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11	Variabeltryck med inkjet i dagspress : Möjligheten att införa anpassade upplagor / Variable print with inkjet in newspapers : The possibility of introducing customized editions Erikson, Pernilla January 2012 (has links) På uppdrag av Tidningsutgivarna har en studie utförts angående olika möjligheter att införa tryck av variabeldata med tryckmetoden inkjet i svensk dagspress. Målet var att undersöka tekniska möjligheter och begränsningar samt att utreda om det fanns något intresse på marknaden som skulle kunna ge någon avkastning. Studien utfördes med hjälp av noggranna källstudier och ett fortlöpande samarbete med olika företag med intresse för dagspress. Rapporten beskriver också företag som arbetar med den här typen av innovationer idag och diverse tidigare projekt med variabeltryckta tidningar. Nya teknologier som eventuellt kan vara av intresse för framtida utveckling har också beskrivits och hur tidningens framtid kommer att se ut ur ett kortare och ett längre perspektiv. Studien visar att inkjetpressar inte klarar av den hastighet som de moderna tidningspressarna håller idag. Men i takt med minskade upplagor och utvecklad teknologi, samt ett stort marknadsmässigt intresse så tyder det på att det kommer att finnas möjlighet att tillverka anpassade digitaltryckta tidningsupplagor inom en överskådlig framtid. Inkjet kan fungera som ett bra komplement till offset. Inlinepressar ger möjligheten att införa variabeltryck i stora tidningsupplagor medan separata inkjetpressar passar bra för tryck av mindre lokala upplagor. / By an assignment from the Swedish Media Publishers’ Association a study has been carried out about various opportunities to introduce printing of variable data with inkjet in Swedish newspapers. The aim was to investigate the technical possibilities and limitations, and if there was any interest in the market that would give any return of investment. The study was conducted by accurate studying of sources and a continuous cooperation with different companies with interest in the newspapers. The study shows that inkjet presses can’t handle the speed of the modern newspaper presses yet today. But it could work as a good complement to offset printing and the technique will continue to develop. It will be launched more printing presses with hybrid solutions in the near future.
12	A Comparison of five radiographic systems to D-speed film in the detection of artificial bone lesions Hadley, David Lloyd 01 January 2008 (has links) The purpose of this study was to compare three direct digital sensors (Kodak 6100, Schick CDR, and Dexis PerfectSize), a phosphor plate system (OpTime), and F-speed film to standard D-speed film in the detection of artificial bone lesions prepared in mandible bone sections. Multiple artificial bone lesions were prepared at varying depths in the cortical bone. Specimens were imaged with six different radiographic systems. Radiographs were randomly presented to nine different observers. A logistic regression analysis indicated that the ability of the different radiographic systems to detect the bone lesions was significantly different at the mean percentage of cortical bone remaining. The Kodak filtered, Schick filtered, OpTime unfiltered, Schick unfiltered, and Dexis filtered images were significantly better at lesion detection compared to D-speed film. Also, all filtered digital images were significantly better at lesion detection than D-speed film. comparison radiographic systems D-speed film intraoral detection artificial simulated bone lesions cortical filtered unfiltered dexis schick kodak optime Dentistry Endodontics and Endodontology Medicine and Health Sciences
13	Utvärdering av kvalité och dess behov inom förprovtryck Bergander, Henrik January 2003 (has links) It always has been a need for the abiltiy to create color proofs. When an error occurs late in the production process, itis allways complicated and difficult to correct the error. In this project, digital proofs been made and discussions havebeen held with several people in the printing industry, in order to examine how well excisting digital proofs, meet thedemand of the market. And how close the digital proofs can come to the actual printsheat from the press. The study hasbeen shown that the one thing that has had the most influence on the outcome for the quality of a digital proof, is theprintshop operator’s knowledge about color management and proofing systems. Many advertising agencies in the graphicindustry think rasterised proofs are not necessesary and expensive. Therefor they prefer a cheaper alternative, whichdoesn’t show colors as well as the rasterised proof, but well enough to be content with it. There are a good awarenessconcerning lack of communication between printshop, reproduction and advertising agency. Advertising agencies thinkthat printshop rarely listen to what they have to say, while the printshop think that the advertising agency doesn’t understandwhat they are trying to tell them. The outcome of the printed proofs in this study can’t be representive for howgood digital proofs are conducted in regular basis in the industry. The divergence between the print press sheat and thedigital proof that was made was bigger than expected. This shows that implementation of ICC profiles in a color managementflow, not alone is the answer to making perfect digital proofs. There are so many other issues that has to be examined,like color management software, measure tools and correct color management module. In order to make a perfectproof, you have to look at the whole picture. In the end, the human eye finally has the last word on wheather theproof is good or not.
14	Made for America: Japanese Consumer Exports and the Postwar U.S.-Japanese Relationship Chou, William January 2021 (has links) No description available. American Studies Asian Studies Automotive Materials Business Administration Economic History History Industrial Engineering International Relations Pacific Rim Studies Japan United States Transnational Cameras Automobiles Trade Security Cold War, Technology Culture Consumers Diplomacy Postwar Business Nikon Canon Toyota Nissan Honda Kodak MITI Asia Photography
15	多國企業區域化型態之調整與組織改變 / Multinational Company's Organizational Change in the Process of Regionalization 李穎貞, Lee, Ying-Chen Unknown Date (has links) 許多多國企業之研究將多國企業之組織架構區分為幾種類型。例如Bartlett & Ghoshal提出全球企業(global companies)、多國企業(multinational companies)、國際企業(international companies)與跨國企業(transnational companies)。國內亦有研究（翁良杰，2004 )將多國企業於亞太區域之策略類型分為四種：區域中心型、跨國中心型、全球中心型、地區中心型以呼應Bartlett & Ghoshal之四種類型。然而多國企業的組織架構並非能以四種架構簡單地區分之，原因在於從功能構面來看，某功能的資源與知能可能在母國總部整合，但另一功能的資源與知能卻在區域作整合。某些流程在區域不銜接反而在以國家為單位的子公司銜接，但有些流程卻在區域作銜接。因此研究多國企業時無法簡單區分該企業採用的是產品別、地區別還是功能別組織，亦無法直接將組織架構分成區域中心型或是跨國中心型。本研究透過個案訪談瞭解多國企業在亞太區域及大中華區的整合策略、策略意涵與環境前提，探討台灣子公司於整合架構下的角色與地位、從事之價值活動的消長。研究架構應用司徒達賢（2005）提出之六大管理元素及主軸、輔軸之組織架構分析。利用主軸與輔軸之觀念，描述其六大管理元素的變化，可以解釋雖然各個多國企業都採用產品別與地區別的混合式組織架構，但是仍有組織架構內細部狀況與區域策略的差異。個案公司為金百利克拉克公司、惠普公司、柯達公司及雀巢公司。透過訪談四家公司之高階經理人得到以下結論：金百利克拉克公司以各區域為協調單位，各國子公司負責行銷、銷售、生產；研發統一至全球總部。因此其生產活動以「地區」為主軸，由各國負責生產活動；以功能為「輔軸」各國生產單位間相互學習技術，進行經驗分享。研發活動以「功能」為主軸，由全球研發單位統籌基礎技術之發展；以「地區」為輔軸，各地區研發單位將總部研發之科技加以應用於各產品中。銷售以「地區」為主軸，各國擁有銷售團隊服務當地客戶，並直接向各國總經理報告；以「功能」為輔軸，由各地區區域總部銷售單位給予指導，同時亦向區域總部報告各國業績機系。行銷以「地區」為主軸，由各國自行訂定行銷策略。而各產品由不同的行銷團隊負責，由全球總部指導各產品的品牌團隊，負責各子公司某產品品牌之建立，因此以「產品」為輔軸。財務以「功能」為主軸，全球總部透過區域到各國的財務體系管轄整體財務狀況；以「地區」為輔軸，各國財務長向總經理報告。惠普公司之各國子公司獨立運作，為銷售單位。生產、研發以全球為規模進行協調。因此其生產活動以「功能」為主軸；研發以「功能」為主軸；銷售活動，企業系統及科技服務事業群以「功能」為主軸，將兩事業群銷售團隊整合為一；以「地區」為輔軸，由各地區企業系統事業群總經理整合兩銷售團隊，整合後銷售團隊向地區企業系統事業群總經理報告；另外，「產品」為另一輔軸，負責產品知識與能力的支援。各產品線相互支援，例如企業系統與科技服務事業群，以協助業務發展。個人系統及影像暨列印事業群則以「產品」為主軸，各自有銷售團隊；以「地區」為輔軸，銷售團隊報告給各地區事業群總經理。柯達公司以區域為發展重心，如亞太區及大中華區協調行銷、財務等；生產及研發則以全球規模作協調。因此其生產活動以「功能」為主軸，以全球為基礎尋找最適的生產基地，再將產品出口至各國銷售據點。研發以「功能」為主軸，由全球總部負責研發活動。銷售以「地區」為主軸，各子公司業務團隊向子公司總經理報告後，總經理再向區域總部報告；以「功能」為輔軸，統一不同產品線的業務人員由精簡的業務人員同時負責不同產品線。行銷以「地區」為主軸，以地區為單位，進行行銷活動前半部包括創意、測試等工作以降低成本；以「功能」為輔軸，區域完成前半部工作後再交由各國行銷部門負責行銷活動後半部，如在地化修改等工作。雀巢公司以區域為發展重心，如亞太區及大中華區協調行銷、財務等；生產及研發則以全球規模作協調。因此其生產活動以「功能」為主軸，以全球為基礎尋找最適的生產基地，再將產品出口至各國銷售據點。研發以「功能」為主軸，由全球總部負責研發活動。銷售以「地區」為主軸，各子公司業務團隊向總經理報告。行銷以「地區」為主軸、「功能」為輔軸，與柯達公司之組織架構有相同情形。除上述組織架構外，本研究發現以下區域化策略趨勢及特性： 1.區域整合趨勢：亞太區域內新興市場為中心再劃分初次區域。 2.多國企業市場開拓者角色之轉變：從過去以國家重心變成由區域來執行。 3.權力重心之轉移：從過去的分權（母公司對區域總部分權）再演變為集權（次區域總部對區域內各國集權，由次區域總部統籌各國決策） 4.增設新的區域成為多國企業發展新興市場的組織架構方式。 5.子公司獨特能力影響其在區域內重要性。 6.台灣子公司在區域化趨勢下往往自主權降低，唯有擁有獨特資源或能力時，區域發展重心才不會從台灣轉移至其他國家。 7.外商在區域化趨勢下因地制宜程度降低使得本土公司在本地需求與區域需求差異大的前提下有機會侵蝕外商的市占率。多國企業組織架構區域化區域總部子公司角色伊士曼柯達六大管理元素主軸輔軸金百利克拉克雀巢惠普科技 Regionalization Regional head quarter Multinational subsidiary's role Kimberly-Clark Eastman Kodak Hewlett & Packard Nestle

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