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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1101

Dynamic Segmental Kinematics of the Lumbar Spine During Diagnostic Movements

McMullin, Paul 08 December 2023 (has links) (PDF)
While lumbar kinematics can be measured in vivo, most measurements are invasive (such as percutaneous bone pins), provide high doses of radiation (such as biplane fluoroscopy), or are taken with the patient in a static position (such as MRIs). Recent work suggests that lumbar kinematics can be determined by dynamic measurements of epidermal strain in the lower back. This work aims to develop and examine a method of examining lumbar kinematics via optoelectronic motion capture utilizing skin-mounted markers in the lumbar region. Two studies were performed. One study examined lumbar epidermal strain in 28 asymptomatic subjects during diagnostic movements, while the second study used fresh/frozen cadavers to compare segmental lumbar kinematics as measured by both an optoelectronic motion capture system utilizing skin-mounted markers and an electromagnetic motion capture system utilizing sensors mounted to percutaneous bone pins inserted into the spinous processes. In the first study, participants had a grid-like marker set adhered to their lower back. They were instructed to perform 17 diagnostic movements, with data from three trials of each exercise being captured. Data was analyzed in MATLAB to examine segmental lumbar kinematics. Analysis shows trends consistent with expected movement patterns for asymptomatic individuals with measurement values consistent with those found in previous studies. Trends of symmetry in motion for left versus right motions were observed, as well as a trend for the return motion in a movement to be faster than the outgoing motion. In the second study, three fresh/frozen cadavers were outfitted with electromagnetic motion tracking sensors mounted to bone pins which were placed in the spinous processes of L1-S2. Each cadaver also had a similar grid-like marker set of optical motion tracking markers adhered in the lumbar region. The cadavers were moved through 10 of the same diagnostic exercises with data from seven trials from each exercise being captured. Data was analyzed in MATLAB to compare the end range of motion as measured by the optical system to the same measurements by the electromagnetic system. End ROM values showed statistically different measurements for five of the twelve segment measurements compared. Data collected in this work contributes to the establishment of normative dynamic kinematics of the lumbar spine in the asymptomatic population. It also outlines the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology utilized.
1102

Design, Modeling, and Testing of a Force Feedback Haptic Device for Simulated Robot Interaction / Design, modellering, och test av en kraftåterkopplad haptisk pryl för simulerad robot interaktion

Lindström, Patrik January 2023 (has links)
Haptic feedback is a growing phenomenon that incorporates the sense of touch through tactile sensations such as vibrations, electrical signals, air pressure, and sound waves or through force feedback, which employs torques and/or forces to replicate the pressure and weight of a simulated object. Utilizing haptic technology establishes a communication bridge between the user and the technical component, enhancing the user's understanding of the technical component's surroundings. This thesis focuses on designing a force feedback haptic device with an impedance control strategy, enabling the imposition of dynamic behavior during simulated robot interactions. Impedance control is a commonly employed approach in haptic devices, utilizing a mass-spring-damper model to vary stiffness, damping, and inertia levels, thereby simulating realistic forces and torques in master-slave interactions.  Initially, a haptic device resembling the shape of a Delta robot was designed using Solidworks, with size and weight distribution serving as the primary design considerations. Subsequently, the device was further represented using a generic robot description format, incorporating the design's joints and links. This representation was then paired with kinematic connections delineating the robot's motion and dynamic matrices to simulate the robot's movement. Alongside the integration of an impedance control strategy, simulations were conducted to emulate robot interactions. These simulations tested the system under various conditions, including scenarios with and without introduced torque disturbances. Including torque disturbances was intended to enhance the simulation's realism and assess the impact of impedance control parameter choices on the system's behavior. In summary, the research concludes how a closed-chain robot, the Delta robot, can be modeled as a haptic device with an impedance control strategy, offering valuable guidance for future research. / Haptisk återkoppling är ett växande fenomen som integreras i allt fler användningsområden. Genom att återskapa känslan av att röra vid eller interagera med föremål, antingen genom att simulera taktila sensationer som vibrationer, elektriska signaler, lufttryck och ljudvågor eller genom att återge kraftåterkoppling till användaren, kan användarens förståelse för tekniska komponenter och deras omgivning öka. Kraftåterkoppling möjliggör imitation av tryck och vikt hos simulaterade objekt, vilket förbättrar realismen i användarupplevelsen. Detta examensarbete har inriktat sig på att designa en haptisk pryl med kraftåterkoppling och en styrmekanism baserad på impedanskontroll. Genom att implementera impedanskontroll kan dynamiska beteenden inkorporeras i systemet genom varierande styrka, dämpning och tröghet. Dessa impedansparametrar möjliggör realistiska simuleringar av kraft och vridmoment i samband med virtuella robotinteraktioner. Först utformades en haptisk pryl som efterliknar formen av en Delta-robot med hjälp av CAD-programmet Solidworks. Här var storlek och viktfördelning primära överväganden i designprocessen. Därefter representerades enheten genom en generisk robotbeskrivning som inkluderade dess leder och länkar. Denna representation kopplades sedan ihop med kinematiska samband som reglerade enhetens rörelse. Tillsammans med integreringen av impedanskontrollstrategin genomfördes simuleringar som efterliknade robotinteraktioner. Dessa simuleringar omfattade olika scenarier, inklusive de med vridmomentsstörningar och de utan. Syftet med att inkludera vridmomentsstörningar var att öka realismen i simuleringen och utvärdera påverkan av valda parametrar för impedanskontrollen på systemets beteende. Sammanfattningsvis har detta arbete resulterat i utformningen av en haptisk pryl med kraftåterkoppling, som efterliknar en Delta-robot. Prylen har modellerats som en trädstruktur, med kinematiska samband som sammanfogar dess ändnoder. Det här arbetet har bidragit till kunskapen om hur realistiska haptiska interaktioner kan skapas och öppnat möjligheter för framtida forskning och utveckling inom detta område.
1103

[pt] COMPORTAMENTO AO CISALHAMENTO DE VIGAS DE CONCRETO ARMADO COM COLMOS DE BAMBU / [en] SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE BEAMS REINFORCED WITH BAMBOO CULMS

LUISA SOUZA NEVES FRADE DA CRUZ 30 November 2023 (has links)
[pt] Enquanto fonte renovável, amplamente disponível no mundo, de baixo custo e ecologicamente amigável, o bambu tem se mostrado uma alternativa promissora para alcançar um cenário mais sustentável na indústria da construção. Assim, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar o uso do bambu como reforço para estruturas de concreto, com foco no comportamento ao cisalhamento de vigas. Foram usados colmos da espécie Phyllostachys aurea como armadura longitudinal e para reforço transversal diferentes técnicas empregando materiais naturais foram testadas: fibras de sisal discreta, estribo de bambu, cordão de sisal, além de vigas sem reforços. As vigas foram submetidas a ensaio de flexão em três pontos a fim de analisar o comportamento ao cisalhamento. Além disso, técnica de Correlação de Imagem Digital (CID) foi empregada para adquirir a cinemática das fissuras e estimar as contribuições dos mecanismos de cisalhamento. Os resultados dos ensaios apontam um aumento na capacidade de carga das vigas pelo uso de diferentes materiais. Estribos de bambu aumentaram a carga última em 15,85 por cento, cordão de sisal em 12,30 por cento e fibra discreta de sisal em 1,32 por cento, destacando o impacto positivo desses artifícios na capacidade de carga. Esta pesquisa ressalta a possibilidade de substituir materiais não renováveis com alta pegada de carbono em construções de pequeno porte, especialmente em habitações populares. Isso permite promover práticas de construção sustentáveis e seguras, ao mesmo tempo em que fortalece o desenvolvimento rural e preserva recursos globais. / [en] As a renewable resource, highly available across the world, low-cost and eco-friendly material, bamboo has shown to be a promising alternative for achieving a more sustainable scenario in the construction industry. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the use of bamboo as reinforcement for concrete structures, focusing on the shear behavior of beams. Bamboo culms from the specie Phyllostachys aurea are used as longitudinal reinforcement while for shear reinforcement different techniques employing local materials are tested: discrete sisal fibers, bamboo stirrups, sisal yarn, and no shear reinforcement. The beams were subjected to three-point bending tests in order to analyze the shear behavior. Moreover, the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was employed to acquire the crack kinematics and the contributions of shear mechanisms were estimated. The test results demonstrated improvements in the load-carrying capacity of the beams through the utilization of different materials. Bamboo stirrups increased the ultimate load by 15.85 percent, sisal yarn by 12.30 percent, and discrete sisal fibers by 1.32 percent, highlighting their positive impact on load-bearing capacity. This research underscores the possibility of replacing non-renewable carbon intensive materials such as steel with bamboo in low-rise buildings, particularly for social housing. Thereby it allows to promote sustainable and safe construction practices while empowering rural development and conserving global resources.
1104

Hur relaterar psykologiska faktorer till avlastning för knäleden under hopptester med och utan multitasking för idrottare med främre korsbandsskada? : En deskriptiv laborativ studie

Eriksson, Sara, Tessem, Sara January 2024 (has links)
Studiedesign: Deskriptiv laborativ studie Introduktion: En främre korsbandsskada är en vanlig men allvarlig skada inom idrotten. Trots en läkt skada kan individen uppvisa förändringar i form av fysiska faktorer såsom förändrat rörelsemönster, eller psykologiska faktorer såsom ökad rädsla för återskada. Personer som drabbats av en främre korsbandskada har setts uppvisa en asymmetri mellan det skadade och det friska benet genom en ökad avlastning i det skadade benet. Den traditionella rehabilitering avser en individ som återställd när denne klarar en uppsättning standardiserade fysiska tester för knät. Studier har dock visat på att även psykologiska faktorer har en betydande roll vid förändrat rörelsemönster och återgång till sport. Syfte: Undersöka psykologiska faktorers relation till avlastning i knäleden under idrottslika hopptest med och utan sekundära kognitiva uppgifter för personer med en främre korsbandsskada. Ett sekundärt syfte var att undersöka skillnader i avlastning mellan de två hopptesterna. Metod: Tio kvinnliga idrottsaktiva idrottare som tidigare opererats för en främre korsbandsskada utförde drop-jump test med och utan sekundära kognitiva uppgifter. Avlastning i knäleden mättes genom asymmetri i maximalt knäflexionsmoment under de första 100 ms av landningen mellan respektive ben. Testerna utfördes i ett rörelseanalyslaboratorium där åtta rörelsekameror och två kraftplattor användes. Enkäten Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) användes för att kartlägga psykologiska faktorer såsom känslor, förtroende och riskbedömning. Pearson’s korrelationskoeficcient användes för att analysera samband mellan ACL-RSI och asymmetri i knäflexionsmoment och presenterades i spridningsdiagram. Parat T-test tillämpades vid jämförelse av avlastning i knäleden mellan de båda hopptesterna. Resultat: Inga signifikanta samband påvisades mellan asymmetri i knäflexionsmoment och ACL-RSI varken i hopptest utan eller i hopptest med tillägg av kognitiv uppgift (Pearson’s R=-0.210-0.502, p=0.168-0.652). Inga tydliga skillnader observerades i knäflexionsmoment mellan benen vid hopptest utan kognitiv uppgift (p=0.103). Däremot visades ett lägre knäflexionsmoment i skadat ben relativt oskadat ben vid hopptest med tillägg av kognitiv uppgift (p=0.024). Inga tydliga skillnader observerades i asymmetri i knäflexionsmoment mellan hopp utan o ch hopp med tillägg av kognitiv uppgift (p=0.176). Konklusion: Studiens resultat indikerar på ett minskat knäflexionsmoment i det skadade benet jämfört med det oskadade. Detta gäller främst i hopptestet med sekundära kognitiva uppgifter. Ingen slutsats om psykologiska faktorers påverkan på avlastning i knäleden kan dras på grund av låg signifikans. Den låga deltagarantalet gör att detta arbete kan ses som en pilotstudie, varpå den kan bidra till hypotesgenerering vid framtida forskning. Framtida studier bör även inkludera ett större antal deltagare samt även de individer som ej återgått till sport.
1105

Application of soft robotic sensors to predict foot and ankle kinematic measurements

Saucier, David 01 May 2020 (has links)
The ankle joint complex is a common source of injury for various demographics and is often observed during gait analysis. I investigate using soft robotic sensors as a means for collecting kinematic data at the ankle joint complex. I validate the linearity of these sensors by measuring stretch against extension and against stretch from frontal and sagittal planar foot movements using a wooden ankle mockup. I then conduct a study involving ten participants who perform repetitive trials of four foot movements (plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion and eversion) using ten different locations. Four optimal locations were identified for these movements based on linearity, accuracy, robustness, and consistency. Lastly, I validated soft robotic sensors against the human gait cycle. Twenty participants were recruited and performed twelve trials, walking across a flat surface and a cross-sloped surface while motion capture data and soft robotic sensor data was collected.
1106

An Investigation of Simulated Core Muscle Activation during Running and its Effect on Knee Loading and Lower Extremity Muscle Activation Using OpenSim

Creps, Justin Michael 08 September 2014 (has links)
No description available.
1107

Developing a Passive Range of Motion Knee Simulation to Study the Effect of Total Knee Arthroplasty Component Alignment and Knee Laxity on Passive Kinematics

Woodling, Katelyn Elizabeth January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
1108

Comparison of Jump Landings in Figure Skaters While Barefoot and Wearing Skates

Griswold, Emily K. 13 June 2017 (has links)
No description available.
1109

Mathematical Modeling of Cable Sag, Kinematics, Statics, and Optimization of a Cable Robot

Sridhar, Dheerendra M. January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
1110

Complete Path Planning of Higher DOF Manipulators in Human Like Environments

Ananthanarayanan, Hariharan Sankara January 2015 (has links)
No description available.

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