Since the system of industrial agriculture first emerged in mid-nineteenth century California, farm workers have been among the lowest-paid and ill treated workers in America’s labor force. Racism, nativism, and the entrenched political power of large-scale growers have combined to ensure that the predominantly non-white, largely foreign-born farm labor force has had little voice in the workplace. The United Farm Worker movement of the 1960s and the 1970s was the largest and most successful effort to alter the dynamics of farm worker power in the United States, giving farm workers greater autonomy in the workplace and resulting in concrete gains in terms of wages and working conditions. The UFW’s efforts culminated in the 1975 passage of California’s Agricultural Labor Relations Act (ALRA), the nation’s first ever law to guarantee farm workers the right to collectively bargain and form unions. But with the passage of the ALRA, the dynamics of power in farm labor relations changed once again; the future of the union would depend upon its ability to adapt to these new realities.

The unity of Western Europe has not yet approached the political, economic and religious entity realized under the Roman Empire. Nor is it likely to duplicate such a centralized and authoritative basis of organization. It is the purpose of this paper to explore European economic association on the basis of co-operation rather than dominance. For this purpose historical cornerstones of economic co-operation and commercial endeavor will be discussed. ... Among them the individuals and groups who pursued trade not only revived the collapsed commerce known to the Roman world, but provided the framework for modern commercial and financial activity and cooperation. Their motives were, no doubt, selfish, since basic human self-interest is a commanding force. The results, however, were liberating, both socially and politically, as well as economically. Thus the Medieval commercial heritage is enjoyed not only in the lands of North and West Europe, but in the Western Hemisphere as well today. It seems singularly important in explaining political as well as economic developments of the twentieth century.

This work mainly focuses on putting the laborers of the Richmond Armory and the Tredegar Iron Works into the context of Civil War Richmond by focusing on their skills, backgrounds, and loyalties throughout the conflict. It highlights the similarities and differences between the two institutions and the legacies that they left behind in the years following the war. It also sheds light on some of the problems facing the Confederacy during the course of the war and its struggle to procure arms.

The Miracle of Carville, as the late 1930’s and 1940’s have been called, is considered the pivotal point for those isolated with leprosy at the National Leprosarium in Carville, Louisiana. Scholars, researchers and folklorists alike have grappled with these decades as providing the environment in which patient reform was cultivated and eventually sown without a serious consideration of the labor and advocacy of the Sisters missioned there. Understanding the multiple roles of the Sisters at the Louisiana Leper Home, those of home makers, care takers and patient advocates, provides the foundation for the patient reforms won during the Miracle of Carville.

Pretende-se analisar a publicação de impressos de grupos anarquistas no período inicial do movimento operário de Buenos Aires. Durante a formação das primeiras organizações operárias na cidade, a atividade editorial teve um papel central para estes grupos, cumprindo a função de propaganda e também de organização. Buscaremos estudar a esfera da edição, pesquisando quais assuntos e autores eram publicados, quais suportes eram adotados e quem eram os indivíduos que estavam à frente do trabalho de edição e da comercialização dos impressos, investigando quais eram os circuitos de venda e distribuição dos mesmos. Acreditamos que estas questões podem contribuir para a compreensão das estratégias adotadas por estes grupos para a propaganda de suas ideias, bem como a importância da atividade editorial para aglutinar militantes. Dessa forma, podemos entender o processo de desenvolvimento do anarquismo no movimento operário em Buenos Aires, problematizando a relação entre edição e política. / The objective is analyzing the publication of printed materials of anarchist groups in the initial period of the worker\'s movement in Buenos Aires. During the creation of the first worker\'s organizations in the city, the publishing activity had a major role for these groups, with the functions of propaganda and organization. We will study the editing field through a research on the subjects and the authors that were published, and also on the adopted media and on the people who were on the head of the editing work, trying to find out which were the selling and distribution networks. We believe that these matters can help us to understand the strategies chosen by these groups for promoting their ideas and the importance of the editing activity to get activists together. Thus, we can comprehend the development process of anarchism in the worker\'s movement in Buenos Aires by the relations between politics and publishing.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:18:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Nogueira Avelino.pdf: 1990208 bytes, checksum: 1711eb605a443649bd7823f4a76c1ba6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Commercial Association of Amazonas (CAA) it was created in 1871, in one moment in that the patronage needed to place more pressure so much on the local State as well as on the concessionary companies of the public services. The objective was to assure economical advantages that guaranteed protection and to help against the foreign competition to improve the transport and to reduce the costs of the export of the eraser to the avid consuming markets of Europe. ACA was constituted like this as it legitimates representative of the interests of the patronage Amazonians before the society, producing a speech for your Magazine that sought to soften internal divergences and to organize strategies to assure the economical power and the political prestige of your members. Around the commercial institution the patronage, composed basically for the proprietors of the houses of trade, syringes owners and aviators, he knew how to elaborate an ideological project based on the uncertainties of the economy of the eraser at the beginning of the century XX and in the productive deficiency of the extrativismo of the eraser that guaranteed, above all, the largest control on the manpower adjusting her/ it to an organization model and efficiency based on the European models of production and I trade; that he/she had in the Portuguese element the ideal hard-working type, considered cheaper and orderly for the bourgeois pretensions. Seen by most of the authorities and of the bosses as an inferior class, the workers of the city of Manaus and mainly of the syringes of the interior they would be, according to the speeches of the Magazine of ACA (1908-1919), predisposed the vadiagem and to the mundane addictions for your rude and primitive nature, associated to the stigma of the indolence and of the incapacity of they manage your own lives. Therefore, it would be necessary that the patronage to act with the maximum of will and repression on the movements strikers and any other type of protest social expert as frolic act that disturbed your economical and political ambitions, even if such manifestations root justified for the poverty situation and hunger why still passed most of the workers in Belle Époque s called period / A Associação Comercial do Amazonas (ACA) foi criada em 1871, num momento em que o patronato precisava pressionar o Estado local e as empresas concessionárias dos serviços públicos para assegurar vantagens econômicas que garantissem proteção e ajudar contra a concorrência estrangeira e para melhorar o transporte e baratear os custos da exportação da borracha para os ávidos mercados consumidores da Europa. Assim a ACA constituía-se como legitima representante dos interesses do patronato amazonense perante a sociedade, produzindo um discurso pela sua Revista que visava amenizar divergências internas e organizar estratégias que assegurassem o poder econômico e o prestígio político de seus membros. Em torno da instituição comercial o patronato, composto basicamente pelos proprietários das casas de comercio, donos de seringais e aviadores, soube elaborar um projeto ideológico baseado nas incertezas da economia da borracha no começo do século XX e na deficiência produtiva do extrativismo da borracha que garantisse, acima de tudo, o maior controle sobre a força de trabalho ajustando-a a um modelo de organização e eficiência baseado nos modelos europeus de produção e comercio; que tinha no elemento português o tipo trabalhador ideal, considerado mais barato e ordeiro para as pretensões burguesas. Vistos pela maioria das autoridades e dos patrões como uma classe inferior, os trabalhadores da cidade de Manaus e principalmente dos seringais do interior estariam, conforme os discursos da Revista da ACA (1908-1919), predispostos a vadiagem e aos vícios mundanos pela sua natureza rude e primitiva, associada ao estigma da indolência e da incapacidade de gerirem suas próprias vidas. Logo, seria necessário que o patronato agir-se com o máximo de arbítrio e repressão sobre os movimentos grevistas e qualquer outro tipo de protesto social entendido como ato de baderna que atrapalhava suas ambições econômicas e políticas, mesmo que tais manifestações fossem justificadas pela situação de miséria e fome por que passava a maioria dos trabalhadores ainda no período chamado de Belle Époque

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:18:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Frederico Alexandre de Oliveira Lima.pdf: 1662576 bytes, checksum: 1b8d94af48801d3970da4b2e027f595c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-19 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / In this study, we sought to achieve, without claiming to be exhaustive, the personal experiences of workers for a segment called the Rubber Soldiers, who during the Second World War, had rallied in the wake of the agreements signed between the Brazilian Government and the U.S., aiming to increase the production of rubber, at the time the maintenance of essential military operations implemented in that context. Bring to light their perceptions and understandings about who lived and who live either on their displacements to Amazon in your life the plantation or in their urban experiences when establishing residence in Amazonian cities, associated with their struggles for recognition as subjects of a battle still unfinished. / Neste trabalho, buscou-se a alcançar, sem a pretensão de esgotar o tema, as experiências pessoais vividas por um segmento de trabalhadores chamados Soldados da Borracha, que no período da Segunda Guerra Mundial foram arregimentados no bojo dos acordos firmados entre o Governo Brasileiro e Norte- Americano, objetivando a majoração da produção de borracha, naquele momento essencial a manutenção das operações militares implementadas naquele contexto. Foi nossa intenção trazer a lume suas percepções e compreensões acerca do que viveram e do que vivem, seja nos seus deslocamentos para Amazônia, na sua vida no seringal, em suas experiências urbanas quando do estabelecimento de residência nas cidades amazônicas , seja ainda de suas lutas por reconhecimento como sujeitos de uma batalha não terminada.

Women in antebellum New Orleans have often been memorialized as Voudou queens, slave-torturers who continue to haunt houses, prostitutes, and light-skinned concubines to wealthy, white men. This study focuses on women’s contribution to New Orleans’s economy through the hospitality industry as female bar owners from 1830-1861. In addition, it provides an overview of the role that alcohol and beverage consumption patterns played among men and women of all races, classes, and cultural backgrounds in antebellum New Orleans. Antebellum tourists, in addition to cotton and sugar, were an important source of income for many New Orleanians before the Civil War. As bar owners, these women profited from male-dominated spaces while providing for themselves, and in some cases, their families. A study of the hospitality industry in antebellum New Orleans is essential to those studying both economic and social histories of the city during the antebellum era.

Rent: Same-Sex Prostitution in Modern Britain, 1885-1957 chronicles the concept of “rent boys” and the men who purchased their services. This dissertation demonstrates how queer identity in Britain, until contemporary times, was largely regulated by class, in which middle-and-upper-class queer men often perceived of working-class bodies as fetishized consumer goods. The “rent boy” was an upper-class queer fantasy, and working-class men sometimes used this fantasy for their own agenda while others intentionally dismantled the “rent boy” trope, refusing to submit to upper-class expectations. This work also explains how the “rent boy” fantasy was eventually relegated to the periphery of queer life during the mid-century movement for decriminalization. The movement was controlled by queer elites who ostracized economic-based and public forms of sex and emphasized the bourgeois sexual mores of their heterosexual counterparts. Sex between adult men in private was decriminalized, but working-class men selling sex suffered harsher laws and more strictly enforced penalties under this new, ostensibly “progressive” legislation.

Pretende-se analisar a publicação de impressos de grupos anarquistas no período inicial do movimento operário de Buenos Aires. Durante a formação das primeiras organizações operárias na cidade, a atividade editorial teve um papel central para estes grupos, cumprindo a função de propaganda e também de organização. Buscaremos estudar a esfera da edição, pesquisando quais assuntos e autores eram publicados, quais suportes eram adotados e quem eram os indivíduos que estavam à frente do trabalho de edição e da comercialização dos impressos, investigando quais eram os circuitos de venda e distribuição dos mesmos. Acreditamos que estas questões podem contribuir para a compreensão das estratégias adotadas por estes grupos para a propaganda de suas ideias, bem como a importância da atividade editorial para aglutinar militantes. Dessa forma, podemos entender o processo de desenvolvimento do anarquismo no movimento operário em Buenos Aires, problematizando a relação entre edição e política. / The objective is analyzing the publication of printed materials of anarchist groups in the initial period of the worker\'s movement in Buenos Aires. During the creation of the first worker\'s organizations in the city, the publishing activity had a major role for these groups, with the functions of propaganda and organization. We will study the editing field through a research on the subjects and the authors that were published, and also on the adopted media and on the people who were on the head of the editing work, trying to find out which were the selling and distribution networks. We believe that these matters can help us to understand the strategies chosen by these groups for promoting their ideas and the importance of the editing activity to get activists together. Thus, we can comprehend the development process of anarchism in the worker\'s movement in Buenos Aires by the relations between politics and publishing.