Resumé Tato diplomová práce se zabývá historií, státoprávním postavením, statusem a uznáním Náhorního Karabachu. Problematika Náhorního Karabachu je často diskutovaným a politický ožehavým tématem mezinárodního společenství. Otázka Náhorního Karabachu je předně otázkou právní, ale má přímé politické důsledky. Náhorní Karabach je územím o rozloze 4400 km2, nacházejícím se na jihozápadě Ázerbájdžánu a ve východní části arménského pohoří. Arménie a Ázerbájdžán vedou o toto území dlouholetý spor, který v období rozpadu Sovětského Svazu na počátku 90. let 20. století vygradoval v regulérní válečný konflikt. Větší část území Karabachu je v současné době fakticky kontrolována neuznanou Republikou Náhorní Karabach. Status Náhorního Karabachu je sporný. Na Náhorní Karabach se dá pohlížet jako na nezávislý stát. Republika Náhorní Karabach, která má: státní území, obyvatelstvo a efektivní vládu, která skutečně drží moc v zemi, čímž vykazuje tři základní kritéria předepsaná mezinárodním právem proto, aby byla na základě nezadatelného práva národa na sebeurčení uznána suverénním státem. V současném světě však kromě těchto tří základních kritérii se setkáváme i s dalším institutem mezinárodního práva, a to sice uznáním státu za plnoprávného člena mezinárodního společenství, kterého se však do dnešního dne Náhornímu...

Under kriget i Nagorno-Karabach år 2020 nyttjades drönare på ett för omvärldenuppseendeväckande sätt. Drönare uppfattas ha spelat en stor roll när Azerbajdzjan besegradeArmenien i kriget vilket får drönare att framstå som ett lättillgängligt och billigt alternativ till dedyra och komplicerade bemannade stridsflygplanen.Denna fallstudie nyttjar Douhets och Papes luftmaktsteorier för att skapa vetenskapligt grundadkunskap om nyttjandet av drönare i kriget i Nagorno-Karabach 2020. Genom att betrakta kriget urdessa två teoretikers perspektiv utreds hur drönare användes och på vilket sätt de bidrog med militärnytta. Syftet är att bidra till en mer välinformerad debatt om drönares plats i modern krigföring. Genom analys ur Douhets perspektiv framkommer att drönares fria rörlighet i tre dimensioner har varit till stor fördel för dess brukare. Genom att nyttja denna egenskap lyckades Azerbajdzjan inledningsvis skapa luftöverlägsenhet över krigsområdet och sedan bekämpa armeniska mål både ianslutning till fronten och bakom densamma på ett till synes avgörande sätt. Dock framkommer att kriget avgjordes av flera vapenslag i samverkan, inte enskilt av drönare. Genom analys ur Papes perspektiv framkommer att de azerbajdzjanska drönarna har nått stor effektnär de nyttjats som direkt understöd till marktrupper genom dess effektiva anfall mot försvararensförband och dess nära bakomvarande stödfunktioner. Genom att på detta sätt förneka Armenien möjligheten att effektivt försvara sig användes de azerbajdzjanska drönarna enligt Papes nekandestrategi. I analysen framkommer ett flertal faktorer som är specifika för kriget i Nagorno-Karabach 2020 somverkat till drönarnas fördel. Om dessa faktorer varit annorlunda hade drönarnas effektivitet troligen minskat.

This study examines the correlation between tactics and technology in the case of the war overNagorno-Karabakh 2020, between Azerbaijan and Armenia. There is a debate going on aboutwhether the high-tech drones from Turkey and Israel were the decisive factors in the war, or if thetactical aspects and preparations is what gave the main success of the war.This will be tested against parts of Geoffrey Till ́s theory “Understanding victory” through a theoryconsuming case study using some of his perspectives, with qualitative text analysis of the empiricaldata consisting of think tanks, news articles, government documents and analysts ́ statements. Theresult of the study indicates that none of the perspectives could carry the war itself, but tactics werea slightly bigger factor for success.

This diploma thesis deals with issues of statehood. In this study, we examined the de facto states, i.e. countries that are not internationally recognized. First described the characteristics of the state. Subsequently, we examined the international recognition of the state. It will also define the term de facto work is divided into four main chapters. On the basis of the criteria laid down Montevideo Convention of 1933 will be discussed features of statehood. Described is also the state sovereignty and the principles of international recognition by members of the international community. In the second chapter will be presented in greater detail the general features of de facto states. Attention will be paid to formation of de facto states including a detailed explanation of the issue of the right to self-determination and secession. In the third and fourth chapters, attention will be given to the two de facto states, Turkish Republic of Northern and Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. In these chapters, the emphasis is also on the historical aspects, the political situation inside these entities, as well as in the whole region. Another goal of these chapters is also to analyse the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. In the case of Northern Cyprus will be analysed in particular the judgments of...

The conflicts in Nagorno-Karabakh and eastern Ukraine have spurred a great deal of interest regarding the implications for modern warfare. Both schoolers and militaries alike have been trying  to decern what kind of implications these conflicts, complete with new weapons and capabilities have upon tomorrow’s battlefield. Theories that try to provide an explanatory outcome of conflicts has often been centered down to the age-old question whether it is the scientific material side or the artistic maneuver that takes the precedence for explaining victory on the battlefield. The purpose of this paper is to try and combine those views by using Randall Collins theory regarding the outcome of conflicts, to explain the battles of Ilovaisk 2014 and the Azerbaijani advance in Sothern Nagorno-Karabakh 2020. That way both sides are taken into account and help mitigate the debate. Furthermore, the making of a structural analytical framework tests the theory and is beneficial for further research. The framework developed from the theory, have two different main casual ways to explain victory on the battlefield. One stem from the material side called attrition and one from the artistic side called maneuverer. The framework was then applied upon a number of different reports, books, and other open sources from the conflicts. Conclusions from the results are that attritional warfare has been a viable way to achieve victory and that the long-range precision firepower that drone warfare offer has the advantage over the defensive counters.

In over 20 years of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, there has been no significant progress towards a peaceful agreement. It has been argued that there is not enough incentive for leaders to agree to a compromise and that the citizens are not ready to accept one. In this context, the way the conflict and the enemy are described in public discourse is important not only because it represents the viewpoints of those producing the discourse but because it can have a real effect on public opinion. This paper examines discourse on Azerbaijan and the future of Nagorno-Karabakh in an official newspaper, showing that distrust of Azerbaijan and rigid expectations about the future of Nagorno-Karabakh are dominant.

in English The object of this diploma thesis is to answer the question, how can international organizations (UN, Council of Europe and OSCE) effectively regulate conflicts among their member states, or which instruments are they for this purpose equipped with. The thesis is divided into three main parts - theoretical study, part dedicated to the individual international organizations and the case study. The first part offers a definition of basic legal concepts, as they will be used in the following parts of the study with an emphasis on the definition of the concept "coercion". The following part deals with the instruments of coercion the international organizations are equipped with. In the third part are the findings from the previous parts confronted with a real case of the effort to regulate the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia in Nagorno Karabakh. This structure of the thesis can be also described as a progress from a theoretic basis, through an applied theory contained in particular agreements, to their practical realization in the concrete case. Based on the completed study the author concludes that unilateral instruments of coercion, that the particular organizations have at their disposal, are often not appropriate (exclusion from organization), ineffective (political declaration)...

Univ., Diss--Frankfurt (Main), 2000.

The aim of this thesis is to contribute to theoretically sound concept of Peace Journalism, which combines theoretical foundations from two spheres: conflict and peace studies and media studies. Influence of journalists as intervening force and explaining factor with regard to (violent) conflict is neglected. However, Peace Journalism is not theoretically strong and builds upon dualistic definition vis-á-vis so-called War Journalism. The concept of Peace Journalism has to overcome this delamination in order to reflect theoretical underpinnings of conflict transformation theory and conflict analysis. Moreover, Peace Journalism has to differentiate media according to an involvement of given societies in a conflict. This offers an opportunity to specifically and accurately analyse news coverage of conflicts. Case studies analysing Czech coverage of Cyprus and Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts illustrates this approach. The coverage is essentially flat, distorts a reality of the conflict, pays attention to visual and physical aspects of the conflict and closes the conflicts in arbitrary time boundaries.

Abstract – From de facto to de jure: A comparative study between three post-Soviet territories path towards diplomatic recognition The purpose of this essay has been to study how well three post-Soviet de facto states live up to the definition of the concepts of state and sovereignty. Basically, the focus has been to, with the help of an analysis scheme constructed specifically for this study, analyse the situation the three de facto states are currently in and then compare their situations to one another. With the study I want to show that the history of the de facto states, as well as their current legal status, carry with them differences and similarities that play a major role in their future. By analysing a number of scientific articles and other research material within the social science sphere, I have been able to compile a table that shows how well the case studies live up to the seven criteria of the state outlined by Martin Glassner in Political Geography (2004). The main result of the study has been that various historical and demographic circumstances in the three de facto states have distinguished them from one another during the more than three decades that have passed since the fall of the Soviet Union. However, this is in stark contrast to the strong ties they all have to a patron state, which in all cases is crucial to the legal state of limbo they are all currently residing in.