Miljoner människor har tvingats ur sina hem på grund av det våld som pågår i Mellanöstern. Sättet som omvärlden förhåller sig till den kontext flyktingarna befinner sig i påverkar den fortsatta utvecklingen. Omvärldens attityder till de flyende och flyktproblematiken varierar och har förändrats över tid till exempel här i Sverige. Något som delvis påvekar attityder är hur media rapporterar kring denna kontext. Annat som kan förklara uppkomsten av dessa attityder är psykologiska dimensioner såsom avhumanisering och välmående samt teorier som Belief in a just world och locus of control. Urvalet i tidigare forskning har varit individer i välfärdsländer medan människor med andra erfarenheter som till exempel flyktingar inte har studerats.   Åtta kurdsvenskar med tidigare flyktingstatus intervjuades för att addera information och med hjälp av de nämnda psykologiska teorierna studera deras attityder. Utifrån den tematiska analysen framträdde fem huvudteman: BJW, Locus of control, subjektivt välmående, tidigare trauman, attityder till flyktingar och flyktingfrågan. Deltagarna hade en varierande tro på världen som rättvis. De uttryckte stark egenkontroll och deras subjektiva välmående visade sig positivt trots tidigare trauman där man hade kommit till en accepterande fas. Även synen på flyktingar var varierande med alltifrån liberala och medsympatiserande åsikter till konservativa och exkluderande. Studien bidrar till en mer nyanserad bild av vad flyktingfrågan kan handla om. Det i sig är viktigt i strävan efter jämlikhet och långsiktigare lösningar för att undvika motsättningar och rasism.

By using the theoretical framework developed by Schaefer and Moos (1998), this study examined the mechanisms through which personal beliefs in ultimate justice affect posttraumatic growth in female survivors of sexual assault. Problem solving, spiritual coping, and meaning making were examined as potential mediators between beliefs in ultimate justice and posttraumatic growth through a path analysis. In total, 144 female community survivors, psychology students, and other participants were recruited from a large mid-western university (mean age = 29.3). The online survey was composed of a demographic questionnaire, the Revised Sexual Experiences Survey (Koss et al., 2007), Emotion Thermometer (Mitchell, 2001), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996), Belief in Immanent and Ultimate Justice Scale (Maes, 1998), Trauma Resilience Scale (Madsen & Abell, 2010), and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (Steger, Frazier, Oishi, & Kaler, 2006). Results indicate that problem solving and spirituality significantly mediated the relationship between belief in ultimate justice and posttraumatic growth. Search for meaning significantly mediated the relationship between beliefs in ultimate justice and distress. Implications for practice and research are discussed. Keywords: sexual assault, posttraumatic growth, belief in a just world, meaning making, coping

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The present study was inspired by Human-Vogel and Dippenaar’s (2013) research, which examined pre-service teachers’ commitment to community engagement in their second year of study. Human-Vogel and Dippenaar 2013 found that personal justice beliefs were independent of the pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards service learning. These puzzling findings necessitated further investigation and formed the basis of the rationale for my study. I was furthermore intrigued by the number of mentions made of social justice in connection with community engagement, evoking my interest in this concept and the role that social justice plays in service learning. In the present study I explored pre-service teachers’ experience with social justice during their service learning activities, examining the ways in which they dealt with social justice issues during their interactions in the different settings. A qualitative research approach was applied guided by an interpretivist paradigm. I made use of an ex post facto instrumental case study design and four pre-service teachers were conveniently and purposively selected for the present the study. The criteria for selection was that the participants must have been involved in the Human-Vogel and Dippenaar’s (2013) research and were willing and available to participate in the present study. The data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis was utilized during the data analysis. In the present study five themes emerged as a result of the thematic analysis and interpretation. Firstly the pre-service teachers were able to provide their individual conceptualisation of justice. Under this theme they gave their individual definitions of personal and social justice and also provided examples of these concepts. Secondly, the pre-service teachers reported on their overall service learning experiences and these included the negative and positive aspects. Thirdly, there were barriers faced by the pre-service teachers during service learning activities. These included a lack of preparation and structure in the service learning activities, expectation versus reality of the service learning experiences, language barriers, lack of resources in the community, security concerns, and issues of stereo-types and assumptions. Fourthly, the pre-service teachers discussed issues of justice and social change. They were able to discuss issues related to social injustices experienced in the community, the availability and accessibility to justice structures as well as their being a voice to the voice-less. These aspects were discussed with the aim that such could be examined and used to bring about social change in the community. Lastly, the pre-service teachers provided recommendations in the form of Support structures needed by pre-service teachers in future service learning activities. They suggested that in future other pre-service teachers could benefit from preparation for the service learning module, monitoring of the service learning activities, guidelines and structure in the service learning and debriefing during and after the service learning. / Mini-dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Educational Psychology / MEd / Unrestricted

This study represents a shift in focus with regard to studies related to traumatic events such as childhood sexual abuse (CSA). It endeavours to go beyond documenting the prevalence of CSA to understanding the moderating factors that encourage adaptive adjustment to CSA. The rationale of this study was to understand how personal beliefs in a just world, future aspirations and proactive coping in the context of an earlier traumatic event such as CSA, are related. My secondary interest was to understand how the aforementioned constructs feature in the development of resilience. I strove to do this by exploring the relationship between proactive coping, just-world beliefs (with specific reference to personal belief in a just world) and future aspirations of a survivor of childhood sexual abuse. I made use of an instrumental case study design. A single participant was purposively selected for this study due to her unique features of being a self-identified resilient survivor of child sexual abuse. Data was collected over a period of three months by means of semi-structured interviews, drawings and theory-based scales. In this study I made use of qualitative data analysis to explore the theoretical relationships amongst the constructs. The results of the study suggest that there is a relationship between personal belief in a just world and religiosity, and that this relationship may mediate the optimistic orientation in the participant of the present study. There also appears to be a relationship between the personal belief in a just world and future aspirations of the participant in this study, suggesting that the role of just world beliefs in terms of the active pursuit and investment in future goals need to be further examined. Finally, the relationship between positive future aspirations and proactive coping was less clear, requiring further investigation to elucidate this relationship. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Yes / The study presents the Italian adaptation of the Personal and General Belief in a Just World (P-BJW and G-BJW) Scales. Dalbert and colleagues developed these scales to capture the belief in a just world for oneself and a just world in general. After the translation and back-translation, the P-BJW and G-BJW scales were administered first to a pilot sample of 213 university students and then to a national sample of 2683 Italian people. Results showed that it was necessary to make some revisions to the predicted two correlated factor structure. These changes entailed correlating the error terms for some manifest variables and removing the first item of the P-BJW factor. The final structure of the P-BJW and G-BJW scales presented satisfactory indexes of model fit as well as high reliability and moderate validity values. Additionally, this structure proved to fit the data better than an alternative one-factor or a bi-factor model with two orthogonal-specific factors. As predicted, well-being strongly predicted scores on the BJW, but age and gender did not. Multigroup comparisons among Northern, Central, and Southern Italy respondents indicated that Italian people interpret scale items equivalently, regardless of their geographical location. Introducing the P-BJW and G-BJW scales to the Italian justice scholarship is very useful to unpack the reasons why Italy reports lower levels of social justice than other European countries and also to investigate the link between justice, well-being, and other socio-psychological variables. / Open access funding provided by Università di Foggia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.

Victims of romance scams are often held responsible and blamed for their ownvictimisation. It is still not sufficiently clear why victim blaming occurs sofrequently in this context in particular. One explanation is provided by Lerner'spsychological theory Belief in a Just World (BJW), which has been repeatedlytested in a criminological context over the last few decades, but has hardly everbeen applied to romance scams. The theory assumes that people who have astrong belief in a just world tend to blame victims more in order to shield oneselffrom the negative aspects of reality. This thesis tested the theory in the context ofromance scams within a vignette study of undergraduate criminology students atMalmö University. The primary aim was to find out whether the BJW theory is atall suitable for explaining victim blaming in this context and to investigate therelationship between BJW and victim blaming. The study itself had to contendwith a small sample size and the associated problems, particularly in relation totype II error, which meant that there were no clear results.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:21:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Xavier Santos.pdf: 287361 bytes, checksum: f7e6c3769b94862500ac538d2ef1b67f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-05 / The aim of this study was to assess the well-being of health workers linked to the Centro de Reabilitação e Readaptação Dr. Henrique Santillo (Crer), relating it with the accession to a belief in a just world and the locus of control. Belief in a just world is related to the fact that people believe that what is received is by merit, and when they are punished, it is also by merit. Locus of control is the way the individual perceives the relationship between their efforts and the outcome of these efforts, and who has this notion of relationship is internally oriented, and those who do not, is externally oriented. From the studies reviewed, it is assumed that participants who show high belief in a just world would, therefore, have high levels of well-being and the inverse also happens, low belief in a just world, low level of well-being. As to the relationship between locus of control and well-being, participants with internal locus of control would present high level of well-being and those with external locus of control would have low level of well-being. Took part in the study 146 professionals, ranging from high school to university level. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic data, scales of physical well-being and psychological locus of control and belief in a just world. The results showed that participants have a high level of well-being, high belief in a just world, high external locus of control, low belief in a just world and low internal locus of control. The results of multiple regressions showed a positive relationship between external locus of control and well-being, and a negative relationship between internal locus of control and well-being. There were no significant results in the relationship between belief in a just world and well-being. These results are discussed emphasizing the differences within the literatures about it are due, more to, how the instruments were built than the theoretical inconsistency. / O objetivo principal deste estudo foi analisar o bem-estar dos trabalhadores da saúde vinculados ao Centro de Reabilitação e Readaptação Dr. Henrique Santillo (Crer), relacionando-o com a adesão à crença no mundo justo e com o lócus de controle. Crença no mundo justo refere-se ao fato das pessoas acreditarem que o que se recebe ocorre por mérito, assim como, quando são castigadas, também o são por merecimento. Já lócus de controle é a maneira pela qual o indivíduo percebe a relação entre seus esforços e o resultado desses esforços, sendo que aquele que tem a clareza dessa relação é internamente orientado, e aquele que não a tem, é externamente orientado. A partir dos estudos revisados, pressupôs-se que os participantes que apresentassem alta crença no mundo justo teriam, consequentemente, alto nível de bem-estar e o inverso também aconteceria, baixa crença no mundo justo, baixo nível de bem-estar. Quanto a relação entre lócus de controle e bem-estar, os participantes com lócus de controle interno apresentariam alto nível de bem-estar e aqueles com lócus de controle externo, baixo nível de bem-estar. Participaram do estudo 146 profissionais, com formação variando entre nível médio e superior. O questionário era composto de dados sócio-demográficos, escalas de bem-estar físico e psicológico, lócus de controle e crença no mundo justo. Os resultados mostram que os participantes apresentam alto nível de bem-estar, alta crença no mundo justo, alto lócus de controle externo, baixa crença no mundo justo e baixo lócus de controle interno. Os resultados da regressão múltipla mostram uma relação positiva entre lócus de controle externo e bem-estar, e uma relação negativa entre lócus de controle interno e bem-estar. Não houve resultados significativos na relação entre crença no mundo justo e bem-estar. Estes resultados são discutidos ressaltando que as diferenças com a literatura devem-se muito mais à maneira como os instrumentos foram construídos do que a inconsistências teóricas.

Ce travail de recherche explique comment à travers la mobilisation de certains mécanismes socio-cognitifs, les populations camerounaises parviennent à préserver la stabilité dans leur pays. L’hypothèse de départ de cette recherche était que le savoir partagé à propos du risque et l'illusion de la permanence de la justice dans la société camerounaise sont un paravent à l'éclatement d'une crise sociale majeure. Cette hypothèse de départ a été testée par le biais de 3 enquêtes visant à ressortir l'influence des représentations sociales de la paix et du risque, et de la croyance en un monde juste sur la stabilité qui prévaut au Cameroun. Grâce aux données recueillies (N=156) par le biais des questionnaires d'associations libres et de caractérisation, nous avons mis en évidence le fait que l'évocation de la paix renvoie principalement à la sécurité et au brassage des populations. Pour nos participants, la sécurité et le brassage des populations sont considérés comme ce sur quoi la permanence de la concorde sociale repose. L'évocation du risque a quant à elle révélé que les carences de gouvernance, illustrées par l'allusion à la mauvaise gouvernance, la corruption ou le chômage, sont considérées comme les principales menaces qui pèsent sur la pérennité de la stabilité. / This research explains how through the mobilization of some socio-cognitive mechanisms, the cameroonian people manage to maintain stability in their country. The hypothesis of this research was that the knowledge shared about risk and the illusion of permanence of justice in Cameroon are a screen to the breakup of a major social crisis. This assumption was tested through 3 investigations to highlight the influence of the social representations of peace and risk, and the belief in a world just on the stability prevailing in Cameroon. Data collected (N=156) using the questionnaires of free associations and characterization highlighted the fact that the evocation of peace refers primilary to security and the mixing of populations. Security and the intermingling of populations are thus considered to be the pillars of the permanence of social harmony. The evocation of risk revealed that the shortcomings of governance, illustrated by the allusion to poor governance, corruption or unemployment, are considered to be the main threats weighing on the sustainability of the stability. These social representations of peace and the risk do not show a questioning of cohabitation between individuals and communities living in Cameroon. This state of affairs reflects the effectiveness of the existence of a common language and a specific identity ot the population about the prevention of social crises. These results highlight the existence of a form of consensus about other countries in serious social crises. The study of the influence of the belief in a just world on the attachment of Cameroonian to maintain peace (N=213) did not established links between these two factors. If the results of studies in relation with social representations corroborate with other works, the finding of the research on the belief in a just world did not highlight none of the correlations contained in the literature.

Cette recherche se propose trois objectifs : il s’agit, premièrement, de dégager les représentations et les causes que les patients tunisiens attribuent à la pathologie cancéreuse. Deuxièmement, de déceler les croyances en matière de contrôle perçu pour ce qui est de l’évolution de la maladie. Enfin, de chercher l’effet direct, médiatisé ou modéré d’un ensemble de variables personnelles, médicales et environnementales sur le coping de ces patients. Les résultats auxquels nous avons abouti, au moyen d’une étude quantitative, mettent en évidence l’effet direct du niveau socio-culturel du patient sur le choix du coping centré sur le problème. Cet effet se trouve médiatisé partiellement par un Lieu de contrôle-médecin, un fort sentiment d’efficacité personnelle et une tendance vers l’optimisme. En outre, une étude qualitative a fait émerger des notions comme celle d’optimisme réaliste, du coping religieux et de la croyance en un monde juste. De tels résultats sont en faveur de la conception et de la mise en place de programmes de formation et de développement des ressources humaines afin de promouvoir le système de santé du pays. / This research proposes three objectives: the first one consists in bringing out the representations and the causes that the Tunisian patients attribute to the cancerous pathology. The second is to identify the beliefs concerning the perceived control of the disease evolution. Finally, the third objective is to seek the direct, mediate or moderate effect of a set of personal, medical and environmental variables on the coping of these patients. The results which we have come to, by means of a quantitative study, highlight the direct effect of the socio-cultural level of the patient on the choice of the problem-focused coping. This effect is partially mediated by a doctor-health locus of control, a strong personal perceived efficacy and a tendency towards optimism. In addition, a qualitative study has led to the appearance of notions such as realistic optimism, religious coping and belief in a just world. Such results support both the conception and the establishment of programs for the training and the development of human resources in order to promote the country's health system.