Orientador: Waldir José de Quadros / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T08:29:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_ViniciusGaspar_D.pdf: 2187801 bytes, checksum: f88e25986ee5f1b0bb7988040ec0aac0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este estudo tem como objetivo contextualizar e avaliar o processo de inclusão das pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho formal no Brasil. Parta tanto, primeiramente realiza um panorama acerca da trajetória das pessoas com deficiência na História, mostrando como foi evoluindo o "significado social" deste contingente populacional, tido anteriormente como "inválido" ou "incapaz". Realiza também uma apresentação sobre as principais legislações nacionais que versam sobre a temática da deficiência, além de estimar, com base nos dados do último Censo Demográfico, a população com deficiência em idade produtiva que estaria apta a fazer jus da chamada "Lei de Cotas". Este instrumento de ação afirmativa é avaliado quanto à sua efetividade, concluindo-se que, para além da legislação, é preciso avançar na inclusão escolar das pessoas com deficiência, melhorar as condições gerais de acessibilidade nos municípios e reafirmar paradigmas que não reforcem mitos e estereótipos associados a estas pessoas. Somente assim poderá avançar o ainda restrito acesso das pessoas com deficiência ao mercado de trabalho formal, no qual estão apenas uma minoria - em torno de 10% - daqueles com diferentes níveis de limitação física, sensorial ou cognitiva / Abstract: This study aims to contextualize and evaluate the process of inclusion of persons with disabilities in the Brazilian formal labor market. Therefore, first an overview of the situation of disabled people throughout history is presented in order to show how the "social significance" of a populational group, taken previously as "invalid" or "incompetent, had changed. Next, the main national laws that deal with disability issues are analyzed. Then, based on data from the last demographic census, it is also estimated the population of the working age population whose disabilities may give them the rights provided by the so-called "Law of Quotas". Evaluating the effectiveness of such instrument of affirmative action, one conclude that, in addition to legislation, it is imperative to strengthen people educational inclusion, to improve general accessibility in the counties and to favor paradigms that do not reinforce stereotypes and myths associated with these people. Thereby one can advance the still limited access of disabled people to formal labor market, in which only a minority - around 10% - of those with different levels of physical, sensory or cognitive impairment are / Doutorado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico

Orientador: Eugenia Troncoso Leone / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T12:23:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Smith_MerleneMaud_M.pdf: 731154 bytes, checksum: b706862da958d2fc4c190e416a0fc2f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa foi realizada a partir de um interesse na tendência da migração internacional de trabalhadores, relacionada à Jamaica. Este artigo reforça o desafio critico que tal forma de migração representa para o Sistema Educacional Jamaicano. O aspecto mais importante do estudo focou na migração de professores, em particular da Jamaica, e qual impacto ocorreu no sistema educacional da Jamaica. Observa-se a natureza dessa tendência em particular envolvendo professores com experiência deixando seus empregos e indo trabalhar em outro local, a situação após a migração e as razões pelas quais os professores migram. Os fatores analisados apontam tanto para influências internas e nacionais quanto externas e internacionais. A literatura relacionada ao tema usualmente coleta dados por meio de entrevistas, e professores que são simultaneamente uma parte do movimento e experimentaram o movimento em algum nível participaram da pesquisa compartilhando informações e experiências A investigação feita para esta tese revela fatos que demonstram que a natureza deste tipo de migração de profissionais altamente qualificados, em especial professores, impactou negativamente o sistema educacional da Jamaica. Foi descoberto que, ao perder tais professores, as escolas tiveram muita dificuldade de manter seus objetivos educacionais. Devido à perda de professores experientes, o sistema educacional jamaicano encontrou problemas em oferecer educação de qualidade devido à dificuldade de substituir os professores que migraram. Deste modo, esse tipo de migração teve impacto negative na educação dos jamaicanos, e deixou o sistema ainda mais fraco do que anteriormente / Abstract: This research was done out of an interest in the trend of international labour migration as it relates to Jamaica in the West Indies. This paper highlights the critical challenge that this form of migration poses for the Jamaican education system. The most important aspect of the study focused on teacher migration in particular from Jamaica and what impact it has on the Jamaica education system. The issues looked at the nature of this particular trend involving trained, experienced teachers leaving off the job to go and work elsewhere, the situation has it is after they leave and reasons why they leave. The push and pull factors were analyzed which pointed to both national internal influences as well as international external influences. Literature related to the topic was used to collect data and teachers who are both currently a part of the trend and have experienced the trend in some way or another participated by sharing their views and information to assist with this research. The investigation done for this research revealed facts on the situation which showed that the nature of this type of migration of professionals and highly trained teachers has impacted negatively on Jamaica and its' education system. It was found that in loosing these teachers the schools were left struggling to keep up with their educational objectives. Because of the loss of a number of trained experienced teachers the Jamaican education system found itself with problems of providing the same quality education they did before the teachers left as most schools could not find equal replacements. Hence, this type of migration has impacted negatively on the education system in Jamaica and has left the system even weaker than it was before / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Orientador: Liliana Rolfsen Petrilli Segnini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T20:12:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Riz_KatiuskaScuciatode_M.pdf: 980096 bytes, checksum: 921d429c54b07201ea9ad2886400d32e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a relevância da formação no ensino superior nas trajetórias de artistas, especialmente em dança. Para tanto, analisamos inicialmente o crescimento das instituições de ensino superior em dança, contextualizando-o, a partir dos anos 50, destacando os anos 1990. Posteriormente, analisamos o mercado de trabalho em dança no Brasil, por meio de informações institucionais - estatísticas nacionais - e sua relação com o processo de formação profissional. Os dados citados possibilitaram melhor compreensão do curso de dança criado, em 1985, no Instituto de Artes da Universidade de Campinas. É neste campo de pesquisa que foram entrevistados os artistas que concluíram o ensino superior de dança no referido curso. Para tanto, foram enviados questionários aos formados no período de 20 anos, indagando, entre outras informações, se concordam em ser entrevistados pessoalmente; instrumento de pesquisa privilegiado neste processo. Entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram desenvolvidas junto a uma amostra representativa. Assim, por meio de um caso singular - a trajetória social e profissional dos artistas da dança formados pela Universidade de Campinas, analisamos a relação entre formação profissional e mercado de trabalho artístico em um contexto de profissionalização crescente, procurando salientar as singularidades desta relação e suas contradições. Por exemplo: dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística informam que 72,4% dos formados em curso superior em artes não trabalham neste campo, mostrando a incompatibilidade deste nível de estudo com o mercado de trabalho em artes. No entanto, ao mesmo tempo, o ensino superior em dança cresce, em número de vagas no ensino público, a partir da década de 1990, bem como o trabalho formal a partir de 2004. O referencial teórico que informa esta pesquisa articula a sociologia do trabalho e da educação e encontra na categoria relações de gênero uma das referências principais. / Abstract: The objective of this research is to analyze the relevance of formation in high education in the trajectories of artists, especially in dance. Initially, we have analyzed the growth of high education institutions of dance, contextualizing it, from the 1950's, highlighting 1990's. Later, we have analyzed the labor market in dance in Brazil, according to institutional information - national statistics - and its relation with the process of professional formation. The cited data has better made possible the understanding of the dance course created, in 1985, in the Institute of Arts of University of Campinas. In this research field, the artists, who had concluded the high education of dance in the related institution, had been interviewed. Questionnaires were sent to graduated artists within 20 years, asking, among others information, if they agree to being interviewed personally; privileged instrument of research in this process. Half-structuralized interviews had been developed next to a representative sample. Thus, by means of a singular case - the social and professional trajectory of the artists of the dance graduated from University of Campinas, we have analyzed the relation between professional formation and artistic labor market in a context of increasing professionalization, to point out the singularities of this relation and its contradictions. For example: data of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics informs that 72.4% of the graduated ones in high education in arts do not work in this field, showing the incompatibility of this level of study with arts labor market. However, at the same time, high education vacant in dance grows in public education, from 1990's, as well as the formal work from 2004. The theoretical referential that informs this research articulates the sociology of work and education, and gender relations category as a main reference. / Mestrado / Educação, Sociedade, Politica e Cultura / Mestre em Educação

Most of the European countries are now facing the common challenge from aging population. This affects the labour market and consecutively the economic engine. As a matter of course the Czech Republic has to welcome workers from outside sources to supplement its labour shortage. I've found that the majority of the migrant workers going to the Czech Republic are low skill ones and they concentrate in the lower tier of the labour market. The efforts of the Government to attract high skill workers have not been much successful in bringing more qualified foreigners to the country. The Vietnamese is the third largest migrant community in the Czech Republic with 60.301 registered people. For those who came here in the 70s and 80s, they have been legally and pretty successfully residing in the society. But for the new workers who were sent to work in Czech factories since 2006, the global crisis turned their lives into hardship. They lost jobs but they couldn't or didn't want to go home. They must hold on in this land with a hope to change their lives.

The objective of this essay is to investigate how attitudes towards equality between men and women affect the gender wage gap. The essay studies how positive and negative attitudes on gender equality affects the gender income gap. This study investigates this by using data of the mean yearly incomes from 290 municipalities in Sweden during the years 2000-2008. Additionally, using a survey conducted by the SOM-institute at the Gothenburg university to measure attitudes towards gender equality. The results indicate that positive attitudes towards gender equality had a decreasing effect on the gender wage gap. A conclusion from this essay is that a more egalitarian attitude contributes to a decrease in the existing gender wage gap.

Discrimination against migrants in the work place is a frequent subject of studies and discussions. Perceptions and experiences of the Swedish labour market are directly connected to where we come from – our skin colour, religion, and gender. These may even be opposite if we compare a native Swedish and a migrant´s experience of job search, career opportunities, salary, and daily work life. The aim of this thesis is to look closer at migrants that were able to fight or stop discrimination after they were exposed to it. The thesis focuses on strategies used by such individuals and what knowledge and/or experiences led them to resist against it. Decoloniality theory makes up the foundation of the analysis of the material collected from interviews, examining different standpoints from dominant Western world perspectives. This study also uses intersectionality in order to tackle the strategies' complexity and help deconstruct discrimination. Each individuals' experience with discrimination in the workplace and their choice of strategies to avoid it are analysed. The thesis shows how decoloniality theory could connect to migrants' positive attitudes towards most of their professional choices and attempts to retake power amidst discrimination. / <p>2017-06-01</p>

Magister Commercii - MCom / South Africa is characterised by its high and persistent level of unemployment, in particular among the youth. The high youth unemployment is attributed to various reasons, ranging from their lack of work experience, skills mismatch to employment and wage rigidities. The South African government proposed the youth wage subsidy to be implemented in 2011, with the primary aim of solving the youth unemployment problem. This study starts by providing a literature review on the youth labour market trends since the transition; it emerged that there is a lack of studies focusing exclusively on how youths fare in the labour market. Next, the demographic and educational attainment characteristics of the youth narrow labour force, employed and narrow unemployed are analysed under the narrow or strict definition, using the 1995-1999 October Household Surveys (OHSs), the 2000-2007 Labour Force Surveys (LFSs) and the 2008-2011 Quarterly Labour Force Surveys (QLFSs). With regard to unemployed youths, it is found that they are more likely to be blacks, without Matric and have never worked before. The main causes of youth unemployment are then discussed in detail, before the thesis moves on to examine the various active and passive labour market policies that could help to address the youth unemployment problem. The possible pros and cons of the youth wage subsidy, one of the active policies and the focus of this study, are discussed in greater detail. In particular, the claim by institutions such as COSATU that the introduction of the subsidy would lead to elderly workers (who are not subsidised) being replaced by the youth workers (who are subsidised) is not entirely correct, as these two groups of workers could be complementary instead of substitutes, and the introduction of the subsidy programme could result in an increase of demand for both elderly and youth workers. It is concluded that, although the youth wage subsidy could be one of the feasible solutions to stimulate demand for youth labour, it is not sufficient to address youth unemployment. It needs to be complemented by the other policies, such as a job search subsidy (targeting discouraged work seekers) and public employment programmes (e.g. Expanded Public Works Programme); but it is most important to note that these policies could only be fully effective if the root causes of youth unemployment are addressed by the government.

Magister Commercii - MCom / Since the advent of democracy, one of the most serious economic problems facing the South African economy is the persistently high unemployment. Although employment has been increasing in general since the economic transition, the extent of such increase is not rapid enough to absorb the expanding labour force entrants, thereby causing both the level and rate of unemployment to increase. This is indicated by the fact that, despite the increase of employment number from 9.5 million in 1995 to 15.2 million in 2014, the number of unemployed increased from 2.0 million to 5.2 million during the same period, thereby causing the unemployment rate to rise from 17.6% to 25.4%. In fact, the labour market objective of the Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative of South Africa (ASGISA) to reduce the unemployment rate to 15% by the end of 2014 is not achieved. The government has been trying to solve the unemployment problem by means of various policies, ranging from the “big” policies like the Reconstruction and Development Program (RDP), Growth, Employment and Redistribution Policy (GEAR), the aforementioned ASGISA, and the recently launched National Development Plan (NDP), to the more specific labour market policies such as the Expanded Public Works Program (EPWP), promotion of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) to the implementation of the Employment Tax Incentives Bill (also known as the Youth Wage Subsidy) since 1 January 2014. This study first provides a theoretical framework on various models of unemployment, before the main causes of unemployment in South Africa are discussed. A critical evaluation of the pros and cons of various policy options to alleviate unemployment would be looked at. Some of the policy options have already been implemented in South Africa for years and hence the possible success of these policies would be investigated in detail. Few policies have only been recently implemented (e.g. the Employment Tax Incentives Bill), while other possible policy options have not yet been implemented in South Africa (e.g. job-seeking transport subsidy) but have been adopted in other countries. Hence, the feasibility of these options for South Africa would be investigated, by examining the outcome of these policies in the other countries.

This thesis analyses the labour market in the region Pardubice and unemployment in this region. The introduction part describes the main chapters with the assigned target and what the thesis will be about. Theory is being explained by fundamentals terms like labour market, unemployment, unemployment rate. Unemployment is also connected to the psychological and sociological aspects. The characteristics of Pardubice region are being described and the city of Pardubice is being proved as a place with special position in this region. In the city of Pardubice, there is a survey made by the author. The survey is focused on observating behavior of respondents in their current jobs or behavior in eventually searching for a new job in this city. The survey is also interested in the respondent's opinions on the Employment Agency as a public institution.

This thesis is concerned with increasing of employment through active labour market policy. It focuses on two countries - Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. Thesis describes theory of unemployment, it deals with historical base of labour market policy, as well as with particular actions of labour market policies of both considered countries. After that, main tools are analyzed, there are described advantages and disadvantages of particular actions, as well as whole active labour market policy approach. Recommendations for both countries are followed. Finally, thesis deals with European social fund.