Miljoner människor har tvingats ur sina hem på grund av det våld som pågår i Mellanöstern. Sättet som omvärlden förhåller sig till den kontext flyktingarna befinner sig i påverkar den fortsatta utvecklingen. Omvärldens attityder till de flyende och flyktproblematiken varierar och har förändrats över tid till exempel här i Sverige. Något som delvis påvekar attityder är hur media rapporterar kring denna kontext. Annat som kan förklara uppkomsten av dessa attityder är psykologiska dimensioner såsom avhumanisering och välmående samt teorier som Belief in a just world och locus of control. Urvalet i tidigare forskning har varit individer i välfärdsländer medan människor med andra erfarenheter som till exempel flyktingar inte har studerats.   Åtta kurdsvenskar med tidigare flyktingstatus intervjuades för att addera information och med hjälp av de nämnda psykologiska teorierna studera deras attityder. Utifrån den tematiska analysen framträdde fem huvudteman: BJW, Locus of control, subjektivt välmående, tidigare trauman, attityder till flyktingar och flyktingfrågan. Deltagarna hade en varierande tro på världen som rättvis. De uttryckte stark egenkontroll och deras subjektiva välmående visade sig positivt trots tidigare trauman där man hade kommit till en accepterande fas. Även synen på flyktingar var varierande med alltifrån liberala och medsympatiserande åsikter till konservativa och exkluderande. Studien bidrar till en mer nyanserad bild av vad flyktingfrågan kan handla om. Det i sig är viktigt i strävan efter jämlikhet och långsiktigare lösningar för att undvika motsättningar och rasism.

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The present study was inspired by Human-Vogel and Dippenaar’s (2013) research, which examined pre-service teachers’ commitment to community engagement in their second year of study. Human-Vogel and Dippenaar 2013 found that personal justice beliefs were independent of the pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards service learning. These puzzling findings necessitated further investigation and formed the basis of the rationale for my study. I was furthermore intrigued by the number of mentions made of social justice in connection with community engagement, evoking my interest in this concept and the role that social justice plays in service learning. In the present study I explored pre-service teachers’ experience with social justice during their service learning activities, examining the ways in which they dealt with social justice issues during their interactions in the different settings. A qualitative research approach was applied guided by an interpretivist paradigm. I made use of an ex post facto instrumental case study design and four pre-service teachers were conveniently and purposively selected for the present the study. The criteria for selection was that the participants must have been involved in the Human-Vogel and Dippenaar’s (2013) research and were willing and available to participate in the present study. The data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis was utilized during the data analysis. In the present study five themes emerged as a result of the thematic analysis and interpretation. Firstly the pre-service teachers were able to provide their individual conceptualisation of justice. Under this theme they gave their individual definitions of personal and social justice and also provided examples of these concepts. Secondly, the pre-service teachers reported on their overall service learning experiences and these included the negative and positive aspects. Thirdly, there were barriers faced by the pre-service teachers during service learning activities. These included a lack of preparation and structure in the service learning activities, expectation versus reality of the service learning experiences, language barriers, lack of resources in the community, security concerns, and issues of stereo-types and assumptions. Fourthly, the pre-service teachers discussed issues of justice and social change. They were able to discuss issues related to social injustices experienced in the community, the availability and accessibility to justice structures as well as their being a voice to the voice-less. These aspects were discussed with the aim that such could be examined and used to bring about social change in the community. Lastly, the pre-service teachers provided recommendations in the form of Support structures needed by pre-service teachers in future service learning activities. They suggested that in future other pre-service teachers could benefit from preparation for the service learning module, monitoring of the service learning activities, guidelines and structure in the service learning and debriefing during and after the service learning. / Mini-dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Educational Psychology / MEd / Unrestricted

This study represents a shift in focus with regard to studies related to traumatic events such as childhood sexual abuse (CSA). It endeavours to go beyond documenting the prevalence of CSA to understanding the moderating factors that encourage adaptive adjustment to CSA. The rationale of this study was to understand how personal beliefs in a just world, future aspirations and proactive coping in the context of an earlier traumatic event such as CSA, are related. My secondary interest was to understand how the aforementioned constructs feature in the development of resilience. I strove to do this by exploring the relationship between proactive coping, just-world beliefs (with specific reference to personal belief in a just world) and future aspirations of a survivor of childhood sexual abuse. I made use of an instrumental case study design. A single participant was purposively selected for this study due to her unique features of being a self-identified resilient survivor of child sexual abuse. Data was collected over a period of three months by means of semi-structured interviews, drawings and theory-based scales. In this study I made use of qualitative data analysis to explore the theoretical relationships amongst the constructs. The results of the study suggest that there is a relationship between personal belief in a just world and religiosity, and that this relationship may mediate the optimistic orientation in the participant of the present study. There also appears to be a relationship between the personal belief in a just world and future aspirations of the participant in this study, suggesting that the role of just world beliefs in terms of the active pursuit and investment in future goals need to be further examined. Finally, the relationship between positive future aspirations and proactive coping was less clear, requiring further investigation to elucidate this relationship. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:21:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Xavier Santos.pdf: 287361 bytes, checksum: f7e6c3769b94862500ac538d2ef1b67f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-05 / The aim of this study was to assess the well-being of health workers linked to the Centro de Reabilitação e Readaptação Dr. Henrique Santillo (Crer), relating it with the accession to a belief in a just world and the locus of control. Belief in a just world is related to the fact that people believe that what is received is by merit, and when they are punished, it is also by merit. Locus of control is the way the individual perceives the relationship between their efforts and the outcome of these efforts, and who has this notion of relationship is internally oriented, and those who do not, is externally oriented. From the studies reviewed, it is assumed that participants who show high belief in a just world would, therefore, have high levels of well-being and the inverse also happens, low belief in a just world, low level of well-being. As to the relationship between locus of control and well-being, participants with internal locus of control would present high level of well-being and those with external locus of control would have low level of well-being. Took part in the study 146 professionals, ranging from high school to university level. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic data, scales of physical well-being and psychological locus of control and belief in a just world. The results showed that participants have a high level of well-being, high belief in a just world, high external locus of control, low belief in a just world and low internal locus of control. The results of multiple regressions showed a positive relationship between external locus of control and well-being, and a negative relationship between internal locus of control and well-being. There were no significant results in the relationship between belief in a just world and well-being. These results are discussed emphasizing the differences within the literatures about it are due, more to, how the instruments were built than the theoretical inconsistency. / O objetivo principal deste estudo foi analisar o bem-estar dos trabalhadores da saúde vinculados ao Centro de Reabilitação e Readaptação Dr. Henrique Santillo (Crer), relacionando-o com a adesão à crença no mundo justo e com o lócus de controle. Crença no mundo justo refere-se ao fato das pessoas acreditarem que o que se recebe ocorre por mérito, assim como, quando são castigadas, também o são por merecimento. Já lócus de controle é a maneira pela qual o indivíduo percebe a relação entre seus esforços e o resultado desses esforços, sendo que aquele que tem a clareza dessa relação é internamente orientado, e aquele que não a tem, é externamente orientado. A partir dos estudos revisados, pressupôs-se que os participantes que apresentassem alta crença no mundo justo teriam, consequentemente, alto nível de bem-estar e o inverso também aconteceria, baixa crença no mundo justo, baixo nível de bem-estar. Quanto a relação entre lócus de controle e bem-estar, os participantes com lócus de controle interno apresentariam alto nível de bem-estar e aqueles com lócus de controle externo, baixo nível de bem-estar. Participaram do estudo 146 profissionais, com formação variando entre nível médio e superior. O questionário era composto de dados sócio-demográficos, escalas de bem-estar físico e psicológico, lócus de controle e crença no mundo justo. Os resultados mostram que os participantes apresentam alto nível de bem-estar, alta crença no mundo justo, alto lócus de controle externo, baixa crença no mundo justo e baixo lócus de controle interno. Os resultados da regressão múltipla mostram uma relação positiva entre lócus de controle externo e bem-estar, e uma relação negativa entre lócus de controle interno e bem-estar. Não houve resultados significativos na relação entre crença no mundo justo e bem-estar. Estes resultados são discutidos ressaltando que as diferenças com a literatura devem-se muito mais à maneira como os instrumentos foram construídos do que a inconsistências teóricas.

Ce travail de recherche explique comment à travers la mobilisation de certains mécanismes socio-cognitifs, les populations camerounaises parviennent à préserver la stabilité dans leur pays. L’hypothèse de départ de cette recherche était que le savoir partagé à propos du risque et l'illusion de la permanence de la justice dans la société camerounaise sont un paravent à l'éclatement d'une crise sociale majeure. Cette hypothèse de départ a été testée par le biais de 3 enquêtes visant à ressortir l'influence des représentations sociales de la paix et du risque, et de la croyance en un monde juste sur la stabilité qui prévaut au Cameroun. Grâce aux données recueillies (N=156) par le biais des questionnaires d'associations libres et de caractérisation, nous avons mis en évidence le fait que l'évocation de la paix renvoie principalement à la sécurité et au brassage des populations. Pour nos participants, la sécurité et le brassage des populations sont considérés comme ce sur quoi la permanence de la concorde sociale repose. L'évocation du risque a quant à elle révélé que les carences de gouvernance, illustrées par l'allusion à la mauvaise gouvernance, la corruption ou le chômage, sont considérées comme les principales menaces qui pèsent sur la pérennité de la stabilité. / This research explains how through the mobilization of some socio-cognitive mechanisms, the cameroonian people manage to maintain stability in their country. The hypothesis of this research was that the knowledge shared about risk and the illusion of permanence of justice in Cameroon are a screen to the breakup of a major social crisis. This assumption was tested through 3 investigations to highlight the influence of the social representations of peace and risk, and the belief in a world just on the stability prevailing in Cameroon. Data collected (N=156) using the questionnaires of free associations and characterization highlighted the fact that the evocation of peace refers primilary to security and the mixing of populations. Security and the intermingling of populations are thus considered to be the pillars of the permanence of social harmony. The evocation of risk revealed that the shortcomings of governance, illustrated by the allusion to poor governance, corruption or unemployment, are considered to be the main threats weighing on the sustainability of the stability. These social representations of peace and the risk do not show a questioning of cohabitation between individuals and communities living in Cameroon. This state of affairs reflects the effectiveness of the existence of a common language and a specific identity ot the population about the prevention of social crises. These results highlight the existence of a form of consensus about other countries in serious social crises. The study of the influence of the belief in a just world on the attachment of Cameroonian to maintain peace (N=213) did not established links between these two factors. If the results of studies in relation with social representations corroborate with other works, the finding of the research on the belief in a just world did not highlight none of the correlations contained in the literature.

Cette recherche se propose trois objectifs : il s’agit, premièrement, de dégager les représentations et les causes que les patients tunisiens attribuent à la pathologie cancéreuse. Deuxièmement, de déceler les croyances en matière de contrôle perçu pour ce qui est de l’évolution de la maladie. Enfin, de chercher l’effet direct, médiatisé ou modéré d’un ensemble de variables personnelles, médicales et environnementales sur le coping de ces patients. Les résultats auxquels nous avons abouti, au moyen d’une étude quantitative, mettent en évidence l’effet direct du niveau socio-culturel du patient sur le choix du coping centré sur le problème. Cet effet se trouve médiatisé partiellement par un Lieu de contrôle-médecin, un fort sentiment d’efficacité personnelle et une tendance vers l’optimisme. En outre, une étude qualitative a fait émerger des notions comme celle d’optimisme réaliste, du coping religieux et de la croyance en un monde juste. De tels résultats sont en faveur de la conception et de la mise en place de programmes de formation et de développement des ressources humaines afin de promouvoir le système de santé du pays. / This research proposes three objectives: the first one consists in bringing out the representations and the causes that the Tunisian patients attribute to the cancerous pathology. The second is to identify the beliefs concerning the perceived control of the disease evolution. Finally, the third objective is to seek the direct, mediate or moderate effect of a set of personal, medical and environmental variables on the coping of these patients. The results which we have come to, by means of a quantitative study, highlight the direct effect of the socio-cultural level of the patient on the choice of the problem-focused coping. This effect is partially mediated by a doctor-health locus of control, a strong personal perceived efficacy and a tendency towards optimism. In addition, a qualitative study has led to the appearance of notions such as realistic optimism, religious coping and belief in a just world. Such results support both the conception and the establishment of programs for the training and the development of human resources in order to promote the country's health system.

The thesis aims at social psychological aspects of the justice motive. Its purpose is to outline the links between justice motivation and social context, primarily to socioeconomic status, social identity and culture. Major differences between implicit and explicit justice motives are presented, the focus is mainly on the belief in a just world as an important indicator of the justice motive. Distributive and procedural norms of justice are described considering their social dependences. The justice motive and evaluation are viewed from the perspectives of theory of social exchange and equity, social identity theory and theory of system justification. In the empirical part the relation between SES and BJW in Czech society is tested in two studies. The analysis results of the quota public opinion survey (Aktér 2015, N = 926) indicate that people of high SES believe explicitly in a just world more than people of low SES. The estimated contradictions to the results of studies carried out in American context are discussed. The findings from the Czech survey may be relevant especially in the context of less socially differentiated societies. The analysis of data stemming from online quasiexperimental study (N = 82) of people aged 18 - 33 does not confirm these results, possible methodological...

La justice, l’aspiration à la justice sont omniprésentes pour chaque individu dans la vie sociale. Dans nos sociétés, la justice a un statut dépassant les autres normes et valeurs. Le sujet de la justice doit être vu comme un élément central dans les vies personnelles et dans les relations interpersonnelles. De la sorte, la justice, la perception de la justice sont des préoccupations récurrentes de la vie sociale. On peut estimer qu’un des espaces majeurs d’interactions de la vie sociale est constitué aujourd’hui par le monde du travail et que les questions et préoccupations de justices y sont forcément présentes. La just world theory met en évidence un besoin chez chaque personne de croire que le monde est juste, c'est-à-dire qu’il est un espace dans lequel on mérite ce que l’on a et on a ce que l’on mérite. Cette croyance possède des effets adaptatifs importants. De ce fait, il est difficile pour les individus de l’abandonner et de faire l’expérience de preuves qu’après tout le monde n’est pas aussi juste et ordonné qu’attendu. Un certain nombre de stratégies cognitives sont associées au maintien de cette croyance. Par ailleurs, les recherches issues de ce courant théorique ont montré que la croyance en un monde juste soutenait la santé mentale et le bien-être.Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous avons cherché à vérifier si la croyance en un monde juste s’exprimait dans le monde du travail et si elle pouvait jouer un rôle dans le maintien de la santé au travail du fait de potentielles relations entre sentiment de justice au travail et santé au travail. Nos résultats montrent, en premier lieu que, d’un point de vue implicite, les individus témoignent d’associations entre travail et mérite et travail et justice. Ces éléments constituent des préconditions pour que la croyance en un monde juste puisse exister en environnement professionnel. En second lieu, nous identifions un certain nombre d’indicateurs témoignant du fait que des situations d’injustice peuvent représenter une menace à l’égard de la croyance en un monde juste et que potentiellement certaines stratégies cognitives peuvent être mises en place pour contrer cette menace. Enfin, nous constatons des liaisons entre sentiment de justice au travail, indicateurs de mal-être et potentiels supports de santé. Tous ces éléments nous amènent à discuter l’impact de la croyance en un monde juste sur la santé au travail aussi bien que ces limites. Nous discutons également les modèles dominants d’analyse de la santé au travail et la nécessité de relier cette analyse aux questions de justice. / Justice, and the yearning for justice are present in everyone’s life. In our societies justice is one of the most highly respected notions. It has a special satus superseding all other norms and values. Justice is seen as a central factor of our personal life and interpersonal relationships. Hence, justice, and perceptions of justice are recurrent themes in everyday life. Today, one can consider that the workplace is a major area of social interactions and that justice is a common concern in this area. The “Just World Theory” focuses on the need to believe in a just world for everyone, that is to say a world where one can get what he deserves and deserves what he gets. This belief has important adaptative functions. Since the belief that the world is just serves such an important adaptive function for the individual, people are very reluctant to give up this belief, and they can be greatly troubled if they encounter evidence that suggests that the world is, after all, not really just or orderly. Some cognitive strategies are associated with the maintainance of this belief. Furthermore, research has shown that belief in a just world is an essential resource in everyday life and allows one to enjoy a better state of mental health and well-being. In the frame of this research we searched to verify if the belief in a just world is present in the work environment and if it participates in maintaining health at work as a result of links between justice at work and health at work. Our results show that implicitly, individuals associate work and merit and work and justice. These are preconditions for the belief in a just world. Second, we identify indicators that show that situations of injustice can threaten the belief in a just world. Potentially, some cognitive strategies can be implemented to counter this threat. Finally, we note links between justice feelings and indicators of malaise and supports of well-being.This bring us to discuss the impact of this belief in a just world on the health of workers just as well as the limits of this belief. We then discuss the dominant models of analysis of health at work and the need to link this analysis to questions of justice.

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