"This paper examines multi-threaded Kafka producer applications, and how the performance of such applications is affected by how the number of producer instances relates to the number of executing threads. Specifically, the performance of such applications when using a single producer instance, shared among all threads, and when each thread is allotted a separate, private instance, is compared. This comparison is carried out for a number of different producer configurations and varying levels of computational work per message produced.Overall, the data indicates that utilizing private producer instances results in highe rperformance, in terms of data throughput, than sharing a single instance among the executing threads. The magnitude of this difference is affected, to some extent, by the configuration profiles used to create the producer instances, as well as the computational workload of the application hosting the producers. Specifically, configuring producers for reliability seems to increase the difference, and so does increasing the rate at which messages are to be produced.As a result of this, Brod, a wrapper library [56], based on an implementation of a client library for Apache Kafka [25], has been developed. The purpose of the library is to provide functionality which simplifies the development of multi-threadedKafka producer applications."

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-02T12:31:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Oyakawa.pdf: 3146353 bytes, checksum: 0051abe6693a8423b12c8c6711bbec0c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-02T12:31:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Oyakawa.pdf: 3146353 bytes, checksum: 0051abe6693a8423b12c8c6711bbec0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study is dedicated to the knowledge of writer Franz Kafka’s literature, under the egis of the religious mystic interpretation. In order to accomplish this goal, Franz Kafka’s biography is presented, to allow his “personality enclosed by a glass wall” to be accurately exposed. Kafka’s life and work are so inextricably combined that it would not be possible to appropriately enlighten his literature without previously understanding his conflicting relationship with parents and girlfriends, as well as his difficulties with work – done with anxiety and discouragement – and with Judaism, basis of his family formation. Following this, this study comprehends analytical multiple visions, emphasizing the hermeneutic polissemy and difficulties of univocally understanding Kafka, without taking into consideration his “literature astonishment”, responsible for making him one of the authors that were mostly read and commented during XX and XXI centuries. Essential scope of the third session is offering a critical view about the efforts to interpret his writings under the religious mystic harness. For this, “Max Brod case” will be discussed and the hypothesis brought by the religions historian Gershom Scholem who presented Kafka as a heretic cabalist. Last but not least, textual hermeneutics will be made (Die Verwandlung, Der Prozess, Der Brau and Forschungen Eines Hund) under cabalistic perspective, trying to uncover Deus Absconditus who is shown in Kafka’s literature with the diversity of chromatic and sonorous tones as a small light shining in the dark / Este estudo é dedicado ao conhecimento da obra do escritor Franz Kafka, sob a égide da interpretação religiosa-mística. Para que logre esse intento, apresenta a biografia de Franz Kafka, a fim de desvelar acuradamente a sua “personalidade encerrada por uma parede de vidro”. Em Kafka, vida e obra se misturam inextricavelmente, de tal maneira que não se pode esclarecer convenientemente a sua literatura sem antes saber de sua relação conflituosa com os pais, com as namoradas, as suas dificuldades concernentes ao trabalho – realizado sob ansiedade e desalento – e com o judaísmo, constitutivo de sua formação familiar. A seguir, este trabalho estuda as multivisões analíticas, sublinhando a polissemia hermenêutica e as dificuldades de se compreender Kafka de maneira unívoca, isto é, sem levar em consideração o “assombro de sua literatura”, responsável por transformá-lo num dos autores mais lidos e comentados no deambular dos séculos XX e XXI. A terceira sessão tem como escopo fundamental oferecer um olhar crítico sobre as tentativas de interpretar os escritos sob o jaez místico-religioso. Para tanto, discute-se o “caso Max Brod” e a hipótese aventada pelo historiador das religiões Gershom Scholem, segundo a qual teria sido Kafka um cabalista herético. Finalmente, faz-se a hermenêutica textual (O Covil, A Metamorfose, O Processo e Investigações sobre um Cão) sob o ponto de vista cabalístico, ou seja, tentando deslindar o Deus Absconditus que, na diversidade de tons cromáticos e sonoros, incide na obra de Kafka como pequena luz brilhando nas trevas

Thesis (doctoral) - Universität, Heidelberg, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 389-417) and index.

Ce travail vise à scruter quatre lectures de Kafka dans la philosophie allemande. Pourquoi ces philosophes ont-ils rencontré et interprété Kafka ? La première hypothèse est d’ordre biographique : leurs découvertes de Kafka sont marquées par le sentiment d’une proximité personnelle à l’égard ce qu’il donne à lire. Kafka est l’écrivain d’un certain moment, où le rapport à la langue ne va pas de soi, où l’expérience de l’exil prédomine, et où les mutations historiques rendent les contours de la subjectivité flous. La seconde hypothèse est philosophique : leurs lectures se fondent sur la nécessité de philosopher autrement, afin d’intégrer ces mutations. On ne peut plus penser selon les catégories du sens, de l’identité, de la conscience - mais il faut accepter que le sujet découvre en lui un étranger. Le défi que Kafka dresse devant ces philosophes serait donc de pouvoir « penser la métamorphose ». Celle du sujet, mais aussi celle que subit la philosophie au contact de la littérature. Et enfin, celle que Kafka invente dans l’ensemble de son œuvre, dont nous montrons qu’elle est irriguée par le « devenir-animal ». / We are focusing on studying four readings of Kafka in german philosophy. Why have these philosophers met and interpreted Kafka ? Our first hypothesis is a biographical one : their reading of Kafka’s books are influenced by the feeling of a proximity between his life and their experiences. Kafka represents a crisis : in his work, the language is not innate anymore, experiencing exile is prevailing, the historical mutations affect the concept of subjectivity. The second hypothesis concerns the philosophy itself : because of these mutations, the traditional metaphysical categories of sense or consiousness are obsolete ideas. The subject is becoming a stranger. Kafka is challenging philosophers to « think out the metamorphosis », the subject’s metamorphosis, the philosophy’s metamorphosis, and finally, the one Kafka invented, which is everpresent in his works, the notion of a « becoming-animal ».

The thesis provides an overview of the life and work of Pavel/Paul Eisner (1889-1958), a Czech translator of Jewish-German origin, focusing on his translation activities and "marginal" cultural identity, which served as the basis of his triple ghetto theory and "Prague interpretation" of the works of Franz Kafka. Eisner's translations of the novels The Castle and The Trial are examined using Gideon Toury's descriptive model of translation analysis, with the aim to determine their most prominent features and asses them in terms of their acceptability/adequacy in the target literature. The selected excerpts are subsequently compared with the source text to reconstruct the translator's method and find out in what way it was influenced by Eisner's theories on Kafka, stemming from his own life experience of a Prague German Jew. Key words: Pavel Eisner, Paul Eisner, Franz Kafka, triple ghetto, The Castle, The Trial, translation analysis, Gideon Toury

Det här arbetet diskuterar ett utforskande musikaliskt gestaltningsprojekt, Från botten av en brunn, som utgörs av fyra satser för klarinett, cello och modulärt synthesizersystem baserat på var sin person ur den japanska författaren Haruki Murakamis roman Kafka på stranden (Umibe no Kafuka, 海辺のカフカ) från 2002. Arbetet har utgått ifrån en metodisk bearbetning av romantexten med hjälp av grundad teori för att skapa både syntetiska och samplade klanger och komposition ur texten. Grundad teori togs ursprungligen fram inom sociologi för att forma ny kunskap ur kvalitativ data med hjälp av en rigorös process, där teoretisk känslighet stödjer och vägleder tolkningar. I mitt arbete har det här snarare handlat om estetisk sensibilitet som väglett mina tolkningar av texten, hjälpt mig att göra urval och omforma romanen till musik och framförande. / This work discusses an exploratory musical composition project, From the bottom of a Well, which consists of four movements for clarinet, cello, and modular synthesizer system, where each movement is based on each person from the Japanese author Haruki Murakami's novel Kafka on the beach (Umibe no Kafuka, 海辺のカフカ) from 2002. The work has been based on a methodical processing of the novel text with the help of grounded theory to create both synthetic and sampled sounds and composition from the text. Grounded theory was originally developed in sociology to shape new knowledge from qualitative data using a rigorous process, where theoretical sensitivity supports and guides interpretations. In my work, this has rather been about aesthetic sensibility that has guided my interpretations of the text, helped me to make selections, and to transform the novel into a music composition and a performance.

The standard processing architectures are enough to satisfy a lot of applications by employing already existing stream processing frameworks which are able to manage distributed data processing. In some specific cases, having geographically distributed data sources requires to distribute even more the processing over a large area by employing a geographically distributed architecture.‌ The issue addressed in this work is the reduction of data movement across the network which is continuously flowing in a geo-distributed architecture from streaming sources to the processing location and among processing entities within the same distributed cluster. Reduction of data movement can be critical for decreasing bandwidth costs since accessing links placed in the middle of the network can be costly and can increase as the amount of data exchanges increase. In this work we want to create a different concept to deploy geographically distributed architectures by relying on Apache Spark Structured Streaming and Apache Kafka. The features needed for an algorithm to run on a geo-distributed architecture are provided. The algorithms to be executed on this architecture apply the windowing and the data synopses techniques to produce a summaries of the input data and to address issues of the geographically distributed architecture. The computation of the average and the Misra-Gries algorithm are then implemented to test the designed architecture. This thesis work contributes in providing a new model of building geographically distributed architecture. The experimental results show that, for the algorithms running on top of the geo distributed architecture, the computation time is reduced on average by 70% compared to the distributed setup. Similarly, and the amount of data exchanged across the network is reduced on average by 99%, compared to the distributed setup. / Standardbehandlingsarkitekturer är tillräckligt för uppfylla behoven av många tillämpningar genom användning av befintliga ramverk för flödesbehandling med stöd för distribuerad databehandling. I specifika fall kan geografiskt fördelade datakällor kräva att databehandlingen fördelas över ett stort område med hjälp av en geografiskt distribuerad arkitektur. Problemet som behandlas i detta arbete är minskningen av kontinuerlig dataöverföring i ett nätverk med geo-distribuerad arkitektur. Minskad dataöverföring kan vara avgörande för minskade bandbreddskonstnader då åtkomst av länkar placerade i mitten av ett nätverk kan vara dyrt och öka ytterligare med tilltagande dataöverföring. I det här arbetet vill vi skapa ett nytt koncept för att upprätta geografiskt distribuerade arkitekturer med hjälp av Apache Spark Structured Streaming och Apache Kafka. Funktioner och förutsättningar som behövs för att en algoritm ska kunna köras på en geografisk distribuerad arkitektur tillhandahålls. Algoritmerna som ska köras på denna arkitektur tillämpar “windowing synopsing” och “data synopses”-tekniker för att framställa en sammanfattning av ingående data samt behandla problem beträffande den geografiskt fördelade arkitekturen. Beräkning av medelvärdet och Misra-Gries-algoritmen implementeras för att testa den konstruerade arkitekturen. Denna avhandling bidrar till att förse ny modell för att bygga geografiskt distribuerad arkitektur. Experimentella resultat visar att beräkningstiden reduceras i genomsnitt 70% för de algoritmer som körs ovanför den geo-distribuerade arkitekturen jämfört med den distribuerade konfigurationen. På liknande sätt reduceras mängden data som utväxlas över nätverket med 99% i snitt jämfört med den distribuerade inställningen.