<p>Vi har i detta arbete valt att titta närmare på problemet med att vissa bulklaster, exempelvis träpellets och flis, kan orsaka en skadlig atmosfär i lastrummen samt i kringliggande utrymmen. Vårt syfte var att finna lösningar på problemet med att människor råkat illa ut i olyckor involverande nämnda laster samt att bygga upp en erfarenhetsbank som folk i branschen kan ta del av och även dra lärdomar utifrån. Efter att ha läst in oss på ämnet via bl.a. tidningsurklipp, började undersökningen med att vi studerade olycks- samt forskningsrapporter. Vidare valdes deltagarna ut från ett flertal sjöfartsorienterade företag och organisationer. Dessa kontaktades samt intervjuades. Undersökningen visade att det tycks finnas ett flertal orsaker till att olyckor med dessa laster sker. Bl.a. nämndes okunskap och bristande rutiner. Några förslag på lösningar som gavs var att alltid hålla farliga utrymmen låsta samt att aldrig någonsin nöja sig med att mäta syrehalten. Koloxiden är minst lika farlig.</p> / <p>In this work we have chosen to investigate the problem with some solid bulk cargoes, for example woodchips and pellets, generating a dangerous atmosphere in cargo holds and surrounding areas. Our purpose was to find solutions to the problem with people suffering in accidents concerning the already mentioned cargoes and to create a document containing experiences from the people in the business. Later on, others would have an opportunity to learn from these experiences. To start with, we read articles about this problem and soon thereafter begun the investigation. Reports from accidents and scientistic work were read and later on we contacted our participants and proceeded with the interviews. These participants were chosen from several different companies in the shipping cluster. Our work shoved us several different reasons why the accidents occur. Lack of experience and bad routines were mentioned. The suggested actions to be taken were among other things, to lock the doors and not forget to measure the carbon monoxide levels.</p>

Universiẗat, Diss., 2000--Stuttgart.

Master of Science / Department of Statistics / Weixing Song / The relationship between a random variable and a random vector is often investigated through the regression modeling. Because of its relative simplicity and ease of interpretation, a particular parametric form is often assumed for the regression function. If the pre-specified function form truly reflects the truth, then the resulting estimators and inference procedures would be reliable and efficient. But if the regression function does not represent the true relationship between the response and the predictors, then the inference results might be very misleading. Therefore, lack-of-fit test should be an indispensable part in regression modeling. This report compares the finite sample performance of several classical lack-of-fit tests in regression models via simulation studies. It has three chapters. The conception of the lack-of-fit test, together with its basic setup, is briefly introduced in Chapter 1; then several classical lack-of-fit test procedures are discussed in Chapter 2; finally, thorough simulation studies are conducted in Chapter 3 to assess the finite sample performance of each procedure introduced in Chapter 2. Some conclusions are also summarized in Chapter 3. A list of MATLAB codes that are used for the simulation studies is given in the appendix.

Music in the learning area Arts and Culture and the subject Music fight for survival in rural South Africa. Neither more experienced educators nor new generalist teachers were trained to teach the four art forms of Arts and Culture. Courses for Arts and Culture as learning area at universities are scarce and the courses that do exist mostly cater for students who already have a background in music. Other courses again only cover two or three art forms and do not follow the actual school curriculum for Arts and Culture. This then leaves the educator unprepared to deal with the realities of the learning area. Many principals and educators regard Arts and Culture as a filler subject for educators who do not have enough lessons on their timetables. The lack of knowledge amongst educators, a curriculum with no logical progression and scarcity of resources have resulted in learners who are inadequately prepared for and not interested to continue with Music as subject in grade 10 to 12 which in turn leads to fewer music students at universities and fewer music educators. This thesis aimed to pinpoint some of the challenges in Music and suggest possible solutions to start a remedial process to get Music back into schools. Educators, principals and subject advisors were consulted regarding the challenges they are experiencing in music and suggestions and possible solutions were sought from literature and experts in the field of music. The finding has been that similar challenges are experienced throughout South Africa and these challenges are amplified in rural areas. The present situation where untrained educators have to teach a specialist area like music as part of Arts and Culture can only be improved with an ongoing process of intensive workshops and mentoring programmes for in-service educators by subject advisors who are qualified in music and music experts who have an in-depth knowledge of the school curriculum. It will also be advisable for the Department of Basic Education to appoint more subject advisors and also appoint them according to their specialization area/s so that they are capable of assisting educators effectively. / Thesis (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Music / unrestricted

Ce travail de recherche présente une stratégie de modélisation et de dimensionnement pour les assemblages boulonnés en milieu aéronautique. Dans le cas du dimensionnement de grandes structures, les bureaux d’étude se servent habituellement de techniques dites de « zoom structural ». Elles permettent de gérer les ressources numériques à disposition, avec des modèles simples et de grande taille à l’échelle globale, et des modèles plus complexes à l’échelle locale. Cette étude s‘insère dans le cadre d’un processus de zoom structural dans lequel les structures étudiées présentent un très grand nombre de fixations. Un premier travail consiste à proposer une modélisation pertinente des fixations à l’échelle globale. Dans une seconde partie, les dispersions de comportement observées dans les fixations boulonnées sont prises en compte par l’utilisation de la théorie des méconnaissances. Une technique de recalage de la modélisation complète est ensuite proposée afin de tirer partie d’éventuels essais réels ou numériques. Enfin, la stratégie proposée est appliquée sur des cas d’assemblages boulonnés de type aéronautique. Les avantages, mais aussi les limites de l’utilisation d’une telle stratégie y sont discutés. / The objective of this work is to develop a modeling strategy for assemblies involving multiple joints in an aeronautical predesign context. In the process of designing large structures, industrial engineers usually get around computational limitations by using submodeling techniques. In order to take into account phenomena which vary during the global representation of the submodeling process, we propose a modeling approach for the scattering of these phenomena based on the Lack-Of-Knowledge (LOK) theory. The LOK model associated with a relevant deterministic joint model is updated based on experimental or simulated data. The proposed strategy is discussed and illustrated by the case of multiple-joint assemblies typical of those used in aeronautics.

Background Hepatitis B is a world health problem. The virus is a blood pathogen that transfers through blood and body fluids. Hepatitis B is common in the west pacific area and in Vietnam nurses are at higher risk to get infected by hepatitis B. Aim The aim with the study is to describe Vietnamese nursing student´s perception of caring for patients with hepatitis B. Method It is a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews. Result There is a lack of knowledge about hepatitis B in the community and self-education is needed in the care. Fear of getting infected among nurses and a mistrust for the vaccine were found. The awareness of getting infected by needles and sharp instrument were also found. Conclusion Lack of knowledge is a problem in the society, in the health care and also experienced by the nursing students. For the future the nursing students want to educate patients in how to live with the virus, but they see many challenges. Lack of knowledge leads to stigma that infected patients are exposed to by health care and the society, those actions of stigma affects the nursing students in how they see and treat the virus.

Magister Commercii - MCom / The private market, if left to its own devices, often fails to achieve economic and social efficiency. Some of the problems relate to the existence of externalities, the inability to provide public _..goodsand services, lack of information and failure to achieve other objectives such as greater equality, sustainable economic growth, higher levels of employment and stable. prices. It is these instances of market failure that provide the major justification for government intervention in the market.

No description available.

This thesis deals with the optimal control of PDEs. After a brief introduction in the theory of elliptic and parabolic PDEs, we introduce a software that solves systems of PDEs by the finite elements method. In the second chapter we derive optimality conditions in terms of function spaces, i.e. a systems of PDEs coupled by some pointwise relations. Now we present algorithms to solve the optimality systems numerically and present some numerical test cases. A further chapter deals with the so called lack of adjointness, an issue of gradient methods applied on parabolic optimal control problems. However, since optimal control problems lead to large numerical schemes, model reduction becomes popular. We analyze the proper orthogonal decomposition method and apply it to our model problems. Finally, we apply all considered techniques to a real world problem.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Psychology) )--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.