se necesite y sólo cuánto se necesite. Esta empresa ofrece soluciones de arriendo y venta de equipo de Moldajes en tres líneas de negocio: encofrados, soportes y andamios, a las compañías constructoras. La empresa ha sido impactada por el crecimiento del mercado de la construcción y en los últimos años ha cursado una expansión de su negocio debido al alto requerimiento de sus servicios. Sin embargo utilizando el modelo de funcionamiento actual la compañía no es capaz de responder a un aumento de la demanda, pues se encuentran operando a máxima capacidad. Para diagramar el ciclo productivo de la panta se realizaron: levantamientos de procesos, estudios de tiempo con carta de balance y muestreo del trabajo, observándose así la gran variabilidad en el flujo diario de toneladas de los procesos de Despacho y Retorno, debido principalmente a las condiciones de capacidad de los camiones de los clientes y la programación fallida en los compromisos adquiridos por las constructoras. Dentro de las ventajas que proporciona el estudio del ciclo productivo a través de la metodología JIT, se encuentra la identificación de la mejoras clave, que en esta empresa corresponde a fidelizar a los clientes incentivándolos a cumplir con los volúmenes de carga del camión, la estructuración de la carga de retorno, y el compromiso de fechas de despacho y retorno adquiridas. Otra ventaja importante diseñada a través del estudio de layout es la reubicación de las piezas de mayor utilización, para que disminuyan los tiempos de seteo en la preparación de las cargas del material y disminuyan los tiempos en el proceso de disipación de material recibido por los clientes de la empresa de arriendo de Moldajes. El modelo JIT permite también hace inferencia a las oportunidades de mejora que pueden ser implementadas en corto y largo plazo. En el corto plazo, las mejoras propuestas aumentan la carga promedio para el despacho y el retorno a 98,6 y 87 toneladas diarias respectivamente, superando la meta de las 80 Ton diarias requeridas por la empresa, aumentando los ingresos en 2,5 MMCLP diarios. En el largo plazo las oportunidades de mejora tienen el enfoque hacia la mejora continua, a través de los indicadores de procesos, lo cuales permiten ver el estado en que se encuentra el funcionamiento del ciclo productivo de la planta.

Denna uppsats är en textanalys av inlägg på sociala medier och webbsidor om våldtäktsoffret i fallet Bjästa. Syftet med studien är att försöka förstå hur man har ställt sig bakom gärningsmannen och aktivt försökt att misskreditera brottsoffret. Genom att använda sig av just-world teorin och våldtäktsmyter så har jag kunnat påvisa hur man har argumenterat och aktivt försökt att svartmåla brottsoffret i det aktuella fallet. Resultat påvisar framförallt förekomsten och spridningen av våldtäktsmyter på social media och webbsidor. I diskussionen diskuteras förekomsten av våldtäktsmyter i samhället i dag men även dess påverkan på synen på våldtäkt.

2003 George W. Bush ordered US forces to invade Iraq. US won a quick victory and the strong leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, was defeated and his regime fell with him. The consequenses of the invasion has afterwards proved to be devestating and a debate about whether the invasion could be justified awakened. Out of this debate the issue of this essay was born. This essays purpose is namely to answer the question; Can the US official motives to the invasion of Iraq 2003 be considered as justified accordig to Just war theory? Just war theory is an established theory consisting of four criteria that should be met to justify war. As this essay investigates wether Just war theory correspond with the US official motives to the invasion or not the work has been of theory-testing character. To answer the research question has case study method and analysis of ideas-technique been used. By comparing Just war theory criteria with the US official motives the conclusion reached is that only two out of four criteria are fully met and thereby can the US official motives to the invasion of Iraq 2003 not be considered as justified according to Just war theory.

Denna studie behandlar logistik och materialhantering med fokus på just-in-time-leveranser (JIT). Via intervjuer har data samlats in för att besvara forskningsfrågan; hur arbetar OF med JIT idag och finns det möjligheter till förbättring? Idag använder de inte JIT i någon större utsträckning, men ser en potential i metoden. Det framkom flera eventuella hinder för en renodlad implementering av JIT, främst relaterade till resurser och planering. Resultatet av studien blev att det finns möjligheter att utveckla arbetet med JIT, utan att en renodlad strategi för JIT införs. Det finns alternativ där material levereras i så nära anslutning det går, utan att de nödvändigtvis behöver monteras direkt. Detta innebär lagerbildning under kortare perioder på upplag för separata material som bör vara markerade. Att mellanlagra materialet är en väl fungerande metod som fyller syftet för JIT-leveranser, men tar inte vara på dess fulla potential. Kostnaden är fortfarande densamma i försörjningskedjan, samtidigt som kedjan inte förkortas. Om en JIT-implementering är önskvärd bör denna strategi fortgå medan relationer med leverantörer bildas, avtal sluts och utbildning av berörd personal sker.

Miljoner människor har tvingats ur sina hem på grund av det våld som pågår i Mellanöstern. Sättet som omvärlden förhåller sig till den kontext flyktingarna befinner sig i påverkar den fortsatta utvecklingen. Omvärldens attityder till de flyende och flyktproblematiken varierar och har förändrats över tid till exempel här i Sverige. Något som delvis påvekar attityder är hur media rapporterar kring denna kontext. Annat som kan förklara uppkomsten av dessa attityder är psykologiska dimensioner såsom avhumanisering och välmående samt teorier som Belief in a just world och locus of control. Urvalet i tidigare forskning har varit individer i välfärdsländer medan människor med andra erfarenheter som till exempel flyktingar inte har studerats.   Åtta kurdsvenskar med tidigare flyktingstatus intervjuades för att addera information och med hjälp av de nämnda psykologiska teorierna studera deras attityder. Utifrån den tematiska analysen framträdde fem huvudteman: BJW, Locus of control, subjektivt välmående, tidigare trauman, attityder till flyktingar och flyktingfrågan. Deltagarna hade en varierande tro på världen som rättvis. De uttryckte stark egenkontroll och deras subjektiva välmående visade sig positivt trots tidigare trauman där man hade kommit till en accepterande fas. Även synen på flyktingar var varierande med alltifrån liberala och medsympatiserande åsikter till konservativa och exkluderande. Studien bidrar till en mer nyanserad bild av vad flyktingfrågan kan handla om. Det i sig är viktigt i strävan efter jämlikhet och långsiktigare lösningar för att undvika motsättningar och rasism.