Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo investigar arranjos de trabalho e disputas por liberdade encerradas em contratos de locação de serviços registrados entre os anos de 1830 e 1888 no Primeiro Cartório de Notas da Capital, em São Paulo, e no Primeiro Tabelionato de Notas de Campinas. Estes contratos inserem-se na lógica das alforrias compensatórias produzidas ao longo do século XIX, tendo proporcionando a continuidade do domínio escravista e da exploração do trabalho dos egressos da escravidão no pós-emancipação. Dessa forma, demarcaram a entrada precária dos egressos da escravidão no mundo da liberdade. A documentação analisada inclui ainda registros de disputas judiciais associadas a contratos de locação de serviços que demonstram as negociações e conflitos vividos na prática social entre a camada senhorial e os trabalhadores dispostos a realizar seus projetos de liberdade. / This essay aims to investigate work arrangements and disputes over freedom encompassed in service renting contracts registered between years 1830 and 1888 in the First Notary Office in the cities of São Paulo and Campinas. These contracts are comprehended in the logics of compensatory manumission produced throughout the 19th century. They provided the continuation of slave domain and the exploitation of workers that came out of slavery in the aftermath of emancipation. Thus, these contracts established precarious conditions for the entrance of former slaves in the domains of freedom. The sources analyzed also include registers of judicial disputes related to service renting contracts that unravel the negotiations and conflicts carried out in social practice by members of the manorial layer and workers determined to fulfill their freedom projects.

Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo investigar arranjos de trabalho e disputas por liberdade encerradas em contratos de locação de serviços registrados entre os anos de 1830 e 1888 no Primeiro Cartório de Notas da Capital, em São Paulo, e no Primeiro Tabelionato de Notas de Campinas. Estes contratos inserem-se na lógica das alforrias compensatórias produzidas ao longo do século XIX, tendo proporcionando a continuidade do domínio escravista e da exploração do trabalho dos egressos da escravidão no pós-emancipação. Dessa forma, demarcaram a entrada precária dos egressos da escravidão no mundo da liberdade. A documentação analisada inclui ainda registros de disputas judiciais associadas a contratos de locação de serviços que demonstram as negociações e conflitos vividos na prática social entre a camada senhorial e os trabalhadores dispostos a realizar seus projetos de liberdade. / This essay aims to investigate work arrangements and disputes over freedom encompassed in service renting contracts registered between years 1830 and 1888 in the First Notary Office in the cities of São Paulo and Campinas. These contracts are comprehended in the logics of compensatory manumission produced throughout the 19th century. They provided the continuation of slave domain and the exploitation of workers that came out of slavery in the aftermath of emancipation. Thus, these contracts established precarious conditions for the entrance of former slaves in the domains of freedom. The sources analyzed also include registers of judicial disputes related to service renting contracts that unravel the negotiations and conflicts carried out in social practice by members of the manorial layer and workers determined to fulfill their freedom projects.

For decades, scholars have debated the significance of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), emphasizing its political, economic, and artistic impact. This historiography is dominated by the accomplishments of white men. In an effort to highlight the long-neglected legions of black women who contributed to WPA projects and navigated the agency’s discriminatory practices, this paper will examine WPA operations in New Orleans where unemployment was the highest in the urban south, black women completed numerous large-scale projects, and white supremacist notions guided relief protocol. By analyzing the New Orleans WPA Photography collection, along with newspapers, government documents, and oral histories, a new perspective of the WPA emerges to illuminate the experiences of marginalized black women workers, illustrate how the legacies of slavery and effects of segregation impact black women’s employment opportunities, and highlight how black women made substantive contributions to public projects in the face of societal constraints.

Historians originally claimed that the 1871 Paris Commune was inspired by Karl Marx. Since the 1960s, however, this assertion has been rejected by scholars who either claim that Marx had no influence over the Paris Communards or do not address the possibility that this influence existed. Many scholars have also claimed that the Commune was not political in any way, but was a rebellion inspired by patriotism, bitterness for the Versailles government’s capitulation of Paris to Prussia, or a spontaneous reaction to hostility from the national army’s attempt to disarm the indignant, rapidly organizing Parisian workers who called for municipal authority under their own socialist government. This thesis analyzes the official publications of the governing body of the Paris Commune and argues that these sources demonstrate that this movement was political in nature, and that Marxist ideology helped to shape the political minds of the revolutionary working class in Paris.

Orientador: Teresa Maria Malatian / Banca: Marisa Saenz Leme / Banca: Fernando Teixeira da Silva / Resumo: A cidade de Franca tem na indústria calçadista sua principal atividade econômica, sendo um dos maiores centros produtores de calçados do país. A partir da década de 1950 ocorreu a intensificação do processo de industrialização do setor, com a implantação de modernas técnicas de produção, voltadas para o aumento da produtividade. Essas transformações acarretaram um significativo crescimento populacional, destacando-se a migração de mineiros, em grande parte ex-trabalhadores rurais. O parque industrial é marcado pela heterogeneidade, englobando grandes indústrias com mais de mil trabalhadores, até pequenas oficinas de conserto. Estudos recentes buscaram analisar as experiências dos trabalhadores do setor no cotidiano de trabalho e extrafábrica. Abriram novas perspectivas de análise, dentro das quais se insere o presente trabalho. Ao longo do processo de formação e consolidação da indústria calçadista no município as mulheres ocuparam posição de destaque, compondo cerca de 40% da força de trabalho empregada nesse setor produtivo. Contudo, verificou-se que a história da classe operária do município havia sido escrita sobretudo no masculino, desconsiderando-se as experiências das trabalhadoras do calçado. Assim, tivemos como principais objetivos analisar o processo de formação das mulheres enquanto operárias, as relações de trabalho e as expressões de ação política de um conjunto de sapateiras que fizeram parte do processo de industrialização entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980. Trabalhou-se com um corpus documental composto por fontes orais, documentos sindicais e outras fontes impressas. Foi possível constatar que as trabalhadoras vivenciaram um processo de sociabilização caracterizado pela divisão sexual do trabalho e subordinação aos homens desde os anos iniciais de suas vidas, características persistentes...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The city of Franca - Brazil has in the shoemaker industry its main economic activity, being one of the biggest producing centers of footwear of the country. From the decade of 1950 the intensification of the process of industrialization of the sector occurred with the modern implantation production techniques, guided toward the increase of the productivity. These transformations had caused a significant population growth, putting in relief the migration of "mineiros", mostly agricultural former-workers. The industrial park is marked by the heterogeneity, agglomerating great industries with more than a thousand workers, even small repair shops. Recent studies had searched to analyse the experiences of the workers of the sector in the daily of work and the extra-factory. They had opened new perspectives of analysis, inside of which it inserts the present work. Along of the process of formation and the consolidation of the shoemaker industry in the city the women had occupied distinction position, composing about 40% of the force of work used in this productive sector. However, it occurs that the history of the working class of the city had been written principally in the masculine, it ignoring the experiences of the workers-women of the footwear. Thus, we had as main objectives to analyse the process of formation of the women being workers, the relations of work and the expressions of politic actions of a set of women-shoemaker that had been party of the proceeding of industrialization between the decades of 1950 and 1980. We worked with a corpus documental composed for verbal sources, trade union documents and other sources printed. It was possible to verify that the workers had lived deeply a process of socialization characterized for the sexual division of the work and subordination to the men since the initial years of its lives, persistent characteristics in its experiences as workers...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Ricardo Luis Coltro Antunes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / O exemplar do AEL pertence a Coleção CPDS / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T02:30:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Duraes_BrunoJoseRodrigues_M.pdf: 705344 bytes, checksum: dc3185a640ee253ef90189d7c239f2e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo central evidenciar e problematizar as condições precárias de trabalho dos trabalhadores de rua da cidade de Salvador em dois contextos díspares, um do final do século XIX (no contexto da abolição da escravidão) e o outro da atualidade (século XXI), evidenciando importantes elementos de similitudes, bem como, de incongruências. O problema que norteia a investigação proposta divide-se em dois. Pelo lado do século XIX ensejou-se responder a seguinte indagação: As formas de trabalho de rua de Salvador do final do século XIX representaram uma forma de trabalho avançada em relação a forma de trabalho predominante à época, a escrava? Por outro lado, referente às formas de trabalho de rua da atualidade, indagou-se: Serão estas formas de trabalho de rua atuais atrasadas em relação às formas de trabalho assalariado/formal da moderna produção capitalista, representando assim um retrocesso?Para responder a estas questões nos valemos do recurso da historiografia para o século XIX, compondo o cenário de vida e de trabalho das ruas da cidade de Salvador de finais deste século, utilizando de documentos e recortes de jornais históricos. Outrossim, para a atualidade usamos de uma pesquisa qualitativa com 191 trabalhadores de rua espalhados em diversos pontos da cidade de Salvador, e também de notícias em jornais. Estas bases permitiram compor duas paisagens de uma mesma cidade, em situações diferenciadas, mas que retratam formas similares de trabalho, principalmente, por estarem todas localizadas nas ruas da capital baiana. No século XIX os/as trabalhadores/as de rua eram denominadas de ganhadores/ganhadeiras e se encontravam ordenados/as em cantos delimitados na cidade. Hoje, são conhecidos/as como camelôs, vendedores/as ambulantes, informais e estão situados em todos os cantos da cidade, ainda com regulamentações, perseguições e ordenações, e uma máxima vem a tona, a saber, a busca frenética e incansável pela sobrevivência / Abstract: This present study has the main objective of evidence and discuss the precarious labour conditions of street workers on the city of Salvador in two different contexts, one is the end of the XIXth century (in the context of slavery abolition) and other is the present time (XXIth century), evidencing important elements of similarities, as well as, the incongruence. The problem that guides this inquiry is divided in two pieces. On the XIXth century, it was tried to answer the following investigation: the forms of street labour on Salvador's streets at the end of XIXth century had represented an advanced form of labour in comparison with the predominant form of labour at that time, the slave labour? On the other hand, referring to the forms of street labour at the present time, it was inquired: Have these current forms of street labour been less developed in comparison with the forms of formal wage-earning labour on the modern capitalist production, therefore, it represents a retrocession? To answer these questions, it was necessary the use of XIXth century historiography, to compose the scene of everyday life and work on the streets of Salvador at the end of this century, using documents and clippings of historical periodicals. So, on present time, we use a qualitative research with 191 street workers in diverse locations around the city of Salvador, and also clippings of actual periodicals. These bases had allowed composing two pictures of the same city, in differentiated situations, portraying similar forms of labour, all of it located on Salvador¿s streets. In XIXth century, the street workers were called of earners and they were found in delimited corners around the city. Today, they are knowed as ambulants, informal peddlers and sellers, and they are situated in all the corners around the city, still constrained by regulations, persecutions and ordinances, and a principle comes up: the frantic and untiring struggle for survival / Mestrado / Mestre em Sociologia

During the period of the late 1920s through the late 1940s, a most remarkable event in the history of American social work emerged: the development of a vital radical trade union organizing effort known as the ''rank and file movement." Born within the growing economic crisis of the 1920s and maturing in the national economic collapse and social upheaval heralded by the Great Depression, the rank and file movement would attract the support and membership of thousands of professional social workers and uncredentialed relief workers in efforts to organize social service workers along the lines of industrial unionism. Within its relatively short life span, the rank and file movement would grow in sufficient number and influence to challenge both the prevailing definitions of social work as a profession - its form and identity and the essence of its function - its practice. It is the thesis of this study that an understanding of the rank and file movement is central to a modem understanding of our profession. The origin, development and demise of the rank and file movement reflects more than the historical curiosity of a momentary tendency in the evolution of a profession; rather, it reveals the enduring legacy of individuals, organizations and collective intellectual discourse in common struggle for the possibilities of a more just and democratic social order. And, perhaps unlike any other profession, the domain of social work is historically one uniquely born of this struggle, encompassing the self-imposed imperatives and paradoxes of morality, socially purposive service and scientific rationality. Consequently, this study seeks to inform the terms of this enduring legacy within the dynamic world of social work. It does so by: 1) locating the history of the rank and file movement within the context of an evolving profession; 2) analyzing this specific history of a profession within the context of broader social and political forces that defined both the limits and potentials of that evolution; and 3) assessing the implications of this history for social work in terms of its past, present and future.

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So badly wounded that he had to be propped up in a chair to face the firing squad, James Connolly was executed by the British on May 10, 1916 in Dublin's infamous Kilmainham Jail. He had been one of the leaders of the abortive Easter 'Rising against English control of Ireland. This event in itself was sufficient to guarantee him a significant place in Irish history but Connolly had achieved prominence in other activities as well. Besides being a revolutionary nationalist he had been a Marxist and a labor leader, had founded the Irish Socialist Republican Party and had played a major role in the general strike in Dublin from August, 1913 through March, 1914. Altogether, it is not surprising that all the biographies of Connolly have concentrated on his role in Irish history and that little if any attention has been given to his significance in the history of American radicalism.

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