This thesis deals with the sociological conception of the dropout (Aussteiger) figure in Wilhelm Genazino’s Ein Regenschirm für diesen Tag (2001) and, in terms of the history of ideas, his predecessors in Heinrich von Kleist’s Michael Kohlhaas (1808) and Franz Kafka’s Die Verwandlung (1913). It discusses if and how Genazino’s protagonist represents a new contemporary dropout model, and discusses the extent to which such figures can be read as dropouts, how their individual dropout characteristics are designed and motivated, and which factors connect these central characters to each other. According to Christian Schüle and his “21 Fragmente über die Identität des Aussteigers” no one can better provide a picture of the state of a society than someone who intentionally exits from it. Thus, the essential process of dropping out is described. If someone is dropping out, he is reacting to circumstances; to what extent he reacts is, however, uneven. There is no prototype of a dropout. To grasp this highly complex and little investigated phenomenon, several sociological concepts are employed, such as assimilation, deviant behaviour, alienation, individualism and the aspect of self-realization. Niklas Luhmann’s Protest serves as another theoretical basis for the concept of dropping-out (Aussteigertum). His book focuses on how protesters choose themes that none of society’s systems would recognize as their own and thereby mirror the state of things in the society as they really are. The thesis then shows how the action of all three protagonists can be associated with these sociological concepts and how Genazino’s character in Ein Regenschirm für diesen Tag is related to previous protagonists such as Kohlhaas and Samsa. Kleist’s “gebrechliche Einrichtung der Welt” becomes the alienated world of Gregor Samsa and turns into Genazino’s “Gesamtmerkwürdigkeit des Lebens” in which melancholia and succussion bring the protagonist near to failing. The experimental setting all three authors use brings to mind the philosophical stream of Existentialism, on which they all seem to verge. Under societal pressure, all three figures begin to protest against their related situations in different ways. Because of having to submit himself to the exigencies of the society, Genazino’s protagonist feels as if he has to degenerate. To escape from these feelings he continuously walks physically through his environment and at the same time applies a philosophy of sight: as a reflective observer in the river of everyday life, as a swimmer against the tide of boredom, he drops out of society in his own way, different from the way Kohlhaas and Samsa did, but still related to them.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Western Ontario, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-101).

Master's thesis deals with the reception of Franz Kafka's personality and works by generations of directors at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s. The main question discussed is what Kafka's work meant for these directors, which subject it represented for them, and how their theatrical adaptations reflected the socio-political conditions of the socialist Czechoslovakia in the period of normalization. The first chapter reflects the social and cultural context of the period while focusing on the position of the theater and movement of the small scenes which belonged to the current alternative culture. The second chapter focuses on Franz Kafka's reception by 1989 and also contains a literary interpretation of his work, on which is based the main part of the thesis. There are the analyses of the productions of America (1985, J. A. Pitínský), The Trial (1989, Arnošt Goldflam), The Metamorphosis (1988, Petr Lébl) and Josephine the Singer, or the Mouse Folk (1989, Petr Lébl). On grounds of these analyses, we can argue that Kafka’s work served to the explored generation as an expression of the existential feeling of an individual in totalitarian society. The last chapter deals with The Wish to Become an Indian (1991, J.A. Pitínský), which was created after the revolution, and shows how Franz Kafka's theatrical interpretations changed at the end of totalitarianism.

The thesis deals with photographic work of conceptual artist Ivan Kafka and questions regarding the thin line between technical documentation and its artistic quality. It focuses primarily on issues related to the documentation of art and presentation of  installa-tion records. Issues accompanying photographic documentation of art are presented using examples of specific works by Ivan Kafka and his approach from a technical and artistic point of view. The text is built around thematic interviews with the author Ivan Kafka, art photographer Martin Polák and art historian Pavlina Morgan. The purpose of  these interviews was to present a specification of Kafka's documentary approach  from different perspectives and point to the exceptional, as well as problematic aspects of his photographic work. Individual subject areas are developed considering the problematic questions concerning documentation of photography.

Orientador: Jeanne Marie Gagnebin de Bons / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T06:16:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Izabel_TomazAmorimFernandes_M.pdf: 833041 bytes, checksum: 04d7fdf7ff0d2cf8f66ff045fe8ba341 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho pretende compreender a especificidade da temporalidade nas narrativas do escritor tcheco Franz Kafka. Para isto, buscamos desenvolver o conceito de origem negativa e aplicá-lo ao romance O castelo (Das Schloß). Entende-se por origem negativa o movimento constante de negação operado pelo texto, em sua construção labiríntica, e pelos protagonistas e outros personagens em todo original, que em Kafka se encontra ausente ou danificado. No percurso do trabalho, narrativas curtas de Kafka serão comparadas a narrativas clássicas de temática semelhante, incluindo textos da Bíblia e da Odisseia. Diferentes abordagens críticas, como as de Walter Benjamin e Max Brod, serão apropriadas e criticadas em busca da formulação do conceito / Abstract: This work aims to comprehend the specificity of temporality in Czech writer Franz Kafka's narratives. In order to accomplish this, we will try to develop the concept of negative origin and apply it to the novel The castle (Das Schloß). By negative origin one understands the constant movement of negation operated, by the text itself through its labyrinthic construction and by the protagonists and other characters, on the presumptions of every original, which in Kafka is either absent or damaged. Throughout this work, short narratives from Kafka will be compared with classical narratives with similar themes, including texts from the Bible and the Odyssey. Different critical approaches, like that of Walter Benjamin and Max Brod, will be appropriated and criticized in search for the formulation of the concept / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

This study explores the nature of writing and the sorts of presence that writing gives us access to. This understanding of writing includes not only all speaking and all writing in the narrow sense of marks on a page, but goes beyond this to include the sense in which Derrida uses the term ‘writing’ in Of Grammatology, to mean a broad and complex process of the construction of textual traces or presences necessarily brought about through the structural mechanism of difference inherent in the writing process (Derrida, 1997). This study argues that writing is a system that creates Subjects or selves as the writing happens. It suggests that writing is a remarkable site from which to explore the construction of selves, because it gives us access to (partially) identifiable presences, in the apparent absence of the writer. It goes on to demonstrate that this identity can be distinguished through written traces of difference left for the reader to decipher, by analysing different aspects of the plot and writing devices in Peter Greenaway’s film The Pillow Book and in Kafka’s short story In the Penal Colony. These two texts are considered particularly relevant to this study, in that they both explicitly deal with the contradictory nature of writing and how it relates to the Being (there or the contextualised Being of Dasein) and being (in general), the life and death, the empowerment and destruction of the Subjects that writing sets up. Both texts explore salient aspects of writing on the human body. The study uses these texts as a platform for speculation about the kind of presence that can be traced through writing, and proposes that the written Subject is multiple, contradictory and reflexive, connected and related, and that it is impermanent and has a deferred presence. Finally, this written Subject is also explored in the context of Foucault’s expositions of the self in texts such as Technologies of the self (Foucault, 1994) and ‘What is an Author?’ (Foucault, 1977) in answer to his question Who are we in the present, what is this fragile moment from which we can’t detach our identity and which will carry our identity away with itself? (Foucault, 1994:xviii) Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Philosophy / unrestricted

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo expor a dificuldade que o psicólogo encontra para realizar um estudo sobre o indivíduo se não recorrer a outras esferas do saber além da ciência, como a arte, e mais especificamente, a literatura. Procura-se evidenciar que a ciência psicológica não abarca a descrição de muitos aspectos presentes na formação do indivíduo, mesmo a psicanálise freudiana, teoria considerada neste trabalho. Já a literatura pode fornecer tanto uma perspectiva histórica da cultura, como elementos que a própria razão não é capaz de apresentar. Nesse sentido, a literatura pode ser também crítica da ciência, pois tem condições de mostrar por que o inconsciente, por exemplo, se torna objeto de estudo científico somente a partir de um momento do capitalismo, quando as inúmeras mediações do capital estreitam o sentido da vida humana. A literatura permite entender como era o homem em outras épocas e, assim, ela fornece a medida das mudanças ocorridas no indivíduo, como sua perda de autonomia e dificuldade de formação. O exame dessas questões se baseia nas reflexões dos teóricos que compõem a Teoria Crítica da Escola de Frankfurt, notadamente Theodor W. Adorno e Walter Benjamin, filósofos que se utilizaram largamente da psicanálise freudiana em seus ensaios. Alguns aspectos do romance de Franz Kafka, O processo, são analisados nesta pesquisa. A leitura dessa obra de Kafka, concomitante à leitura de alguns textos de Freud, permite entender como era o indivíduo da época desses autores, bem como fornece subsídios de sua constituição. A pesquisa está dividida em três partes. Na primeira são expostos princípios teóricos para descrever a relação entre indivíduo e cultura e para entender como o trabalho do artista expõe sua realidade. No segundo momento, por meio de reflexões sobre O processo, busca-se mostrar como o romance é capaz de expor as dificuldades de existência do indivíduo. E por fim, a terceira parte procura discutir alguns limites da psicanálise freudiana e algumas relações dessa teoria com os achados da literatura. Este estudo não pretende propor a rejeição da ciência, mas sim contribuir para a reflexão sobre seus limites e, portanto, para a ampliação dos mesmos / The present research strives to discuss the difficulty to conduct a study of the individual without considering other areas of knowledge beyond science, such as art, and more specifically, literature. It tries to show that psychological science can not to understand many aspects which are present in the formation of the individual, including the Freudian psychoanalysis, theory considered in this work. Literature can provide both historical perspective as well as elements of the culture, which reason itself is not capable. In this regard, literature can also be cr itical of science because it is able to show why the unconscious, for example, becomes an object of scientific study only from a specific point of capitalism while the numerous mediations of the capital narrow the meaning of human life. Moreover literature allows us to understand how human being was in another period, and thus it provides a dimension of changes of the individual, such as loss of autonomy and difficulty of formation. The study of these issues is based on the theory of some thinkers who compound the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School, especially Theodor W. Adorno and Walter Benjamin, philosophers who approached Freudian psychoanalysis in their essays. Some aspects of the novel by Franz Kafka, The Trial, are analyzed in this research. The reading of the work of Kafka together with some texts of Freud helps to understand how the individual of that period was, as well as, provides elements of their formation. The research is divided in three parts. First of all, theoretical principles are exposed to describe the relationship between the individual and culture and to understand how the work of the artist exposes his reality. Secondly, by thinking about The Trial, it seeks to show how modern novel is able to expose the difficulties of the individual existence. Finally, it discusses some limits of Freudian psychoanalysis and its relation to literature findings. This study does not intend to propose rejection of science, but rather contribute to the thinking and therefore broadening of its limits

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo expor a dificuldade que o psicólogo encontra para realizar um estudo sobre o indivíduo se não recorrer a outras esferas do saber além da ciência, como a arte, e mais especificamente, a literatura. Procura-se evidenciar que a ciência psicológica não abarca a descrição de muitos aspectos presentes na formação do indivíduo, mesmo a psicanálise freudiana, teoria considerada neste trabalho. Já a literatura pode fornecer tanto uma perspectiva histórica da cultura, como elementos que a própria razão não é capaz de apresentar. Nesse sentido, a literatura pode ser também crítica da ciência, pois tem condições de mostrar por que o inconsciente, por exemplo, se torna objeto de estudo científico somente a partir de um momento do capitalismo, quando as inúmeras mediações do capital estreitam o sentido da vida humana. A literatura permite entender como era o homem em outras épocas e, assim, ela fornece a medida das mudanças ocorridas no indivíduo, como sua perda de autonomia e dificuldade de formação. O exame dessas questões se baseia nas reflexões dos teóricos que compõem a Teoria Crítica da Escola de Frankfurt, notadamente Theodor W. Adorno e Walter Benjamin, filósofos que se utilizaram largamente da psicanálise freudiana em seus ensaios. Alguns aspectos do romance de Franz Kafka, O processo, são analisados nesta pesquisa. A leitura dessa obra de Kafka, concomitante à leitura de alguns textos de Freud, permite entender como era o indivíduo da época desses autores, bem como fornece subsídios de sua constituição. A pesquisa está dividida em três partes. Na primeira são expostos princípios teóricos para descrever a relação entre indivíduo e cultura e para entender como o trabalho do artista expõe sua realidade. No segundo momento, por meio de reflexões sobre O processo, busca-se mostrar como o romance é capaz de expor as dificuldades de existência do indivíduo. E por fim, a terceira parte procura discutir alguns limites da psicanálise freudiana e algumas relações dessa teoria com os achados da literatura. Este estudo não pretende propor a rejeição da ciência, mas sim contribuir para a reflexão sobre seus limites e, portanto, para a ampliação dos mesmos / The present research strives to discuss the difficulty to conduct a study of the individual without considering other areas of knowledge beyond science, such as art, and more specifically, literature. It tries to show that psychological science can not to understand many aspects which are present in the formation of the individual, including the Freudian psychoanalysis, theory considered in this work. Literature can provide both historical perspective as well as elements of the culture, which reason itself is not capable. In this regard, literature can also be cr itical of science because it is able to show why the unconscious, for example, becomes an object of scientific study only from a specific point of capitalism while the numerous mediations of the capital narrow the meaning of human life. Moreover literature allows us to understand how human being was in another period, and thus it provides a dimension of changes of the individual, such as loss of autonomy and difficulty of formation. The study of these issues is based on the theory of some thinkers who compound the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School, especially Theodor W. Adorno and Walter Benjamin, philosophers who approached Freudian psychoanalysis in their essays. Some aspects of the novel by Franz Kafka, The Trial, are analyzed in this research. The reading of the work of Kafka together with some texts of Freud helps to understand how the individual of that period was, as well as, provides elements of their formation. The research is divided in three parts. First of all, theoretical principles are exposed to describe the relationship between the individual and culture and to understand how the work of the artist exposes his reality. Secondly, by thinking about The Trial, it seeks to show how modern novel is able to expose the difficulties of the individual existence. Finally, it discusses some limits of Freudian psychoanalysis and its relation to literature findings. This study does not intend to propose rejection of science, but rather contribute to the thinking and therefore broadening of its limits

This master thesis deals with the phenomenon of non-human narrator in the literary fiction. The theoretical part of the thesis provides a conceptual framework. The framework is based on the so-called unnatural narratology. Firstly, the thesis discusses non-human narrators that are conventionally accepted. Secondly, the thesis provides a case study of non-human narrators that are perceived as unnatural. The case study includes examples from both canonical works and contemporary works. The research focuses on two main levels related to the usage of the phenomenon of non-human narration as used in the narratives: the level of "meaning" and the level of "form and effect".

Microservice architecture, which involves breaking down applications into smaller and loosely coupled components, is becoming increasingly common in the development of modern systems. Connections between these components can be established in various ways. One of these approaches is event-driven architecture, where components in the system communicate asynchronously with each other through message queues.  AWS, Amazon Web Services, the largest provider of cloud-based services, offers such a messaging queue: SQS, Amazon Simple Queue Service, which can be integrated with SNS, Amazon Simple Notification Service, to enable "one-to-many" asynchronous communication.  An alternative tool is Apache Kafka, created by LinkedIn and later open-sourced under the Apache Software Foundation. Apache Kafka is an event logging and streaming platform that can also function as a message queue in an event-driven architecture.  The authors of this thesis have been commissioned by Scania to compare and evaluate the performance of these two tools and investigate whether there are use cases where one might be more suitable than the other. To achieve this, two prototypes were developed, each prototype consisting of a producer microservice and a consumer microservice. These prototypes were then used to conduct latency and load tests by producing messages and measuring the time interval until they were consumed.  The results of the tests show that Apache Kafka has a lower average latency than SNS/SQS and scales more efficiently with increasing data volumes, making it more suitable for use cases involving real-time data streaming. Its potential as a message bus for loosely coupled components in the system is also evident. In this context, SNS/SQS is equally valuable, as it operates as a dedicated message bus with good latency and offers a user-friendly and straightforward setup process. / Mikrotjänstarkitektur, som innebär att applikationer bryts ned till mindre och löst kopplade komponenter, är något som blir allt vanligare vid utvecklingen av moderna system. Kopplingar mellan dessa komponenter kan etableras på olika sätt. Ett av dessa tillvägagångssätt är händelsedriven arkitektur, där komponenterna i systemet kommunicerar asynkront med varandra genom meddelandeköer.  AWS, Amazon Web Services, som är den största leverantören av molnbaserade tjänster, tillhandahåller en sådan meddelandekö: SQS, Amazon Simple Queue Service, som kan integreras med SNS, Amazon Simple Notification Service för att möjliggöra ”en-till-många” asynkron kommunikation.  Ett alternativt verktyg är Apache Kafka, skapat av Linkedin och senare öppen källkodspublicerad under Apache Software Foundation. Apache Kafka är en händelselogg och strömningsplattform som även kan fungera som en meddelandekö i en händelsedriven arkitektur.  Författarna av detta arbete har på uppdrag av Scania blivit ombedda att jämföra och utvärdera prestandan hos de två verktygen samt undersöka om det finns användningsfall där det ena kan vara mer lämpligt än det andra. För att uppnå detta utvecklades två prototyper, där varje prototyp består av en producent- och en konsumentmikrotjänst. Dessa prototyper användes sedan för att genomföra latens- och lasttester genom att producera meddelanden och mäta tidsintervallet till dess att de konsumerades.  Resultatet från testerna visar att Apache Kafka har lägre genomsnittlig latens än SNS/SQS och skalar mer effektivt vid ökande datamängder, vilket gör det mer lämpat för användningsfall med realtidsströmning av data. Dess potential som meddelandebuss för löst kopplade komponenter i systemet är också tydlig. I detta sammanhang är SNS/SQS lika användbart, då det fungerar som en dedikerad meddelandebuss med god latens och en användarvänlig och enkel startprocess.