A Pragmatic Analysis of Olunyole Idiom examines the functionality of Olunyole idioms in socio-cultural interactional contexts. The study investigates the relationship between the construction and interpretation of Olunyole idioms and the representation of the social reality as reflected in the native speakers’ (Abanyole) world view. The study employs the descriptive qualitative research design and builds on the functional approach to the study of language. The Olunyole idioms are collected from the initial sample of over 240 native speakers through language elicitation tests. The idioms collected are subjected to confirmation through ethnographic observation and questionnaires involving a further 30 native speakers. Interviews and focused discussions with a purposively selected sample of sixteen elderly native speaker informants provide further confirmation and linguistic insight into the functionality of the Olunyole idioms.framework in interrogating the role of language in social structure and organization within contextualised interactional conversations involving Olunyole idioms. The data of idiomatic expressions is analyzed into pragmatic domains that characterize the Abanyole perceptions of their world view as a speech community. It is concluded that the idioms project the people’s cultural beliefs and perpetuate the norms and values of the speakers in their mutual interactive use of language. The Olunyole idiomatic utterances regulate the people’s behaviour for harmonious co-existence. The composition and comprehension of the idioms is therefore context-dependent in realizing deliberate acts that control social interaction. The study contributes to the attempts to preserve and promote the African Languages. It is recommended that studies need to be carried out on the other systems of Olunyole idioms such as the syntactic structure. Furthermore, the investigation between idioms and other levels of indirect language could provide enriching insights in Language and Linguistics. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil.(African Languages)

Master thesis on the topic Characterization of artistic expression of Kenyan pupils is composed of theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part is focused on cultural, social and political arrangement in Kenya and brief characterization of chosen ethnics related to their historic and cultural context. Important part of the thesis is dedicated to contemporary and also to the traditional Kenyan art. The goal of the theoretical part is to clarify Kenyan educational system focused on art education. Empirical part is focused on actual artistic expression of Kenyan pupils and describes the process of in advance prepared lectures of art in elementary schools in set areas. Part of the thesis is also image documentation.

Doctor Legum - LLD / Poverty and inequality are deeply entrenched in Kenya, with the country being one of the mostunequal countries in the world. To eradicate poverty and inequality, enhance the achievement ofsocial justice, fast-track human development, as well as to entrench participatory democracy and a culture of justification in governance, Kenya has, for the first time, entrenched justiciable socio-economic rights (SERs) in its 2010 Constitution. In this thesis, I undertake a criticalanalysis of the prospects for the implementation and enforcement of the entrenched SERs as well as the probable challenges that Kenya may face in their realisation. In this endeavour, the thesis develops a theoretical and interpretive approach for the realisation of these entrenched SERs. It entails an expansive analysis of the nature, scope, content and extent of the SERs entrenched in the 2010 Kenyan Constitution, and especially the place of international human rights obligations contained in customs and ratified international human rights treaties due to the provisions of the 2010 Constitution which espouse the direct application of international law in Kenya’s domestic legal system. It is submitted in this thesis that in order to improve the socio-economic conditions of the poor, vulnerable and marginalised groups in Kenya, there is a need for their socio-economic as well as political empowerment to enable them to effectively take part in societal decision-making in both the public and private spheres with regard to resource (re)distribution. The theory of dialogical constitutionalism, based on the constitutionally entrenched principle of popular participation in governance and public decision-making, is aimed at the realisation of both political and socio-economic empowerment of these groups. Even though the theory of dialogical constitutionalism underscores the importance of litigation in the achievement of the transformative aspirations of the 2010 Kenyan Constitution contained in the entrenched SERs, it acknowledges that litigation is not the panacea of SER enforcement, and that other political and advocacy strategies play an important role in the emancipation of the socio-economically deprived groups in society. The thesis thus advocates a multi-pronged strategy which espouses the equal participation of all sectors of society in a collaborative and cooperative deliberative effort aimed at the full realisation of the entrenched SERs. To accompany the above theoretical framework for the interpretation and implementation of the entrenched SERs, the thesis further proposes a transformative and integrated approach which combines the progressive aspects of the minimum core approach and the reasonableness approach. This is an approach of purposive interpretion which, in the first instance, envisages the courts undertaking a strict and searching scrutiny of the SER implementation framework developed by the political institutions of the State to ensure that sufficient provision has been made for the basic necessities of the most poor and vulnerable groups in society, basically the espousal of a minimum core content approach. The approach entails the requirement that should the SER implementation framework fail to provide this basic minimum to vulnerable groups, and the political institutions do not provide a substantive justification as to the failure, then the courts should find the relevant SER implementation framework per se unreasonable and thus invalid. However, should the implementation framework provide sufficiently for the basic essentials for vulnerable groups, the courts should then proceed to review it using the reasonableness standards that have been developed by the South African Constitutional Court. The rationale for this searching analysis is the acknowledgement that if the needs and interests of the most indigent and marginalised in society are not catered for, the entire corpus of rights in the Bill of Rights becomes redundant. The thesis then undertakes a case study of two rights, the right to food and the right to housing, using the theoretical and interpretive approaches developed in the previous chapters of the thesis. On food security, the thesis finds that Kenya is a food insecure country with a declining food production capacity. This is basically due to a lack of subsidy to farmers, global warming leading to intermittent rainfall, lack of investment in sustainable agriculture as well as a fragmented and contradictory legislative and policy agenda. In response to this situation, the thesis proposes the adoption of a livelihoods approach to food security in Kenya, based on the constitutionally entrenched right to food and other supporting rights. This approach advocates the enhancement of the food entitlements of the different sectors of the Kenyan society to ensure their access to adequate and nutritious food, be it through self-production or through the market. On the right to housing, the thesis finds that housing plays a crucial role in ensuring that people are able to have a holistic, dignified and valuable existence. However, Kenya faces a dire housing situation, with the majority of Kenyans, both in rural and urban areas lacking adequate shelter and sanitary conditions, evidenced by the large informal settlements in urban areas and the squatter phenomenon in rural areas. With the entrenchment of a justiciable right to adequate housing in the 2010 Constitution, the study finds that several legislative and policy reforms are underway to improve the housing situation, with efforts being made to draft the Landlord and Tenant Bill 2007, the Housing Bill 2011, the Evictions and resettlement Guidelines and the Evictions and Resettlement Procedures Bill, 2012, among others. The thesis proposes that these legal reforms must be undertaken within an environment of cooperative and collaborative strategic partnership involving all sectors of society so as to ensure that the housing concerns as well as interests of all are catered for.

Mwandishi mashuhuri na msomi mtajika wa fasihi ya Kiswahili Kennedy Waliaula Walibora aliyezaliwa mnamo Januari 6, 1965 aliaga dunia mnamo April 10, 2020. Kimani Njogu, msomi mweledi wa fasihi ya Kiswahili na mwanaharakati wa kijamii, anamwenzi Marehemu Ken Walibora akisisitiza kuwa alitoa mchango madhubuti wenye maki na kina kwa lugha na fasihi ya Kiswahili. Kwa hilo, atakumbukwa na vizazi vijavyo. / Famous Swahili writer and renowned scholar Kennedy Waliaula Walibora who was born on January 6, 1965 passed away on April 10, 2020. Kimani Njogu, accomplished scholar of Swahili literature and social activist, honours the late Ken Walibora by emphasizing his most remarkable achievements and deep impact on Swahili language and literature. He will be remembered by generations to come.

The complexities of issues existing in Kenya create a domino effect directly affecting not only the effective management and economic growth of Kenya, but also social and legislative constraints to the lower socioeconomic classes. Land dispossession, proof of ownership to property and nationality are ongoing troubling issues affecting increased orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Kenya, most noticeably within predominantly poverty stricken rural enclaves. This research focuses on the bold move of stakeholders of Trinity United Methodist Church in Naivasha, Kenya partnering with First United Methodist Church of Winter Park, Orlando, United States of America. In 2010, they conceptualized Panua Partners in Hope, a transformational ministerial assisted non-profit organization program. These churches recently established support to orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Naivasha, Kenya. Decisively apply all their available resources to stem the varying issues these orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) are facing. Whereby, the program is designed to teach self-sufficiency, wealth creation through sustainable income generation and entrepreneurship, and religious relationship development. Continued education is a key component of which Panua mandates. Ongoing (learning) education ensures each child remain in school – (basic, primary and secondary school levels). In addition to ensuring orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) are legally aware of their civil, human and property rights. Conversely, these issues being perpetual worldwide challenges, however, the aim of this research is to specifically address its impactive progression on orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). Thus, outlining their local conditions, the provisions of governmental policies, and assistance, or lack thereof to remedy such current challenges. Additionally, the research will outline reformed constitutional statutes despite being ratified, have not addressed the major issues currently impinging on the freedom and rights of rural communities in Naivasha, Kenya.

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Cette étude se focalise sur le cadre large du français non-généraliste et plus précisément du français de spécialité visant le domaine de l’hôtellerie et du tourisme. Elle a pour objectif de montrer dans quelle mesure l’enseignement du français de l’hôtellerie et du tourisme offert dans les universités publiques kényanes répond aux besoins des apprenants. Elle prend une approche systémique centrée sur l’apprenant. Des méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives ont été employées pour le recueil des données. Une analyse des besoins des apprenants a été effectuée auprès des apprenants. Les perspectives des besoins des apprenants par différents acteurs, à savoir, les enseignants et les professionnels ont été également sollicitées. Les résultats montrent qu’il existe des besoins par rapport à tous les paramètres étudiés et que ces besoins sont transversaux plutôt que liés à la spécialité. Des recoupements des perspectives des différents acteurs des besoins des apprenants ont été notés ainsi que des divergences. Par rapport aux enseignants, ces divergences se rapportent à l’ampleur des besoins tandis que pour les professionnels, celles –ci portent sur la variété des besoins recensés. Les résultats de nos enquêtes nous montrent que l’analyse des besoins reste une pratique valable en français de spécialité et que dans un cas idéal, elle doit être centrée sur les apprenants. / This study focuses on the larger sphere of non-general French and more precisely on French for specific purposes targeting the hospitality and tourism sector. Its objective is to show to what extent the French for hospitality and tourism courses offered in Kenyan public universities meet the needs of learners. The study takes a learner centred systemic approach. Quantitative and qualitative data-collection methods were used. An analysis of learners’ needs was conducted with the learners. The views of different actors, namely, teachers and industry professionals were also sought. The results indicate the existence of needs in all parameters studied. These needs were mainly general in nature rather than specific to the area of specialisation. Similarities and differences were also noted in the views of the various actors. As far as the teachers are concerned, these differences pertained to the magnitude of needs noted while for the professionals, they had to do with the variety of needs identified. This study shows us that needs analysis remains a valid exercise in French for specific purposes and that such an exercise should ideally be centred on the learner.

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This study investigates how Inner Circle and Outer Circle English varieties are perceived by EFL students at two separate schools in Sweden, each with varying levels of linguistic diversity among their student bodies. The language attitude data is collected by way of verbal-guise tests followed by discussion segments. The results suggest that Inner Circle Englishes are broadly viewed more positively than Outer Circle Englishes, in particular where semantic qualities in the status category are concerned. Further, heavily accented Outer Circle speakers were evaluated to have a good sense of humor but low attractiveness by students of both schools. The school with greater linguistic diversity rated the speakers in the study lower across the board, and also rated the RP speaker in particular significantly less favorably than the school with lower linguistic diversity. The students at the more linguistically diverse school further seemed to ascribe a poor sense of humor to the Inner Circle English speakers, which was not the case with the other school which took part of the study. These results affirm that Inner Circle English accents tend to carry with them a greater sense of status than Outer Circle English accents, and further point towards the possibility that linguistic diversity in the classroom may affect how different English varieties are viewed.